the terrestrial planets, part iii mars. mars the god of war
TRANSCRIPT
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The Terrestrial Planets,Part III
Mars
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MARSThe God of War
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Physical Data
Diameter: 6,794 km (0.531 Dearth)
Mass: 6.40x1027 g (0.107 Mearth) Density: 3.96 g/cm3
Rotation Period: 24.6 hours Tilt of Axis: 25o
Surface Temperature: 130-290 K
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Physical Data
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 1.524 AU Orbital Period: 1.881 years Orbital Inclination: 2o
Orbital Eccentricity: 0.093 Surface Gravity: 0.38 Earth Gravity
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Physical Data
Satellites: 2 Magnetic Field: no
Surface Pressure: 0.01 Earth’s Pressure
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Mars’ Interior
Relatively small core size compared to the mantle
Smallest core of all the terrestrial planets compared to the overall volume (~9%)
Exact composition of mantle is unknown
3393 km
1520 km
CORE( iron +
iron sulfide )
MANTLE( iron-magnesium
silicates ? )
CRUST( aluminum silicates )
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Mars’ Atmosphere
Clouds
Planet-wide Clouds( from Hubble)
A Cyclonic Event
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Mars’ Atmosphere
95% Carbon Dioxide 2.7% Nitrogen 1.6% Argon 0.6% Carbon Monoxide 0.15% Oxygen 0.03% Water Vapor (variable)
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Mars’ Surface
Polar Caps: Composed of both carbon
dioxide and water
South Polar Cap: Consists mainly of frozen
carbon dioxide. This cap never melts
completely. This picture shows it at
its minimum size of 400 km (249 miles).
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Mars’ SurfaceNorth Polar Cap: Consists of mainly water-
ice.
Seasonal Changes: When spring begins in a
hemisphere, the corresponding cap shrinks as the carbon dioxide turns directly into a gas.
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Mars’ Surface
Polar caps change in size depending on the Martian seasons.
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Mars’ Surface
Olympus Mons: Largest mountain
(volcano) in the Solar System
24 km (78,000 ft) high Base is 500 km in
diameter Rimmed by a 6 km
(20,000 ft) high cliff
500 km
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Mars’ Surface
Valles Marineris: Huge canyon Would stretch coast to
coast across the U.S. It is 4000 km (2500
miles) long and up to 6 km (4 miles) deep
4000 km
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Mars’ Surface
Flight over the Martian Terrain, includingValles Marineris and Three Volcanos
m
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Mars’ Surface
Viking Lander: Landed in Chryse
Planitia on July 20, 1976 Took panoramic pictures
of the surface On-board experiments
tested soil for signs of life. Results were inconclusive.
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Mars’ Surface
Viking Photos:
To the right: Morning ground frost
Below: Panoramaand Mars’ pink sky.
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Mars’ Surface
Pathfinder Photos:
Rover and “Yogi”
Martian Sunset
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Mars’ Surface
Water on Mars? There is evidence of
liquid water once flowing over the surface of Mars.
Fluvial Features: Created by water
flowing around a crater (right). Probably caused by a flood.
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Mars’ Surface
Dry Riverbeds: Created by slow
erosion of running water.
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Mars’ SurfaceDust Storms: Mars’ surface winds
churn up surface material
Storm sizes range in size from small local “dust-devils” to plumes that sweep over the entire planet (right)
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Mars’ Moons
PHOBOS:
“Phobos” is Greek for “fear”Mars’ innermost moonSize: 27 x 21.6 x 18.8 km
Above: Crater Stickney
Left: Image by Soviet spacecraft Phobos 2, launched in 1988
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Mars’ Moons
DEIMOS:
“Deimos” is Greek
for “panic”
Smallest known moon
in the solar system:
15 x 12.2 x 11 km
Phobos and Deimos are probably captured asteroids
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Martian Myths of Yesterday Canals of Mars: “Discovered” by G.V. Schiaparelli in 1877 Percival Lowell (below) built an observatory in
1894 pricipally for the study of the Martian canals The canals are actually optical illusions
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Martian Myths of Today “The Face”: Lies in the Cydonia
region, a region of weathered, isolated hills
One hill resembling a face was photograghed by Viking 1
Some people believe this is a monument builtby a Martian intelligence, and that other surfacefeatures resemble pyramids, cities, and fortresses