the versatile elastomer - lanxess

Buna® EPEthylene Propylene Rubber

The Versatile Elastomer

Edition 2007-05

Buna® EP(1) – Table of contents

Preface 3Overall product description 4Chemistry of EPM copolymers 5Chemistry of EPDM terpolymers 5Production technologies 6Quality assurance 8Characteristic properties of the raw polymer 8Product range 9Packaging and storage 10

Polymer and vulcanizate properties 10Molecular structure 10Influence of molecular weight and Mooney viscosity 10Influence of the diene 11Influence of the ethylene / propylene ratio 11General polymer properties 11Chemical resistance 12

Compounding 13Selection of a suitable Buna® EP grade 13Vulcanization chemicals 13

Processing and vulcanization 14Mixing 14Processing of compounds 14

Applications 16Plastics modification 17Automotive industry 18Building industry 18Technical goods 19Electrical industry 19

About LANXESS 20Contact addresses 21

Packaging units of Buna® EP 22Transportation capacity requirements 23

(1) Buna is a registered trademark in many countries of the world

Front cover: Artist’s impression of the TianJin Olympic Center Stadium

where Buna® EP will be used as a roofing sealant.

3 of 24: This document contains important information and must be read in its entirety.

Preface

LANXESS is a major global supplier of Ethylene-Propylene Rubberswith over 30 years of production, sales, technical, research & devel-opment, and marketing experience.

We know the requirements of our customers to be:� continuous supply� expert technical support� broad product portfolio for various markets� 24x7 online ordering and information retrieval � global production and sales presence� orders ranging anywhere from skid to truckload volumes� state-of-the-art global quality laboratory equipment� continuous new product development� standard industry bale sizes� modern logistics IT infrastructure and strive to deliver accordingly.

For further or more detailed information, please contact our localexperts. You find their addresses at the end of this brochure.

For information on food contact applications, please contact theHealth, Safety, Environment and Quality Department of LANXESSGermany or, for business in the USA, the LANXESS Product Safetyand Regulatory Affairs Department in Pittsburgh, PA at 1-800-LANXESS.

Please note:The information contained in this publication is current as of May, 2007. Please contact LANXESS Deutschland GmbH orLANXESS Corporation to determine if this publication has beenrevised.

We wish you, as our current or potential Buna® EP customer, con-tinuous success in your business and hope this brochure to be ofvalue to you as a useful reference.

Overall product description

The general term ethylene-propylene rubber refers to two differentkinds of polymers:

� EPM represents a copolymer from ethylene and propylene monomers; EPM is entirely saturated and therefore requires vulcanization by radiation or products that release free radicals, such as organic peroxides

� EPDM denotes a terpolymer based on three monomers: ethyl-ene, propylene and a non-conjugated diene; EPDM grades have a residual unsaturation in the side chains and can therefore be cured with sulfur and accelerators. Its heat resistance is distinctlybetter than Natural Rubber, SBR and Butadiene Rubber

The molecules of both EPM and EPDM have a completely saturat-ed hydrocarbon back bone, through which excellent ozone resist-ance and very good resistance to heat and oxidation are achieved.

Key properties of ethylene-propylene elastomers are as follows:� They have the lowest density (0.86 g/cm3) of all the

commercially available rubbers� Can be molded, extruded, or calendered� Fast and efficient mixing with additives� Ability to accept higher filler loadings than other elastomers� Very good resistance to heat and oxidation � Very good resistance to ozone and weathering � Good chemical resistance � Good low temperature flexibility (depending on ethylene content) � Good electrical insulation properties� Good vulcanizate physical properties (stress-strain behavior,

compression set)


Buna® EP – The Versatile Elastomer

Ethylene-propylene rubbers are designed according to the followingcriteria:� Mooney viscosity � Ethylene/propylene ratio � Diene content � Oil content and oil type

The properties of the raw EP rubber and the corresponding vulcan-izates are directly influenced by the EP rubber polymer structure:� molecular weight � molecular weight distribution� composition� crystallinity� distribution of monomer units within a chain� the extent of long-chain branching

These properties are directly related to the polymerization condi-tions and catalyst system used in the EP rubber manufacturingprocess. By varying the reaction parameters, one can obtain a widerange of properties, suitable for a large number of applications. Theproduction of a broad range of high quality synthetic rubber gradesof this type is made possible by a thorough understanding of therelationship between the process variables and the resulting prod-uct properties.

Artist’s impression of the TianJin Olympic Center Stadium where Buna® EP will be used as a roofing sealant.


EP(D)M

propylene units saturated backbone

ethylene units active position for crosslinking

ENB unit

Figure 1: Structure of EP(D)M

Polymer properties such as rate of cure and degree of crosslinkingdepend on the type and amount of diene. Grades with differentamounts of the third monomer are offered to meet requirements ina wide range of applications.

Chemistry of EPM copolymers

Buna® EP copolymers are produced by copolymerization of ethyl-ene and propylene using Ziegler-Natta catalysts which are formedin-situ by reaction of vanadium salts and aluminum alkyl halides.

Distribution of the comonomer propylene can vary from random toalternating. The function of propylene is to disrupt long sequencesof ethylene and prevent them from crystallizing. � At high propylene levels (above 50 weight percent), only short

ethylene sequences exist in the polymer chain so crystallinity is absent

� At low propylene levels (e.g., below 35 weight percent), a small amount of crystallinity is present which provides the EPM with green strength

The copolymerization results in a saturated backbone. Sulfur vulcan-ization cannot be used to crosslink EPM since no unsaturationexists. Therefore, e.g. peroxide cure must be used.

Peroxide curing of EPM is more efficient at high ethylene composi-tions due to competing chain scission which occurs at the tertiarycarbon atoms of the propylene units.

