The Threshold of The Threshold of Ephemeroptera Ephemeroptera Sustainability Sustainability Within Small Streams of the Upper Ocmulgee Within Small Streams of the Upper Ocmulgee

WatershedWatershed

Research Student: Jennifer WebbResearch Student: Jennifer Webb

Research Advisor: Christopher Kodani Ph.D.Research Advisor: Christopher Kodani Ph.D.

IntroductionIntroduction

Previous researchPrevious research Stream quality vs. land usageStream quality vs. land usage

MacroinvertebratesMacroinvertebrates Vary in sensitivity to environmentVary in sensitivity to environment Good indicator of quality within streamsGood indicator of quality within streams

Surrounding area correlates to stream qualitySurrounding area correlates to stream quality

MayfliesMayflies

EphemeropteraEphemeroptera– Characteristic traits:Characteristic traits:

Long, flat bodiesLong, flat bodies 3 tails3 tails GillsGills

– SensitiveSensitive

– ShreddersShredders CPOMCPOM

– Algae Algae – DetritusDetritus

Purpose of StudyPurpose of Study

To determine the specific type of woody To determine the specific type of woody debris mayfly larvae prefer.debris mayfly larvae prefer.

Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods GA Adopt-A-Stream Monitoring ProtocolsGA Adopt-A-Stream Monitoring Protocols

– PhysicalPhysical– ChemicalChemical– BiologicalBiological

StreambedStreambed vegetative banksvegetative banks woody debriswoody debris

– Was not adequateWas not adequate

Visual linear assessments Visual linear assessments – Small woody debrisSmall woody debris– Logs/meterLogs/meter

DataData– Collected between January and March 2008Collected between January and March 2008– Sampled 7 sites of different land usage.Sampled 7 sites of different land usage.

Land UsageLand Usage

Parking LotParking Lot

Land UsageLand Usage

Suburban ParkSuburban Park

Land UsageLand Usage

ForestForest

ResultsResults

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Parking Lot Sub Park Forest

Sum of Ephemeroptera

Parking Lot Sub Park Forest

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Parking Lot Sub Park Forest

Small Woody Debris & Logs/m per Land Usage Type

Parking Lot Sub Park Forest

Sum of Ephemeroptera per Land Usage Type

Linear RegressionLinear Regression

Tests for relationship between X and Y Tests for relationship between X and Y valuesvalues

RR22 ranges from 0 to 1 ranges from 0 to 1

– 0 = no relationship (Sample B)0 = no relationship (Sample B)

– 1 = complete relationship (Sample A)1 = complete relationship (Sample A)

Sample A

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sample B

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Is There Any Relationship?Is There Any Relationship?x y xy x2 y2

0.15 0 0 0.0225 0

2.47 207 511.29 6.1009 42849

0.15 0 0 0.0225 0

0.68 43 29.24 0.4624 1849

0.21 0 0 0.0441 0

0.37 10 3.7 0.1369 100

0.02 67 1.34 0.0004 4489

n Σx Σy Σ(xy) Σ(x2) Σ(y2)

7 4.05 327 545.57 6.7897 49287

(Σx)2 (Σy)2

16.4025 106929

ResultsResults

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Am

ount

of M

ayfli

es F

ound

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3A

mou

nt o

f May

flies

Avg. Small Woody Debris Logs/m

Mayflies vs. Avg. Small Woody Debris Mayflies vs. Logs/m

May

flie

s

May

flie

s

R2logs=0.84R2woody=0.005

Amount of Mayflies vs. Average Logs/meter

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Logs/meter

Am

ou

nt

of

May

flie

s

ConclusionsConclusions

Mayfly larvae prefer coarse woody debrisMayfly larvae prefer coarse woody debris– Need more sites!!!Need more sites!!!

1-2 logs/m range1-2 logs/m range

Future research:Future research:– Is there an interaction between substrate type, Is there an interaction between substrate type,

mayflies & woody debris?mayflies & woody debris?

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Dr. Christopher KodaniDr. Christopher Kodani Anne Stahley & Brett WilliamsAnne Stahley & Brett Williams James MooreJames Moore Clayton State UniversityClayton State University

– Dept. of Natural SciencesDept. of Natural Sciences Georgia Adopt-A-StreamGeorgia Adopt-A-Stream Henry County Water AuthorityHenry County Water Authority Stockbridge High SchoolStockbridge High School Panola Mountain State ParkPanola Mountain State Park Hidden Valley ParkHidden Valley Park Duffey ParkDuffey Park Gardner ParkGardner Park

Questions?Questions?

DO AnalysisDO Analysis

8 drops Manganous Sulfate8 drops Manganous Sulfate 8 drops Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide8 drops Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide InvertInvert 8 drops Sulfuric Acid8 drops Sulfuric Acid

TitrationTitration– Used Sodium ThiosulfateUsed Sodium Thiosulfate– Added starch indicator when pale yellowAdded starch indicator when pale yellow

pHpH