Assignment one

Part B

weilian liu

Introduction For my presentation I have chosen the topic of "the transport of wine over long distances" I used the library and

internet to do my research.

base all my work from the research .and I will going to use the PowerPoint slide to do the flowing presentation.

First I will discuss the methods that were used for transporting wine by Romans and Greeks in ancient times. than I will discuss the methods that used by the modern wine industry for transporting wine. next I will compare these ancient and modern methods and the environmental impact. and talking about the advantage and disadvantage for each modern methods. also I will discuss the influences transporting wine has had on the overall industry. finally I will talk about the challenges for the future of transporting wine. with a spical focrs on environmental impact.

The earthenware Greeks and Romans were Commonly used for transport wine in the past.

Amphorae

neck amphorae

one-piece amphora

Dolia

Barrel

AmphoraThe ancient Greeks and Romans used amphorae to transport their wine and store their wine and grapes.

They transported wine with amphorae in the Mediterranean until round about 7th

century CE.(wikipdia. n.d.)

They packed them together, with ropes passed through their handles to prevent breaking or toppling during rough Mediterranean seas. Around the 7th century BCE they change to using the one-piece amphora. On the top right hand side is the neck amphora. And on the bottom right hand side is the one-piece amphora. Why they changed may be that the neck amphora neck and body is the sharp angle. It can’t stand up and is easily to broken or toppling so will be hard for transport.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphora

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphora

DoliaDolia are much larger than amphorae. western in European were used to transport wine and store wine and grapes. It is so risky for using these dolia in the ancient time. because it is big and heavy. At that times so many shipwrecks happened for carrying the dolia.(wikipedia. n.d.)

BarrelBarrels have been used by Europeans round

about 2000 years ago. (wikipedia. n.d.)Even now we still use them. it is very useful for making wine. It can effect the wine’s color, flavor and tannin to became better wine. low level exposure to oxyen.and control the temperature well. also can be used them to transport wine . To compare the European barrel to the American barrel .American oak tends to be more intensely flavoured with more sweet and vanilla. Most winemakers will use the American oak barrel.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolium

Example the materials they currently use for transport wine.-Flexi tanks

-Bottles

-Cardboard casks

Flexi tank

Transporting wine with flexi tanks will be cheaper than the bottles also cost less energy and carbon emissions. but high levels CO2 sparing. more risk than transporting with bottles. If just a small problem happens will be possible to lose all the wine. and spoilage, oxidation due to defective a seal on tank.

http://eitonline.eit.ac.nz/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=87087

Transporting with bottlesThere are many packing options to protect the wine during the transport

example are Corrugated cardboard , Molded pulp , Molded PET plastic , EPS Tinney, MC. (2009).Transport with bottle will be expensive than using a flexi tank and costs too much energy. Also more carbon emissions .expensive to recycling. spoilage oxidation reduction due to temperature fluctuations during transport. But it is more safe than the flexi tank for example if the wine bottles break spoilage oxidation during the transport may be just the few bottleslost. I think changing glass bottles to plastic will be better or lower the glass bottle’s weight. so can save more energy. and cut the carbon emissions down

Transportation wine in cardboard casksAdvantage for using the cardboard casks are not so easy to break during the transportation. cheaper. and get ready for sale when is arrived. convenient for the winery and the purchaser. easy to be recycling. save a lot of energy than the bottles .and less carbon emissions . Disadvantage for use cardboard cask not clean, less people will buy because it appears to not high class enough.

To compare the methods used for transporting wine between ancient and modernthe ancient methods are riskier then the modern methods. The wine will be easy to lose during the transporting even their lives too. Also the earthenware their used not control the temperature as well as the modern transport methods.If we compare with the environmental impact .the ancient methods better than the modern methods .because the ancient methods haven’t left any carbon foot print in each transportation.

Influences transporting wine has had on the overall industryThe wine transportation is success in New Zealand as they just need to have a good land for growing grapes and making wines. All the wine make from one place and then can export to over seas. The more people the wine industry hire allows more people buying their wines. Also can provide the local people with work to do. In the early times people were just drinking the local wine. At that time there was no export wine to over seas or from over seas. the people want to try some new variety of the wine. which is from other country. They don’t want just stay on one Variety.

In the future the most important challenge for the wine industry is the carbon emissions. The carbon emissions can change the climate. When the climate change can be impact the growing. Also a lot of people may die because of the carbon emissions. The Government will charge more tax on the product that come from over sea. So the product will be become more expensive. There are some ways to reduce the carbon emissions, like the Maersk transport company who will change the bigger size ships, or the wine industry can lower the wine bottles weight or change the glass bottle to plastic bottles. Also the Government politics a challenge in the future too. For example the world war .If they are not friendly to each other can impact the export .

Conclusion While I was doing this presentation I learned how wine was transport by the ancient Greeks and Romans. What

methods they used, and also how the modern industry transports wine. And the impact transporting has had on the overall wine industry. I learned that the carbon emissions will become the biggest challenge for the futuru.

The challenges for wine transport over long distances in future

References:Boehmer, A. (2008). Why Good Wines Go Bad. Retrieved from

http://www.suite101.com/content/why-good-wines-go-bad-a66614Carbon emissions from shipping come under scrutiny. (2011). Retrieved from

http://www.globe-net.com/articles/2011/february/23/carbon-emissions-from-shipping-come-under-scrutiny.aspx?sub=15Evans, A. (2008). The shipping sector’s carbon footprint. Retrieved from

http://www.globaldashboard.org/2008/01/15/the-shipping-sectors-carbon-footprint/Packaging roundup. (2011). Retrieve from

http://www.winebusiness.com/wbm/?go=getArticle&dataId=88152Steele, C. (n.d.). Week 13: Trans Ocean Australia [Letter]. Retrieved form Eastern Institute of Technology EIT Online Web site:

http://eitonline.eit.ac.nz/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=87087Tinney, MC. (2009). Product review: wine shippers. Retrieve from

http://www.winebusiness.com/wbm/?go=getArticle&dataId=62877Wine Oak. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_(wine)Amphora container. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmphoraDlium. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolium