the triumph of industry united states history chapter 13 prentice hall
TRANSCRIPT
THE TRIUMPH OF INDUSTRY
UNITED STATES HISTORY CHAPTER 13 PRENTICE HALL
WHERE US 1 ENDS AND US 2 BEGINS…
1865- THE CIVIL WAR ENDS
1867- THE SOUTH PLACED UNDER MILITARY RULE
1876- CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION
1877- RECONSTRUCTION ENDS
CORLISS STEAM ENGINE
CENTENNIAL EXHIBIT
PHILADELPHIA, 1876
VOCABULARY
ENTREPRENEUR
PROTECTIVE TARIFF
LAISSEZ FAIRE
PATENT
BESSEMER PROCESS
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
TIME ZONE
MASS PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
ENCOURAGING INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
• THE CIVIL WAR TRANSFORMED INDUSTRY
• PRODUCTS HAD TO BE MADE MORE QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY
• FACTORIES INTRODUCED NEW METHODS AND TOOLS
• THE FOOD INDUSTRY DEVELOPED PROCESSED FOODS
• RAILROADS EXPANDED
• NEW POWER SOURCES WERE DEVELOPED
• IMMIGRATION INCREASED TO MEET DEMAND FOR LABOR
NATURAL RESOURCERS FUEL GROWTH
• EASTERN COAL MINES• FORESTS NATIONWIDE• NAVIGABLE RIVERS• OIL (EDWIN DRAKE)
– TITUSVILLE, PA (1859)
THE WORKFORCE GROWS
• IMMIGRATION INCREASED AFTER THE CIVIL WAR– 1881- 750,000 IMMIGRANTS
– 1905- 1,000,000 PER YEAR
• IMMIGRANTS WORKED FOR LOW WAGES• IMMIGRANTS WERE WILLING TO MOVE IN
PUSUIT OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY• NEW AGRICULTURAL METHODS REDUCED
THE NUMBER OF FARMERS NEEDED
CAPITALISM ENCOURAGES ENTREPRENEURS
• CAPITALISM- FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM– INDIVIDUALS OWN MOST BUSINESSES
– ENTREPRENEURS- PEOPLE WHO INVEST MONEY IN A PRODUCT OR ENTERPRISE IN ORDER TO MAKE A PROFIT
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ENCOURAGE FREE ENTERPRISE
• GOVERNMENT GAVE LAND TO RAILROADS IN RETURN FOR PROMISE TO QUICKLY LINK EAST AND WEST COASTS
• CONGRESS PASSED PROTECTIVE TARIFFS– TAXES ON IMPORTED GOODS MADE LOCAL
PRODUCTS MORE AFFORDABLE• GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGED LAISSEZ-FAIRE POLICIES
– BUSINESSES OPERATING WITH MINIMAL GOVERNMENT CONTROL
• LEGAL SYSTEM ENFORCED PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS
INNOVATION DRIVES THE NATION
• ELECTRICITY TRANSFORMS LIFE– THOMAS EDISON INVENTS LIGHT BULB (1880)
– EDISON HELPS DEVELOP CENTRAL POWER PLANTS TO LIGHT CITIES
– GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE DEVELOPS TECHNOLOGY TO SEND ELECTRICITY OVER LONG DISTANCES
Total Patents Granted
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915
REVOLUTIONIZING COMMUNICATIONS
• SAMUEL MORSE –TELEGRAPH (1844)
• ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL- TELEPHONE (1876)
• GUGLIELMO MARCONI- WIRELESS TELEGRAPH (1896)
MORSE CODE
STEEL- A PRACTICAL WONDER
• HENRY BESSEMER- DEVELOPS BESSEMER PROCESS THAT MAKES STRONG, LIGHTWEIGHT STEEL
• STEEL MADE THE CONSTRUCTION OF SKYSCRAPERS POSSIBLE
• BY 1890, THE US WAS PRODUCING MORE STEEL THAN ENGLAND
• STEEL ALSO MADE POSSIBLE THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES– SUSPENSION BRIDGES- ROADWAY IS SUSPENDED BY STEEL
CABLES
– BROOKLYN BRIDGE COMPLETED IN 1873• JOHN A. ROEBLING
TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSPORTATION
• WESTINGHOUSE- AIRBRAKES FOR TRAINS• WOODS- TELEGRAPH SYSTEM FOR TRAINS• SWIFT- REFRIGERATED RR CARS• BY 1883, 3 TRANCONTINENTAL RR LINES WERE
IN OPERATION
• ELECTRIC STREETCARS, COMMUTER TRAINS & SUBWAYS ALLOWED FOR COMMUTING FROM SUBURBS
• WRIGHT BROTHERS COMPLETED 1ST SUCCESSFUL AIRPLANE FLIGHT IN 1903 IN KITTY HAWK, NC
• 1884, WORLD DIVIDED INTO 24 TIME ZONES– TIME ZONES- ONE TIME ZONE PER EACH
HOUR OF THE DAY
A SPIRAL OF GROWTH
• BECAUSE RR’S COULD CARRY LARGE AMOUNTS OF GOODS QUICKLY, BUSINESSES COULD OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS EASILY AND SELL FINISHED GOODS TO MORE CONSUMERS
• THIS FOSTERED NEW METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT BY THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY
• THIS STIMULATED INNOVATION IN MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES
• THIS SPIRAL OF GROWTH ALLOWED FACTORIES TO GET LARGER AND CAUSED A NEED FOR MORE FACTORIES
• TO MEET GROWING DEMAND, OWNERS DEVELOPED MASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS– MASS PRODUCTION- SYSTEMS FOR TURNING OUT
LARGE NUMBERS OF PRODUCTS QUICKLY AND INEXPENSIVELY
• MASS PRODUCTION REQUIRED MACHINERY TO CARRY OUT TASKS ONCE DONE BY HAND
LINKING WORLD MARKETS
• BY 1880, THE US DOMINATED INTERNATIONAL GRAIN, STEEL AND TEXTILE MARKETS
• THE US HAD AS MANY MILES OF RR AS THE REST OF THE WORLD COMBINED
CHANGING AMERICAN SOCIETY
• AS FARMS BECAME MORE MECHANIZED, MANY PEOPLE MOVED TO URBAN AREAS TO FIND WORK
• MORE GOODS WERE AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE
• COST OF LIVING INCREASED• PEOPLE WERE DEPENDENT ON CASH WAGES• MANY JOBS WERE REPETITIVE FACTORY JOBS
THINKING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT
• INDUSTRIAL WASTE FROM FACTORIES INCREASED
• MINING DESTROYED LARGE AREAS OF LAND AND POLLUTED WATER
• INCREASED FARMING LED TO EROSION AND DUST STORMS
• CONGRESS CREATED THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND BEGAN TO SET ASIDE LAND FOR THE PUBLIC– YELLOWSTONE PARK WAS CREATED IN 1872