Chemistry of EPDM terpolymers

To produce a sulfur-curable rubber, a non-conjugated diene is intro-duced as the third monomer during polymerization. Appropriatethird monomers contain one double bond which takes part in thepolymerization and one which does not. This results in pendantunsaturation which serves as crosslinking sites without affecting thesaturated main chain. Buna® EP terpolymers from LANXESS useethylidene norbornene (ENB) as the third monomer.

solvent

catalyst

monomers

antioxidant

(oil)

waste water

water

Reactor Separator Stripper

Sieve

Expeller Expander Dryer

balingpackaging

warehouseDewatering

steam

wastewater



Production technologies

LANXESS produces EP rubber on two continents, using two differ-ent production technologies. We are the only manufacturer world-wide that currently offers both solution and suspension (slurry) tech-nology.

The combination of two different processes enables LANXESS toproduce a very wide range of EP rubber products from very highmolecular weight and high ethylene grades produced in suspensionto amorphous, moderate molecular weight grades. Both processesoffer distinct advantages.

In the LANXESS EP rubber solution process, � a catalyst is used to produce EPM or EPDM in a hydrocarbon

solvent in which the polymer dissolves as it is formed � the viscous solution is short-stopped, washed and antioxidant

is added; in the case of oil-extended grades, extender oil is added.� the rubber solution is coagulated and residual hydrocarbons

are stripped from the rubber using steam� the wet rubber crumb is then dewatered and dried in the finishing

segment of the process� the dried rubber is finally baled and packaged

Fig. 3: Production flow sheet for Buna® EP G Marl

Fig. 2: Production via solution polymerization is carried out at our plant in Marl, Germany


Fig. 5: Production flow sheet for Buna® EP T Orange

Fig. 4: Production via suspension polymerization takesplace at our plant in Orange, Texas, USA

In the LANXESS suspension (slurry) process, � a soluble catalyst is used to produce EPM or EPDM in a diluent

in which the polymer is insoluble� subsequently, small rubber particles are formed as a suspension

in the reaction medium; since the viscosity of the reaction medium is low, higher molecular weight rubber can be pro-duced at high solid levels

� following polymerization, water, antioxidants and extender oils (foroil-extended EPDM grades) are added and residual hydrocarbons are stripped from the suspension

� the resulting crumb is then dewatered, dried and finished in a fashion similar to the solution process



Quality assurance

Quality is a core value of LANXESS, founded on the global princi-ples of quality management, product stewardship, and sustainabledevelopment.

All of our EP manufacturing sites worldwide, customer service oper-ations, and supply chain operations maintain quality systems regis-tered to ISO 9001:2000.

To be certified to the ISO 9001 standard, LANXESS implementeda quality management system embracing all of the company's activ-ities, including:

� employee training � customer interaction� meeting customer requirements� product design and development� purchasing materials and services� delivering products� fostering an environment for continual improvement

LANXESS operations in Europe, Latin America, Middle East, Africa,and Asia-Pacific are certified according to the international environ-mental standard ISO 14001. You can find further information on theLANXESS website:www.lanxess.com/lcs/en/portrait/certificates/performance_rubber

In North America, LANXESS Corporation is RC 14001 certified,which is a combined certification of both ISO 14001 and theAmerican Chemical Council's RCMS(2) standards. To be certified tothe RC 14001 standard, LANXESS implemented an environmentalmanagement system (EMS) embracing all of the company's activi-ties, including environmental impacts, product design and develop-ment, purchasing materials and services, and delivering products,while fostering an environment for continual improvement.

LANXESS utilizes root cause analysis and corrective action planningto prevent reoccurrence of non-conformities. For customers regis-tered for LANXESS e-commerce, this process can be initiated usingour online transaction system LANXESSOne, or in North AmericaLANXESSDirect. Alternatively, our LANXESS sales representativecan be contacted.

LANXESS is committed to maintain a leadership position in Buna® EPproduct quality and reliability.

2) ”Responsible Care Management System” is an American standard which ensures that

manufacturers have systems in place to ensure the health and safety of LANXESS

employees, customers and surrounding communities.

Characteristic properties of the raw polymer

The Buna® EP nomenclature is as follows:

Texas/Germany refers to the respective LANXESS production sitewhere the Buna® EP grade is manufactured.

Buna® EP grade names containing the string 'VP' are experimentalgrades (VP stands for ”Versuchsprodukt” = experimental grade inGerman).

Product range

Our customers have the choice of six different Buna® EP grade cat-egories:� EPM (copolymers)� EPDM (terpolymers) in groups of increasing diene content:

low, medium, high, very high. � Maleic anhydride-grafted EP rubber.

Relevant safety data and references as well as the possibly neces-sary warning labels are to be found on the material safety data sheet(MSDS). They can be sent to you upon request.

� Our specific product data sheets are online at: www.techcenter.lanxess.com/trp

Please choose the world region you are located in.

