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The Study onTopographic Mapping for Greater KabulIn The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Supplement Report

January, 2011

The Study Team of

The study of Topographic Mapping for

Greater Kabul in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO)

i

PREFACE

In response to a request from the Government of Afghanistan,

the Government of Japan decided to conduct “The Study on

Topographic Mapping for Greater Kabul in the Islamic Republic

of Afghanistan” and entrusted the study to the Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

JICA selected and dispatched a study team, headed by Mr.

Akira NISHIMURA of KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. and consisting of

KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. and ASIA AIR SURVEY CO., LTD., between

February 2008 and November 2010.

The team held discussions with the officials concerned of

the Government of Afghanistan and conducted field surveys in the

added study area. Upon returning to Japan, the team conducted

further studies and prepared this final report.

I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of

digital topographic mapping and to the enhancement of friendly

relations between our two countries.

Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the

officials concerned of the Government of Afghanistan for their

close cooperation extended to the study.

January 2011

Kiyofumi KONISHI

Director General

Economic Infrastructure Department

Japan International Cooperation Agency

N.B: The English version is official, while the Dari version is for reference.

ii

Letter of Transmittal

Mr. Kiyofumi KONISHI

Director General

Economic Infrastructure Department

Japan International Cooperation Agency

It is a great honor to submit herewith the final report of the Study on Topographic Mapping for Greater Kabul in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This report incorporates the suggestions received from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and concerned authorities, as well as the agencies concerned of the Government of Afghanistan including the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO). During the Study, a digital topographic map at the scale of 1:5,000 for part of the city of Kabul was established, and the techniques (GPS survey, digital leveling, digital aerial triangulation, digital plotting/editing, and map symbolization) concerned with this work were transferred to the AGCHO. Furthermore, various activities (baseline study, topographic map demand survey, and seminar) were implemented. In this report, the processes and results of the study for the added study areas were described concretely. I hope that these results will be used by the agencies concerned of the Government of Afghanistan. On behalf of the study team, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to JICA, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and the agencies concerned for the valuable advice and cooperation they provided us during the implementation of this study. I would also like to extend my deep appreciation to the agencies concerned of the Government of Afghanistan, including AGCHO, for their generous assistance and cooperation during our stay in Afghanistan.

January 2011

Akira NISHIMURA Team Leader The Study on Topographic Mapping for Greater Kabul in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Location Map of Project Area

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Area for preparation 1:10,000 Area for preparation 1:5,000

- i -

CONTENTS Location Map

Chapter 1 Outline of project ..................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Background of project.....................................................................................1-1 1.2 Objectives of project .......................................................................................1-1 1.3 Scope of project..............................................................................................1-1

1.3.1 Outline of digital topographic mapping............................................................1-1 1.3.2 Outline of any other work................................................................................1-2

1.4 Project work schedule.....................................................................................1-2 1.4.1 Summary work schedule ................................................................................1-2

1.5 Project products..............................................................................................1-3

Chapter 2 Implementation and Results of Project .................................. 2-1

2.1 Basic Policies of project..................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Basic policies of project implementation .........................................................2-1

2.2 Contents of project work implemented............................................................2-1 2.2.1 Content and quantity of project work implemented.........................................2-1

2.3 Composition of Study Team ............................................................................2-5 2.4 The results of implemented project works ......................................................2-5

2.4.1 Project works timing........................................................................................2-5 2.4.2 Results of the project ......................................................................................2-5

1.1 Background of project

1-1

Chapter 1 Outline of project

1.1 Background of project

After over twenty years of civil war, the new government of the Islamic Republic of

Afghanistan (hereinafter Afghanistan) has been striving to rebuild the nation.

Assistance in this rebuilding is being implemented from a medium- to long-term perspective.

However, designing of reconstruction projects has been hampered by lack of accurate, up-to-date

topographic maps, even of urban areas. Such maps form the basis of economic and social

reconstruction programs.

Of the urban areas, in the city of Kabul, in particular, the population is increasing rapidly and

the urban area is expanding. Consequently, Kabul and the expanding urban areas are facing

various urban problems including a shortage of housing and water supply, deteriorating hygienic

conditions, traffic congestion and air pollution. Therefore, the formulation and implementation of

measures to combat and solve these problems was urgently required.

To this end, the Government of Afghanistan (GOA) submitted a request to the Government of

Japan (GOJ) for implementation of a study on preparation of topographic maps in Kabul.

In response to the above request, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

dispatched a preliminary study team and exchanged the Scope of Work (S/W) on 13th September

2007. JICA then implemented The Study on the topographic mapping for Greater Kabul in the

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (hereinafter the project) in accordance with the S/W.

1.2 Objectives of project

The objectives of the project are:

Digital topographic mapping of Kabul city on a scale of 1:5,000 and orthophoto mapping of Kabul and its surrounds on a scale of 1:10,000; and

Technical transfer of digital topographic mapping techniques to the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (hereinafter AGCHO) through the implementation of this project.

1.3 Scope of project

1.3.1 Outline of digital topographic mapping

Digital topographic maps were made for an area including central Kabul of 529 km2. The map

below shows this area:

1.4 Project work schedule

1-2

1.3.2 Outline of any other work

The following works were implemented as other work of project:

Making report

1.4 Project work schedule

1.4.1 Summary work schedule

The following is the summary work schedule of the project.

1.5 Project products

1-3

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

Work in Japan

Reports

Legend： Work in AfghanistanWork in JapanPreparation of Report

Field Survey

Fiscal 2009 Fiscal 2010

Phase 2

▲

▲

SupplementReport

The above schedule shows the project started in June 2010 and finished in January 2011.

