the inner planets - ms. toal's science class · 2019. 12. 1. · the inner planets •write...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Inner Planets
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• WRITE WHAT IS
UNDERLINED
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Terrestrial Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
• Rocky Surfaces
• No rings
• No or Few Moons (compared to the Jovians)
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Jovian Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
• Gas Surfaces
• rings
• Many Moons or Satellites (compared to the
Terrestrials)
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Mercury
The “winged-foot” messenger of the gods.
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Moon with
Earthshine
Mercury
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First Telescopically Observed by By
Galileo in 1609
• Mercury
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PLANET DATA Planet Period of
Rotation
(Earth Days)
Average
Distance
from sun AU)
Period of
Revolution
(Earth days)
Number of
Moons
Mercury 176 days .39 88 days 0 Venus
Earth 1 day 1 AU 365.25 days 1
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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Smallest of the Terrestrial Planets
Mercury transits the Sun
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First visited by
Mariner 10, 1974
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Bright Rayed Craters
What is the surface like?
Mercury is heavily
cratered, like the Moon.
The Sun is 10 times
brighter than on Earth
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Venus
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The goddess of love
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First telescopically observed by
• Galileo in 1609
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Venus - Our “Sister” Planet
• Until 1950 scientists believed Venus
was covered with
Rain Forests
and possibly inhabited by
Photosynthetic, Alien,
Human-like, Life forms
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PLANET DATA Planet Period of
Rotation
(Earth Days)
Average
Distance from
sun (AU)
Period of
Revolution
(Earth Years)
Number of
Moons
Mercury 176 days .39 88 days 0
Venus 243 days .72 225 days 0
Earth 1 day 1 365.25 days 1
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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View from Venera 14
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Mariner 10 Flyby in 1974
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Facts about Venus
• Called “Earth’s Twin” (similar in size, mass,
density)
• In 1970, Russia sent a probe, “Venera 7” after
it landed, it lasted only 23 min – due to the
sulfuric acid atmoshere.
• Venera 7 was the first of 20 Russian missions.
• Daytime temperature: + 900 °F
• Night time Temperature: + 850 °F
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The Atmosphere of Venus
• Thick CO2
• Clouds made mostly of sulfuric acid
• Highly reflective light
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Volcanoes Volcanoes are a common terrain
feature: None in chains,
suggesting no plate tectonics
Pancake Domes
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The “Tick”
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Mars
The god of War
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The Planet Mars Planet Period of
Rotation
(Earth Days)
Average
Distance from
sun (AU)
Period of
Revolution
(Earth Years)
Number of
Moons
Mercury 176 days .39 88 days 0
Venus 243 days .72 225 days 0
Earth 1 day/24 hour 1 365.25 days 1
Mars 25 hours 1.5 AU 694 days 2
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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The Martian Record Book:
• Mars has the most
observable surface features
• The Largest Volcano in the solar system:
Olympus Mons
• The Largest Canyon in the solar system:
Valles Marineris
• The Largest impact basin in the solar system:
Hellas Basin
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The Atmosphere of Mars
• 95% CO2
• Thin atmosphere
• Appears Pink (suspended dust particles)
• Thin clouds of Carbon Dioxide and Water.
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CO2 Snow: (-110 °F (-80 °C))
Mars has:
seasons because it has a tilted axis
Causes: dust storms
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Spirit and Opportunity
Mars Exploration Rovers (MER)
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Landscape Imaged by Spirit
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Victoria Crater
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
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Olympus Mons Shield Volcano - last erupted 300 Myr
• 300 mile diameter
• 15 miles high
• Caldera is 60 miles
across
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Valles Marineris
• 3,000 miles long
• 6 miles deep
• 400 miles across
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Evidence that Mars once
had liquid water.
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Viking I, July 4th 1976
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Water on Mars
• Sedimentation
layers resemble
similar terrains
on Earth
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Sedimentation Layers
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“Blueberries” - hematite-containing spherules
formed as water percolated through rock beds.
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Salt Deposits… formed by the evaporation…
minerals dissolved in liquid water
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Small streams feeding into a valley
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Satellites=Moons
2 moons are oddly shaped
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Phobos “Fear”
17 miles x 12 miles
orbital period: 8 hrs.
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Deimos “Panic”
• 10 miles x 6 miles
• covered with regolith
• Orbital period: 30 hrs
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Too Bizarre to be True
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The “Face”
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The “Happy Face”
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The “Heart”
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“The Butterfly”
The “Hotdog”
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• how curiosity landed on mars
• how spirit and opportunity landed on mars
• A year in Space: Mars
• one way ticket to Mars
• The Mars 100
• Mars One website
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The End