Buna® EP T 5459 CL

T = TexasG = Germany

Mooney ViscosityML (1+4) at 125 °C5 = 50 – 59

wt % ENB4 = 4.0 – 4.9%

wt % Ethylene5 = 50 – 59%

phr paraffinic oil9 = 90 – 100

Oil Color


1) unmassed (DIN 53 523; ASTM D 1646)

2) correction formula: C2 corr. = C2 uncorr. x(100-ENB%)

100

Density 0,86 g/cm3; for oil-extended grades 0.87 g/cm3

Table 1: LANXESS EPM and EPDM product rangesBuna® EP Mooney viscosity(1) ENB Ethylene Standard packaging

ML (1+4) 125 °C content content (%) bale weight/ ML (1+8)(1) corr.(2) (bales per pallet)

CopolymersT 2070 22 / 35 (100 °C) 0.0 68 34 kg (24)

pellets on requestT 4040 ( KA 8931) 40 / - 0.0 48 25 kg (30)Terpolymers – low unsaturation

G 6170 59 / - 1.5 71 20 kg (30),crumbs in 320 kg boxes

T 6250 55 / - 2.2 62 25 kg (36)Terpolymers – medium unsaturation

G 2440 24 / - 4.3 51 25 kg (35) T 2450 22 / 35 (100 °C) 4.0 59 25 kg (30) T 2460 21 / 33 (100 °C) 4.0 62 25 kg (30) G 2470 24 / - 4.2 69 25 kg (35) G 2470 LM 22 / - 4.2 69 25 kg (35) G 3440 28 / - 4.1 48 25 kg (35) G 3473 (30 phr paraffinic oil) 34 / - 4.6 69 25 kg (35) G 3569 LF (100 phr paraffinic oil) 30 / - 5.1 66 25 kg (35) G 5450 46 / - 4.3 52 25 kg (35) G 5455 (50 phr paraffinic oil) 46 / - 4.3 55 25 kg (35) T 5459 CL (100 phr paraffinic oil) 54 / 38 (150 °C) 4.0 59 25 kg (30) T 6465 (50 phr paraffinic oil) 53 / 37 (150 °C) 4.0 64 25 kg (30) T 6470 57 / 55 (125 °C) 4.5 68 25 kg (30)

pellets on requestG 6470 59 / - 4.7 70 20 kg (30)G 8450 76 / - 4.3 53 25 kg (35)G 8460 81 / - 4.5 66 20 kg (30)G 5567 (75 phr paraffinic oil) 46 / - 5.1 66 25 kg (35)Terpolymers – high unsaturation

T 6650 63 / 62 (125 °C) 6.5 53 25 kg (36)T 9650 94 / 60 (150 °C) 6.5 53 25 kg (36)Terpolymers – very high unsaturation

G 3850 28 / - 7.8 48 25 kg (35)G 3963 (30 phr paraffinic oil) 34 / - 9.0 66 25 kg (35)G 5962 (25 phr paraffinic oil) 51 / - 9.0 64 25 kg (35)G 6850 60 / - 7.7 51 25 kg (35)G 8850 80 / - 7.7 51 25 kg (35)T 6861 (15 phr paraffinic oil) 60 / - 8.0 60 25 kg (36)T 4969 (100 phr paraffinic oil) 43 / 30 (150 °C) 10.0 62 25 kg (30)T 3950 33 / 54 (100 °C) 11.5 56 34 kg (24)

More detailed information concerning Buna® EP packaging andshipping can be obtained on pages 22 and 23.



Polymer and vulcanizate properties

The ethylene/propylene ratio, the diene content, the molecularweight and the oil content are the principal factors influencing theproperties of Buna® EP.

The Buna® EP product range comprises three main groups: � Amorphous EPM/EPDM polymers containing approximately

equal amounts of ethylene and propylene; the monomer units are randomly distributed along the polymer chains

� EPM/EPDM block polymers with an increased proportion of ethylene; some of the ethylene forms small blocks within the polymer chain; consequently, these polymers have a partially crystalline structure

� Oil-extended grades include both of the aforementioned groups;paraffinic oils are used

Within these three groups, the polymers have different diene con-tents and molecular weights. All LANXESS EPM/EPDM grades contain a non-staining stabilizer.

Molecular structure

Ethylene and propylene can be polymerized to form either copoly-mers (EPM) or terpolymers (EPDM) when a non-conjugated dieneis added. The polymer backbone is saturated. The remaining dou-ble bond of the diene is part of the side group. The saturated back-bone results in the high resistance of EPDM to thermo-oxidativedegradation as well as a variety of chemicals.

Influence of molecular weight and Mooney viscosity

Mooney viscosity of EPDM gives an indication of the polymer molec-ular weight. The Mooney viscosity can be varied within a relativelywide range during the polymerization.

In general, higher molecular weight provides the following proper-ties:� higher green strength at elevated temperatures� higher capacity for filler/oil loading� lower compression set � better tear resistance

Polymer molecular weight has a substantial influence on the col-lapse resistance of extrudates at elevated temperatures. This is aproperty of special importance for the continuous production ofextruded products.

Packaging and storage

Buna® EP rubbers are shipped in packaging on pallets or in cratesmade with treated wood and cardboard.

The product is normally packaged in individually wrapped bales, butcertain grades such as Buna® EP T 2070 P, Buna® EP T 6470 Pand Buna® EP T VP KA 8944* are supplied in pellet form.

The shelf life of EPM /EPDM is 2 years -- except of Buna® EP T 2070 P: oneyear -- and exposure to light should be strictly avoided (storage < 30°C).

More detailed information concerning Buna® EP packaging andshipping can be obtained on pages 22 and 23 and via our website:http://techcenter.lanxess.com/trp

Please choose the world region you are located in.


Influence of the diene

The range of Buna® EP grades comprises both copolymers and ter-polymers. Copolymers can only be crosslinked with peroxides orradiation. Terpolymers can be crosslinked both with peroxides andwith sulfur. The cure rate and the crosslink density increase withincreasing diene content. Terpolymers with high levels of ENB areparticularly suitable for the production of profiles by pressure-lesscontinuous vulcanization, or for co-vulcanization with diene rubbers.

Influence of the ethylene / propylene ratio

If the ethylene and propylene contents are approximately equal,both monomers within the polymer molecule are evenly distributed,meaning the rubber is amorphous.

If the ethylene content is over roughly 65 weight %, ethylenesequences form in increasing number and length. These sequencesare able to form crystallites.

In the vulcanizate, the crystallinity of the polymer results in improvedtensile strength and increased hardness, but also with a higher com-pression set at low temperatures.

Other effects of increasing ethylene content include: � improved cold green strength� good extrudability � high filler and plasticizer loading capacity.

General polymer properties

General features of Buna® EP compounds which are dependent onthe level and type of ingredients added to the polymer are providedin the following table as an initial guide.

Table 2: Buna® EP basic physical dataDensity g/cm3 0.86 – 0.87Thermal properties

Specific heat kj/kg • K approx. 2.8Thermal conductivity W/m • K approx. 0.3Thermal diffusivity cm2/s approx. 0.0012Electrical properties

Electrical resistivity Ohm • cm 1015

Dielectric constant r 3 – 4Dissipation factor tan 0.2 – 0.8Corona discharge resistance - very goodGas permeability

Air 108 cm2/s • bar 8.6Hydrogen 108 cm2/s • bar 29 – 111Nitrogen 108 cm2/s • bar 6.4Helium 108 cm2/s • bar 19.7Gas permeability rating - fair to good

Chemical resistance

One of the most important features ofproperly formulated compounds based onBuna® EP is its exceptional resistance toaging and weathering i.e., to � oxygen � ozone� water� elevated temperatures � UV radiation to a certain degree

This, as already mentioned, is attributableto the saturated main chain of the poly-mer. Being a pure hydrocarbon rubber,Buna® EP is also inert to many chemicals.



Its resistance to solvents depends on their polarity. The nonpolarand inert nature of the EP(D)M grades make the vulcanizates sub-stantially resistant to many polar media or substances containingoxygen in the molecule, such as alcohols, ketones, esters and gly-cols, and also to water, typical coolants and brake fluids.

The polymers are also resistant to acids and bases. EP(D)M hasgenerally poor resistance to oils based on hydrocarbons and tofuels. However, medium oil resistance can be obtained with the oil-extended grades of very high molecular weight. High termonomercontents improve the oil resistance by permitting higher crosslinkdensities.

The following overviews emerge when comparing the properties ofEPDM with SBR, NR, CR and NBR rubbers:

Table 3: Comparing physical properties of Buna® EP with SBR and NRPhysical properties Buna® EP SBR NR

Specific gravity (g•cm3) 0.86 0.94 0.93Suitability for coloring Good Good GoodTensile strength (MPa) 7 – 24 7 – 24 7 – 28Hardness (Shore A) 20 – 100 40 – 100 20 – 100Tear strength Good Good Very goodAbrasion resistance Good Good Very goodRebound resilience at room temperature Good Good Very goodRebound resilience at elevated temperature Good Good Very goodElectrical insulation properties Good Fair GoodResistance to weathering, sunlight Very good Fair FairResistance to ozone Very good Fair to poor PoorHeat resistance Very good Fair PoorResistance to fluids

Mineral oils Poor Poor PoorPolar substances: alcohols, ketones, glycols, Good to very good Fair to poor Fair to poorphosphoric acid estersAnimal and vegetable oils Poor Poor PoorAcids Good Fair to good Fair to goodSwelling in Water Very good Good Good


Vulcanization chemicals

Peroxide cure: Both EPM and EPDM can be vulcanized with organic peroxides.The choice of peroxide and coagent is important in achieving theoptimum rate of cure for the processing conditions. The amount ofperoxide has little influence on the rate of cure but will influence thefinal crosslink density. This allows the compounder to optimize suchproperties as:� rebound resilience� compression set� modulus � elongation at break

Peroxides give the most heat-stable crosslinks. A fairly high ratio ofethylene/propylene in the polymer contributes to the crosslinkingefficiency. When the free radicals formed by the peroxide attack apropylene unit, there is a much greater tendency to break the chainthan to form crosslinks. Therefore more crosslinks per mole of per-oxide are formed in an EPDM with high ethylene content than in anEPDM with low ethylene content.

Sulfur-cure: For sulfur-curing, the amount of termonomer in the EPDM polymer(unsaturation in the side chain) determines the rate of crosslinking.However even at high termonomer levels, EPDM has a lower reac-tivity in comparison to Natural Rubber or Butadiene Rubber, andtherefore accelerators must be used to achieve cure times that areacceptable in practice. Care must be taken in designing the acceler-ator package, as many have limited solubility in EPDM which canresult in surface blooming.

Antidegradants:Since EPDM has a fully saturated backbone, antidegradants are notusually required for oxidative stability. However, some improvementcan be obtained with LANXESS' Vulkanox® HS (TMQ) in peroxide-or sulfur-cured vulcanizates. LANXESS' Vulkanox® MB or MB 2often increases the retention of elongation at break after aging. Thismay be important for the fulfillment of certain aging requirements.

Fillers:EPDM rubbers, in comparison to general purpose or specialty rub-bers, have an excellent capacity for high loadings of filler/oil. Therubber content in compounds is frequently as low as 25-30 %.Carbon black is the most commonly used filler for EPDM becausethe reinforcing effect and processing behavior are combined in aparticularly advantageous manner, but EPDM can also accept highlevels of light colored fillers.

The polymer grade and, above all, the molecular weight determinethe filler loading that can be easily incorporated. Oil-extendedgrades have the highest molecular weights and are able to acceptthe highest filler loadings.

Compounding

Selection of a suitable Buna® EP Grade:The choice is determined by the Mooney viscosity, ethylene content,and termonomer content of the polymer.

With increasing Mooney or molecular weight, the typical propertiesof a rubber, such as resilience, compression set and tensile strength,are improved.

