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The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) Germany Gets The Shaft

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Page 1: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919)Germany Gets The Shaft

Page 2: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Background

Peace settlement signed after WWI in the shadow of the Russian Revolution

The continent of Europe had been devastated

Casualties: >35 million, 17 million deaths

The homes of 750,000 French were destroyed and the infrastructure of the region was severely damaged.

Page 3: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Background

Victims were in no mood to be charitable, to Germany in particular

At a similar time, Spanish flu killed 25 million people. This added to the bitterness towards Germany

Page 4: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

The Big Three

The treaty was signed on June 28, 1919 after months of negotiations between the “Big Three”

Big Three: Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.

Very different perspectives on what should occur

Page 5: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

David Lloyd George

Two views:

Public View - Be tough on Germany

Privately - Feared Russia more… Didn’t want Germany to shift towards communism

Page 6: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Georges Clemenceau

Wanted Germany brought to its knees so that it could never start another war.

The French public wanted the same thing.

Felt that France was hit the hardest

Page 7: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Woodrow WilsonGrowing desire in US to adopt policy of isolation and leave Europe to its own devices.

Wilson, despite developing the idea of a League of Nations, wanted American input into Europe to be kept to a minimum.

Wanted a solution that would lead to European reconciliation as opposed to revenge.

Page 8: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

The Final DraftIn the end all three were reasonably happy.

For Clemenceau, it looked like Germany had been smashed.

Lloyd George was satisfied that there was enough German power to act as a buffer to communist expansion.

Wilson was just happy it was over and he could go home.

Page 9: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Terms of the Treaty - Territorial

Germany was deprived of 13.5% of its territory, and with it their empire

Alsace-Lorraine returned to France, Belgium enlarged

East Prussia to Lithuania, Sudettenland to Czechoslovakia.

Page 10: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Terms of the Treaty - Military

Army reduced to 100,000

No tanks, airforce, or u-boats

Demilitarized zone in the Rhineland

Page 11: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Terms of the Treaty - Financial

The loss of vital industrial territory

Germany would have to pay reparations, mostly to Belgium and France (basically a blank cheque)

$31.5 billion… more than they could ever pay

Page 12: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Terms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause

Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war.

Page 13: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

German Reaction When the Germans agreed to the armistice in 1918 they were given the impression they would be treated fairly and consulted on the treaty. This didn’t happen.

The first time they saw the treaty was only a few weeks before they were to sign it.

There was anger throughout Germany but German leaders knew they had no choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war again.

Germany was given two choices: sign the treaty or be invaded by the Allies.

Page 14: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

Consequences

Left a mood of anger throughout Germany.

Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant financial penalties.

German resentment sowed the fertile psychological ground for the eventual rise of the Nazi party.

Page 15: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant
Page 16: The Treaty of Versailles (PARIS, 1919) · PDF fileTerms of the Treaty - War Guilt Clause ... Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant

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