The challenge of Natural Hazards►Tectonic Hazards1. Define hazard [1 mark]2. Name two types of

natural hazard [2 marks]

3. Explain two factors which affect risk [4 marks]

4. Using the map, describe the distribution of earthquakes. [3 marks]

5. Explain how earthquakes occur at conservative plate boundaries [4 marks]

6. Explain how volcanoes occur at destructive plate boundaries [4 marks]7. Explain how volcanoes occur at constructive plate boundaries [4 marks]8. Describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake. [4 marks]9. Explain why people continue to live in tectonically active areas [4 marks]

►Weather Hazards1. Describe the distribution of tropical storms using the map. [3 marks]

2. Explain how tropical storms form. [4 marks]3. Give two reasons why tropical storms eventually lose their energy. [2 marks]4. Suggest why the number of tropical storms may change in the future. [4 marks]5. Using a named example, evaluate the immediate and long-term responses to tropical storms. [9 + 3 SPaG] 6. Assess the extent to which prediction is the most important factor in

reducing the effects of tropical storms. [9 + 3 SPaG marks] 7. Describe the characteristics of extreme weather. {3 marks]8. Describe the effects of an extreme weather event [4 marks]9. The weather of the UK is becoming more extreme.’ Use evidence to support this

statement. [6 marks]10.Describe the characteristics of extreme weather. [2 marks]

►Climate Change

1. Explain the possible cause of climate change. [4 marks]2. Explain how volcanic activity and orbital changes may cause long-term climate change. [4

marks]3. Outline one strategy which aims to reduce the rate of climate change (mitigation). (2

marks)4. Explain one way in which people can adapt to the effects of climate change (4 marks)

5. Describe global responses to the threat of climate change. [6 marks]

The Living World

►Ecosystems and Tropical Rainforest

1. What is an ‘ecosystem’? [2 marks]2. Describe the role of producers in an ecosystem. [1

mark]3. Study the photograph of a tropical rainforest.

Describe the characteristics of the vegetation shown in Figure 7 (3 marks)

4. Explain how tropical rainforest vegetation adapts to the climate. (4 marks)

5. Using Figure 9 and your own understanding, complete the following sentences. [2 marks]

If a disease reduced the number of primary consumers, one effect on the food chain would be that…

Decomposers help to return nutrients to the soil by…

6. Explain why the diagram shown in Figure 9 is an example of nature’s

recycling system. [6 marks]7. Define biodiversity [1 mark]

8. Explain why deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. [6 marks]9. Describe how selective logging and replanting are examples of sustainable management in

tropical rainforests. (6 marks)

►Hot Deserts

1. Using the map, describe and explain the location of hot deserts. (6 marks)

2. Describe the main characteristics of soils in hot desert environments (3 marks)

3. Explain how vegetation adapts to the climate and soils of a hot desert area. (6 marks)

4. How have hot desert animals adapted to survive in an extreme environment (6 marks)

5. Using an example explain how people adapted and created opportunities to help them live in hot deserts.

6. Suggest how human activity may contribute to desertification in areas on the fringes of hot deserts. (6 marks)

7. Evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies in tackling desertification. (6 marks)

Physical Landscapes in the UK

►Coastal Landscapes

1. Explain how constructive waves shape the coastline. [4 marks]2. Describe how the sea erodes the coast. [3 marks] 3. Draw a series of annotated diagrams to explain the process of freeze thaw weathering. (4

marks)4. Explain why deposition occurs at certain places along the coast. [3 marks]5. Mass movement is a process affecting the coastal zone. Describe this process. [3 marks]6. Draw a fully annotated diagram to

show Long Shore Drift transports material at the coastline (4 marks)

7. Explain the formation of a wave cut platform. [4 marks]

8. Explain the formation of headlands and bays. [4 marks]

9. Explain the formation of a spit. [4 marks]

10. Using Figure 12 and your own knowledge, explain how different landforms may be created by the transport and deposition of sediment along the coast. [6 marks]

11.With the help of the photograph below, explain how soft engineering is used to protect coastlines from the effects of physical processes. [6 marks]

12. ‘Hard engineering strategies are effective in protecting the coastline.’ Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (6 marks)13. Explain the formation of sand dunes. (4 marks)14. Describe how sand dunes characteristics change the further you move away from the sea. (4 marks)

15.Study the diagrams below showing an example of managed retreat. Using the figure and your own knowledge explain how the method of managed retreat works. (6 marks)

►Glacial Landscapes1. Study figure 17, a map showing how the

ice cover in the northern hemisphere has changed. Describe the changes in ice cover shown in Figure 17.

2. Describe the process of freeze-thaw weathering (3 marks)

3. Describe how ice transports material. (3 marks)

4. Explain why glaciers advance and retreat. (6 marks)

5. Suggest why the rock shown in the foreground of Figure 18 is fractured. (2 marks)

6. Explain the formation of a corrie. (4 marks)7. Explain the formation of a truncated spur (4 marks) 8. Explain the formation of a glacial trough. (4 marks)9. Moraine is a glacial landform. Explain its formation. (3 marks)10. Explain the formation of lateral moraine. [4 marks]

11. Using Figure 20, explain how different landforms of deposition may be created in a glacial environment. [6 marks]12. Explain the formation of a drumlin. (4 marks)13. With the help of Figure 17, explain how glaciated landscapes provide opportunities for economic activities. [6 marks]14. Use a case study to explain how tourism is managed in a glaciated upland area. (6 marks)

15. Explain how tourism can damage glaciated upland areas environments. (6 marks)

16. ‘Economic activity can cause conflict between different land uses in glaciated upland areas.’ Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [6 marks]