On the other hand, molecular weight has a tremendous influence onthe flowability of the uncured compound, so that the choice is prima-rily driven by processing requirements. Since the flowability decreas-es with increasing molecular weight, the following rule of thumbapplies:� Low viscosity EPDM grades for compounds with low plasticizer

content� High viscosity grades for compounds with high plasticizer content

In continuous curing processes, a high molecular weight grade ispreferred to ensure good collapse resistance and shape retention inthe uncured state, but a compromise has to be found in terms ofextrudability.

The grades with high ethylene content behave more like a thermo-plastic and can be more easily mixed, extruded and calendered.They give higher tensile strength values and therefore tolerate cor-respondingly higher filler and plasticizer loadings. Additionally, theyimpart higher hardness and elongation.

The content of non-conjugated diene (termonomer) influencesespecially the rate of cure (scorch time, cure time), compression setand the stress-strain behavior.

In continuous vulcanization processes (UHF, LCM, hot air, Ballotini)where sulfur is used as a curative, highly unsaturated EPDM gradesare chosen to obtain as fast a cure rate as possible in order to pro-vide high quality end products at high output rates.

In discontinuous processes, on the other hand, medium unsaturat-ed grades are generally used, because here cure times can bereduced more effectively by increasing the cure temperature (auto-clave, compression molding) or the processing temperature / injec-tion rate (in injection molding).



Processing and vulcanization

Mixing

Internal mixer: For mixing EPDM, the internal mixer is most suitable due to the highloading levels. The batch size is critical for optimization of the mixingcycle. The recommended fill factor is 80-85 %, which is slightly larg-er than for most rubbers, but may vary depending on the degree ofloading and the hardness of the compound.

For grades with higher molecular weights, the preferred speed is25-35 rpm in reference to a medium sized production mixer. Thisgives optimum dispersion of the filler, especially in highly loadedcompounds.

An upside-down cycle is recommended as the standard technique.Here the carbon black and oil are added first, followed by the poly-mer. Single stage mixing, with a maximum temperature at dumpingof about 110 °C, is usual. If this temperature is exceeded, the vul-canization chemical must be added in a second mixing stage or onthe open mixing mill.

Mill Mixing: The oil-extended grades are best suited for mill mixing becauseband formation occurs immediately. Here, too, EPDM grades withhigher molecular weight and those with higher ethylene contenteasily accept large quantities of fillers and are therefore easy to han-dle. Further, part of the appropriate filler masterbatch (10-15 %) canbe added at the beginning of the mixing cycle. If the batch changesover to the faster back roll, it can be brought back onto the front roll,if necessary, by lowering the temperature.

Processing of compounds

Extrusion: The majority of EPDM extrusion compounds are continuouslycured. High molecular weight polymers yield compounds whichhave superior dimensional stability.

The following comments can be made concerning compounddesign and the selection of polymer grades for extrusion com-pounds:a) For compounds of 25-55 Shore A: � high Mooney viscosity (oil-extended polymers)� high oil loading� medium to high ethylene content� high ENB contentb) For compounds of 55-70 Shore A: � high Mooney viscosity � medium ethylene content� medium to high ENB content

With the same molecular weight, polymers of higher ethylene con-tent permit the use of higher filler loadings than do those of lowerethylene content.

Plasticizers:In EPDM, processing oils are used to adjust the hardness and mod-ulus of the vulcanizate and to improve the flow behavior and extru-sion properties. Normally paraffinic mineral oils and also, if neces-sary, naphthenic mineral oils are used to plasticize EPDM com-pounds. Phosphoric acid esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons areoccasionally incorporated to improve the flame resistance. Lowquantities (below 10 phr) are used.

For optimum heat resistance, process oils with relatively high paraf-finic contents are used. Other additives, such as paraffin waxes oflow molecular weight, polyethylene and polybutene, can also beused as process aids. As with fillers, the EPDM grades of highermolecular weight tolerate higher plasticizer loadings. This is particu-larly important in the formulation of compounds of low hardnesswhere a high compound viscosity is required to prevent porosity.High viscosity oils are preferable here.


c) For compounds of 70-95 Shore A: � low Mooney viscosity� highest ethylene content� medium degree of unsaturation

EPDM compounds can be cured continuously in � microwave / hot air units, � steam, � fluidized beds, or � salt baths

Calendering: EPDM compounds calender easily, resulting in smooth and attrac-tive surfaces and good dimensional stability. An essential conditionis a medium to high roll temperature. Control of the compound vis-cosity and temperature is very important for maintenance of thethickness of the sheet. In general, the following should be watched out for:� Excessive heat loss must be avoided when the viscosity is low� Heat build-up must be avoided when the viscosity is high

Molding:EPDM compounds of low viscosity have good flow behavior andtherefore can be molded to complicated shapes by � compression molding� transfer molding � injection molding

The feed strips for injection molding must have good green strengthto ensure good feed behavior. Additionally, a relatively high ethylenecontent improves the flow behavior and remolding properties. Thereversion resistance of the material permits high cure temperaturesand therefore short cure cycles.

Bonding of EPDM to other materials: Some applications require rubber to metal bonding. EPDM has nopolar groups or groups with high electron density and therefore canbe difficult to bond to metals or other substrates. To overcome thisproblem, LANXESS has developed maleic anhydride-grafted EPDMgrades. These Buna® EP XT grades have maleic anhydride groupsgrafted to the polymer backbone. When blended into an EPDMcompound at low levels (e.g., 10 phr), the XT grades affordimproved adhesion to metals, minerals, and polymers such as nylonand polyester.

Versatility in Various Markets –Typical Applications of Buna® EP


Applications

Markets using the Buna® EP range, are as follows: � Aerospace� Appliances� Automotive� Construction� Consumer Goods� Electronics� Food Applications� Footwear� Industrial Applications� Oil � Packaging� Plastics� Sporting Goods�Wire & Cable� Others

Plastics modification

Typical Buna® EP-modified plastics applications are bumpers, bot-tles, boxes, toys and films. EPM/EPDM polymers are increasinglyused as impact modifiers for plastics such as polyolefins. These ther-moplastic olefins (TPO) exhibit superior flexibility and impactstrength.

