© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 1

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The Turn-of-the-Century World

This colonial school was located in Dar Es Salaam, the center of German East Africa. Notice the pictures of the German Emperor Wilhelm II and Empress Augusta Victoria on the wall.

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© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 2

The Turn-of-the-Century World

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The siege at Port Arthur was the longest and most violent land battle of the Russo-Japanese War. The battle and the war ended with a Japanese victory.

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 3

The Turn-of-the-Century World

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Chinese nationalists wanted foreigners out of their country. During the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, peasants targeted Christians and Western missionaries in an effort to drive them out of China.

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 4

Empires in Europe

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This cartoon from 1888 shows the members of the Triple Alliance as the three daughters of the Greek god Zeus who control human destiny—in this case the fate of Europe.

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 5

Empires in Europe

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By the early 1900s, the Ottoman Empire was in serious trouble on all sides. This image from 1905 shows an assassination attempt made against Sultan Abdul Hamid in Constantinople.

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 6

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The borders, interests, and ambitions of the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman empires came together on Europe’s Balkan Peninsula.

Empires in Europe

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 7

World War I and Its Consequences

British soldiers go over the top in the trenches during the first Battle of the Somme in 1916. On the first day of the battle, more than 20,000 British soldiers died and some 40,000 were injured.

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© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 8

World War I and Its Consequences

These German delegates to the Paris Peace Conference were unable to prevent the Treaty of Versailles from punishing Germany with massive reparations and territorial losses.

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© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 9

Italy and Germany adopted extreme solutions to their problems after World War I. Both countries became ruled by dictators. Here, we see Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini in a 1938 parade in Germany.

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World War I and Its Consequences

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© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 10

Chiang Kaishek began a military campaign to unite China. He defeated the warlords and expelled the communists from the Nationalist government that he led from 1928 to 1949.

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World War I and Its Consequences

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 11

On September 1, 1939, Hitler sent German forces along with columns of tanks to invade and occupy Poland.

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A Second World War

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A Second World War

The East End of London was a smoldering ruin after the German bombing campaign known as the Blitz. German pilots dropped bombs on London almost nightly in an attempt to destroy morale.

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 13

A British pilot stenciled another swastika on his aircraft to add to his tally of German planes shot down.

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A Second World War

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 14

Leaders of the Allies met at the Yalta Conference in 1945. Seated, from left to right, are British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin.

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The Postwar World

© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Era Overview: Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945 15

Jewish immigrants from Europe raised the Israeli flag in their cooperative farming community in northern Israel in 1949.

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The Postwar World