The rubber fraction in the blend is usually kept to a minimum - atmost 40 % - to maintain the plastic's other physical properties andprocessing characteristics.

In plastic-modified rubber, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) or ther-moplastic vulcanizates (TPV), EPM/ EPDM is the main componentand is responsible for the required physical properties of the endproduct.

The elastomer component should provide:� Maximum elastic properties improvement per unit volume� Efficient vulcanization � Contribute to a uniform dispersion of small, highly cross-linked

particles � Allow the compound designer full freedom in color selection

TPEs provide functional performance and properties similar to con-ventional thermoset rubber products, but can be processed with thespeed, efficiency and economy of thermoplastics.

The plastic phase imparts stiffness to the blends, enables plastic-likeprocessing and recyclability, and eliminates the need for vulcaniza-tion. Buna® EP / polyolefin blends are finding growing applicationsin areas such as automotive parts, consumer products, wire andcable, building construction and mechanical goods. The automotivesector is currently the largest market for these materials. Examplesinclude soft exterior parts, such as fascia covers, air dams, body sidemoldings, window and body seals.



Automotive industry

This is by far the largest application segment, ranging from solid andsponge automotive body sealing to "under the hood" applicationslike coolant hoses and tubes.

The majority of the extruded profiles are made by pressure-less con-tinuous cure. For these products the emphasis is on requirementssuch as low compression set and good retention of heat-aged phys-ical properties. Based on the need for higher end product reliabilityand extended service life, there is a growing demand for better sur-face finish.

The product should be free from porosity, fast curing, and shouldadhere well to textile flock and metal. High modulus is required foroptimum sealing force, to prevent leakage through window sur-rounds and to minimize wind noise from window seals.

The growing demand for nitrosamine-free compounding promptedthe need for faster curing EPDM types that should allow the formu-lation of cure systems which are free from bloom and iridescence.

Building industry

Since the 1980s, EPDM has shown a spectacular growth pattern inthe field of single ply roofing sheets, particularly in the USA. The useof a thin flexible membrane to replace traditional asphalt materialsrepresents a considerable technological advance, and improveslong term performance. Membrane technology has been directedtowards developing a single grade suitable for general use in differ-ent climates and roofing constructions. The basis is a low modulus,high molecular weight EPDM compound, with excellent tear resist-ance to accommodate service stresses.

Due to their superior water, ozone and weathering resistance, suchmembranes have proven longevity, and are endorsed by a trackrecord over 25 years.

Since vulcanization takes place in pressure-less continuous curingmachines, high molecular weight EPDM provides good collapse ordistortion resistance during the curing step. Glazing gaskets andbuilding profiles must retain high elastic sealing forces over a widetemperature range. To withstand strong wind forces, low compres-sion set requirements need to be met.

Other typical applications include expansion joints, solar panel tub-ing, sound insulation wall panels, bridge bearing pads and rubbertiles for playgrounds.


Technical goods

Due to the great application versatility of Buna® EP, a broad spec-trum of diverse requirements can be met. The below mentions onlya few technical goods applications.

� washing machine gaskets� potable water seals� valve and tank linings � roll coverings� hoses and tubes � conveyors � floor tiles

Electrical industry

Buna® EP can be especially used in the following wire & cable indus-try applications:

� low and medium voltage cables and � transmission and distribution:� connectors � arrestors � relays



About LANXESS

LANXESS is one the world's leading manufacturers of performanceand fine chemicals, synthetic rubber, and plastics.

Our core functions include the development, production, and mar-keting of chemicals, rubbers, and plastics. LANXESS serves a broadrange of markets including; Automotive, Construction, Housing,Electronic, Wood and Furniture, Medical Engineering, Footwear,Sports and Leisure, Textiles and Clothing, Packaging, and more.

LANXESS operations have a long history, rich with a tradition ofresearch and discovery. The company's roots go back to 1863, theyear Bayer was founded. In 2004, during its reorganization, BayerAG combined most of its chemical activities and approximately one-third of its polymer activities into a new stand alone company namedLANXESS.

We have roughly 18,000 employees at 50 international productionsites and offices in all major regions to ensure we can offer our busi-ness partners the best possible service on the world 's markets.For more information please visit the Internet at: http://www.lanxess.com/lcs/en/portrait/lanxess_worldwide/world_map/

2005 Sales for LANXESS were approximately 7.1 Billion Euros.

Our global LANXESS Web site is: http://www.lanxess.com/lcs/en/

Our LANXESS Corporation (USA) Web site is:http://us.lanxess.com/

LANXESS has a streamlined organizational structure to make it flex-ible and dynamic. Our structure and business activities are gearedto market needs, ensuring that we have the speed and flexibility tocontinue offering customers top-quality products supported byexcellent service.

For more information please visit:http://www.lanxess.com/lcs/en/portrait/organization/

The parent company of the conglomerate LANXESS is a publiclytraded company listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. For moreinformation please visit:http://www.lanxess.com/lcs/en/investor_relations/faqs/


Make use of our experience!

Talk to us! Whether it’s technical details or new product ideas youneed, our experts will be at your side from development rightthrough to full-scale production. From individual recipe recommen-dations to on-site advice. We think of ourselves not just as suppliers,but as an active partner to our customers. We’ve been providing

LANXESS Deutschland GmbHTechnical Rubber ProductsSales & Technical Marketing 51369 Leverkusen,GermanyE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 214/30 24119www.lanxess.com

LANXESS Corporation111 RIDC Park West DrivePittsburgh, PA 15275-1112USAE-mail: [email protected]: 001 (412) 809-4765www.us.lanxess.com

LANXESS Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Technical Rubber Products, APAC Building 8, No. 899 Zu Chong Zhi Road Zhangjing High-Tech Park Shanghai, 201203 P.R. China E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +86 21 51317888-232www.lanxess.cn

this service throughout the world for over 90 years. Make use of all thisexperience in research and practical applications – get in touch today!

Please direct any questions on Buna® EP from LANXESS to one ofthe following addresses or contact your regional sales office at:www.sales-offices-trp.lanxess.com

LANXESS K.K.Business Unit: Technical Rubber Products1-6-5, MarunouchiChiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8215JapanE-mail: [email protected]: 0081 (0) 3-5293-8028FAX : 03-5219-9777www.lanxess.jp

LANXESS Ind. de Prod. Quimicos e Plásticos Ltda. Av. Maria Coelho de Aguiar, 215 - Bloco B - 2º andar 05804-902 - São Paulo - SP - Brasil Mr. Fabio Encinas Phone : (+55) 11 3741-2964 Fax : (+55) 11 3741-2998 E-mail : [email protected]


Buna® EP – The Versatile ElastomerT

able

4: B

un

a® E

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g u

nit

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un

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gh

tb

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n(w

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g)

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eric

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m)

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nt

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tics

per

pal

let

(kg

)(A

mer

ic. l

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pal

let

(cm

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nch

es)

T 2

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ble

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l7

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0 P

Pel

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N/A

N/A

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

N/A

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01

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ox9

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55

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ble

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25

55

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ble

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81

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ble

24

81

61

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i-cel

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24

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73

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T 4

96

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ales

35

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25

55

blac

k3

81

04

disp

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ble

30

N/A

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50

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ell

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30

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45

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LB

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25

55

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ble

30

74

81

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24

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73

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T 6

25

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25

55

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04

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ble

36

90

01

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52

cel

l1

16

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01

46

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T 6

46

5B

ales

35

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25

55

blac

k1

00

10

4st

rippa

ble

30

74

81

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73

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46

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55

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04

disp

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ble

30

74

81

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i-cel

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73

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T 6

47

0E

Z-M

ix B

ales

35

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25

55

clea

r5

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sper

sibl

e3

07

48

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50

2 c

ell

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62

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47

0 P

Pel

lets

n.a.

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4

0

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r

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0

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5

strip

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e 5

0 b

ags

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00

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00

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4

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0

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65

0

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es

3

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5

55

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ear

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0

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sper

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e

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90

01

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cel

l 1

16

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46

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86

1

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es

3

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42

5

55

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0

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sper

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90

0

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cel

l 1

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01

46

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65

0

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es

3

5 /

71

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2

5

55

cl

ear

5

0

1

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sper

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e

36

90

01

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5

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46

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04

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VP

B

ales

35

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25

5

5

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k

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04

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rippa

ble

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48

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3

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KA

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31

)

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05

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es

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k

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ble

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sper

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5

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r

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ble

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40

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ble

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40

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es

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sper

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5

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ble

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es

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25

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w

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40

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3

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0

25

55

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ear

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8-9

6

disp

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ble

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1

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5

w

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n

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3/1

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7

40

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46

0

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ble

Bal

es3

5 /

51

/

20

4

4

clea

r

50

88

-96

di

sper

sibl

e

30

60

0

1.3

20

woo

den

1

03

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1/1

47

4

0.6

/47

.6/5

7.9

G 8

85

0

Bal

es

3

5 /

51

/

25

5

5

clea

r

60

88

-96

di

sper

sibl

e

35

87

5

1.9

25

woo

den

1

03

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1/1

47

4

0.6

/47

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7.9


Tab

le 5

: Tra

nsp

orta

tion

cap

acit

y re

qu

irem

ents

for

Bu

na®

EP

Bu

na®

EP

Cap

acit

y of

20

C

apac

ity

of 2

0

Cap

acit

y of

40

C

apac

ity

of 4

0C

apac

ity

ofC

apac

ity

ofC

apac

ity

of t

ruck

load

in E

uro

pe

foot

con

tain

erfo

ot c

onta

iner

fo

ot c

onta

iner

fo

ot c

onta

iner

U

S t

ruck

load

US

tru

cklo

ad(P

leas

e co

nta

ct L

AN

XE

SS

for

det

ails

)

(# p

alle

ts)

(met

ric

ton

s)(#

pal

lets

)(m

etri

c to

ns)

(# p

alle

ts)

(met

ric

ton

s)(#

pal

lets

) (m

etri

c to

ns)

T 2

07

01

3

1

0,6

22

18

,0

22

1

8,0

T 2

07

0 P

20

9,1

40

18

,2

40

1

8,2

2

4

10

,8

T 2

45

01

3

9

,8

2

4

1

8,0

2

4

18

,0

2

8 -

31

2

0.9

- 2

3.2

T 2

46

01

3

9

,8

2

4

1

8,0

2

4

18

,0

T 3

95

01

3

1

0,6

22

18

,0

22

1

8,0

28

- 3

1

22

.8 -

25

.3

T 4

96

91

3

9

,8

2

4

1

8,0

2

4

18

,0

28

- 3

1

20

.9 -

23

.2

T 5

45

9 C

L1

3

9

,8

2

4

1

8,0

25

1

8,8

28

- 3

1

20

.9 -

23

.2

T 6

25

01

4

1

2,6

20

18

,0

20

1

8,0

T 6

46

51

3

9

,8

2

4

1

8,0

24

1

8,0

28

- 3

1

20

.9 -

23

.2

T 6

46

51

3

9

,8

2

4

1

8,0

24

1

8,0

T 6

47

01

2

9

,0

2

4

1

8,0

2

4

18

,0

1

6 -

24

1

2 -

18

T 6

47

0 P

10

9,0

19

17

,1

19

1

7,1

2

0

21

,6

T 6

65

0

14

12

,6

2

0

1

8,0

20

1

8,0

27

- 3

1

24

.3 -

27

.9

T 6

86

1

14

12

,6

2

0

1

8,0

2

0

18

,0

1

6 -

24

1

4.4

- 2

1.6

T 9

65

0

14

12

,6

2

0

1

8,0

20

1

8,0

16

- 2

4

14

.4 -

21

.6

T 4

04

0 (

VP

KA

89

31

)1

3

9

,8

2

4

1

8,0

2

4

18

,0

All

Bun

a E

P T

gra

des

ex E

urop

e (M

arl):

in 2

0'-c

onta

iner

: 11

pal

lets

; in

40

'-con

tain

er: 2

4 p

alle

ts.

Exc

eptio

ns:

in 2

0'-c

onta

iner

: T 6

47

0 =

6 p

alle

ts;

T 6

65

0, T

68

61

, T 9

65

0 =

7 p

alle

ts; T

64

70

P =

8 p

alle

ts

in 4

0'-c

onta

iner

: T 6

47

0, T

66

50

, T 6

86

1, T

96

50

= 1

4 p

alle

ts; T

64

70

P =

18

pal

lets

.

G 2

05

0

20

12

,5

4

2

2

6,3

4

2

26

,3

24

1

5,0

G 2

44

0

10

8,8

21

18

,4

21

1

8,4

2

4

21

,0

G 2

47

0

10

8,8

21

18

,4

21

1

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9 L

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21

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G 8

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G 8

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,0

* = Trial product(VP = Versuchsprodukt = trial product). The information contained herein is merely prelimi-

nary data. Testing as to properties and applications is not final. Further information, including

data which could change or add hazards with use, may be developed. Such information may

be needed to properly evaluate or use this product. Use is undertaken at the sole risk of the

user.

** These items are provided as general information only. They are approximate values and are

not considered part of the product specifications.

*** As with any product, use of the products mentioned in this publication in a given application

must be tested (including field testing, etc.) by user in advance to determine suitability.

Food contactInformation concerning compliance with FDA and BfR regulations can be obtained on request

from the Health, Safety, Environment and Quality Department (HSEQ) of LANXESS Deutsch-

land GmbH or, in the USA, the Product Safety and Regulatory Affairs Department of LANXESS

Corporation.

Product safety: Relevant safety data and references as well as the possibly necessary warning labels are to be

found in the corresponding safety data sheets.

Health and Safety Information: Appropriate literature has been assembled which provides information concerning the health

and safety precautions that must be observed when handling the LANXESS products men-

tioned in this publication. For materials mentioned which are not LANXESS products, appro-

priate industrial hygiene and other safety precautions recommended by their manufacturers

should be followed. Before working with any of these products, you must read and become

familiar with the available information on their hazards, proper use and handling. This cannot

be overemphasized. Information is available in several forms, e.g., material safety data sheets

and product labels. Consult your LANXESS representative in Germany or contact the Health,

Safety, Environment and Quality Department (HSEQ) of LANXESS Germany or - for business

in the USA - the LANXESS Product Safety and Regulatory Affairs Department in Pittsburgh, PA.

Regulatory Compliance Information:Some of the end uses of the products described in this publication must comply with applica-

ble regulations, such as the FDA, BfR, NSF, USDA, and CPSC. If you have any questions on

the regulatory status of these products, contact your LANXESS Corporation representative, the

LANXESS Regulatory Affairs Manager in Pittsburgh, PA or the Health, Safety, Environment and

Quality Department (HSEQ) of LANXESS Germany.

The manner in which you use and the purpose to which you put and utilize our products, tech-

nical assistance and information (whether verbal, written or by way of production evaluations),

including any suggested formulations and recommendations, are beyond our control.

Therefore, it is imperative that you test our products, technical assistance and information to

determine to your own satisfaction whether they are suitable for your intended uses and appli-

cations. This application-specific analysis must at least include testing to determine suitability

from a technical as well as health, safety, and environmental standpoint. Such testing has not

necessarily been done by us. Unless we otherwise agree in writing, all products are sold strict-

ly pursuant to the terms of our standard conditions of sale. All information and technical assis-

tance is given without warranty or guarantee and is subject to change without notice. It is

expressly understood and agreed that you assume and hereby expressly release us from all lia-

bility, in tort, contract or otherwise, incurred in connection with the use of our products, techni-

cal assistance, and information.

Any statement or recommendation not contained herein is unauthorized and shall not bind us.

Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with

patents covering any material or its use. No license is implied or in fact granted under the

claims of any patent.

Forward-looking statementsThis product information contains forward-looking statements based on current assumptions

and forecasts made by the LANXESS AG management. Various known and unknown risks,

uncertainties and other factors could lead to material differences between the actual future

consolidated results, financial situation, development or performance of the company, and the

estimates given here. The company assumes no liability to update such forward-looking state-

ments or to adapt to future events or development.

Buna® is a Registered Trademark of LANXESS Deutschland GmbH

Note: The information contained in this publication is current asof May 2007. Please contact your LANXESS representative todetermine if this publication has been revised.

Order no.: LXS-KA 022usEdition: 2007-05Printed in Germany

LANXESS Buna GmbH45772 MarlGermany

www.lanxess.com

LANXESS Buna LLC111 RIDC Park West DrivePittsburgh, PA 15275-1112

www.us.lanxess.com

Sales offices worldwide: www.sales-offices-trp.lanxess.com

the versatile elastomer - lanxess

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