1.5 Project products

（１） Project reports

The following reports were made and submitted:

a. Supplement Report

Main report English 3sets Dari 3sets

Summary Japanese 3sets

（２） Products

The following products were made and submitted during this project:

a. 1:5,000 topographic maps

Digital Data Files 20 sets

2.1 Basic Policies of project

2-1

Chapter 2 Implementation and Results of Project

2.1 Basic Policies of project

2.1.1 Basic policies of project implementation

The following were the basic policies of the project implementation:

Basic policy 1: Preparation of digital topographic and orthophoto maps based on global standards

Basic policy 2: Technology transfer – Assistance in the transition to digital photogrammetry techniques

Basic policy 3: Management of the work - Working in cooperation and with regard for the initiative of the counterpart (C/P)

Basic policy 4: Absolute guarantee of safety

2.2 Contents of project work implemented

2.2.1 Content and quantity of project work implemented

To achieve the objectives, the project work was divided into two parts.

Part 1: Digital topographic mapping

Part 2: Preparation of reports

（１） Digital topographic mapping

The composition, description and quantity of this work are outlined in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Outline and volume of digital topographic mapping

Work Item Outline of Work Work VolumeDigital plotting Digital plotting at the 5,000 level was conducted by

using the results of aerial triangulation, photo interpretation.

131km2

Digital editing Digital editing using digital plotting data was conducted in accordance with the map symbol regulation.

131km2

Supplementary field identification

The doubtful points arising from digital plotting/editing and the administrative boundaries and annotations were clarified in the field.

131km2

Supplementary digital editing

Digital data based on the results of Supplementary field identification were compiled.

131km2


2-2

Work Item Outline of Work Work Volume Map symbolization The digitally edited data based on the

Supplementary field identification were symbolized in accordance with the map symbol regulation.

131km2

Verification of the data for preparation of printout maps

The map data that have been symbolized were outputted and the output data were confirmed and approved by AGCHO.

131km2

Preparation of data files

The confirmed data for preparation of output maps were stored in media as data files

20 sets

（２） Reports

The name of the work and a summary of the work involved are given in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2 Summery of report

Work Item Outline of Work Preparation of Supplement Report

The supplementary report that described the outline, process and results of additional project work was prepared.

（３） Flowchart and detailed work schedule

The flowchart to show all the study works and the detailed work schedule are shown in the

following pages.


2-3

Fiscal year

Calendar month 2010. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2011. 1 2 3

Work divisionPhase 2

Report submission

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3


Digital plotting andediting/Digital editing

Team Leader

Photo control pointsurvey 1/ Field

Field identification 2/Supplementary field

Personnel planning

Stud

y w

ork

item

s

Wor

ksho

p/se

min

ars

(C)

Prep

arat

ion

of d

igita

l top

ogra

phic

map

s and

ort

hoph

oto

map

s (A

)V

arious

report

s (D

)

Project coordination 1

Tec

hnol

ogy

tran

sfer

(B)

Map symbolization


Consultation onspecifications/evaluatio

Photo control pointsurvey 2/

Topographical mappopularization

B-4Spatial and

aerialtriangulation

A-11Digitalediting

▲S/R

▲DF/R

A-12Supplementary

fieldidentification

▲F/R

C-2Workshop

C-3Seminar 2

A-13Supplementarydigital editing

A-16Preparation of data

files

D-3Explanation

andconsultationon the DraftFinal Report

D-4Preparation of

theFinal

Report

A-14Topographic map

symbolization

A-10Digitalplotting

D-５Preparation

of theSupplement

Report

B-7Map symbolization

Fig 2-1 Flowchart


2-4

Fiscal year25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Calendar month 2010. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2011. 1 2 3

Work division

Report submission

Preparation of digital topographic maps and orthophoto maps (A)

A-1 Preparatory work in Japan

A-2 Acquisition of satellite images data

A-3 Consideration of map symbol specifications and work standards

A-4 Aerial photography

A-5 Photo control point survey (GPS survey and leveling) and pricking

A-6 Aerial triangulation

A-7 Preparation of contour data

A-8 Preparation of orthophoto maps

A-9 Photo interpretation and field identification

A-10 Digital plotting

A-11 Digital Editing

A-12 Supplementary field identification

A-13 Supplementary digital editing

A-14 Topographic map symbolization

A-15 Verification of the data for preparation of printout maps

A-16 Preparation of data files

A-17Preparation of a topographic map management and popularizationplan

B-1 Consultation on the scope of the technology transfer through OJT

B-2 Photo control point survey (GPS survey and leveling) and pricking

B-3 Field identification (including supplementary field identification)

B-4 Spatial and aerial triangulation

B-5 Digital plotting

B-6 Digital editing (including supplementary digital editing)

B-7 Map symbolization

Workshop/seminars (C)

C-1 Seminar 1

C-2 Workshop

C-3 Seminar 2

Various reports (D)

D-1 Explanation and consultation on the Inception Report

D-2 Explanation and consultation on the Interim Report

D-3 Explanation and consultation on the Draft Final Report

D-4 Preparation of the Final Report

D-5 Preparation of the Supplement Report

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

Legend：　　　　　　　Work in Afghanistan Preparation of digital topographic maps and orthophoto maps Various reports

　　　　　　　Work in Japan Technology transfer



Consultation on specifications/Evaluation of technology transfer

Digital plotting and editing/Supplementary digital editing

Map symbolization

Topographic map popularization plan/quality control

Team leader

Photo control point survey 1/Field identification 1

Photo control point survey 2/Supplementary field identification 1

Filed identification 2/Supplementary field identification 2


Phase 2

　Personnel planni

Technology transfer (B)

▲DF/R

▲F/R

▲S/R

Table 2-3 Detailed work schedule

2.3 Composition of Study Team

2-5

2.3 Composition of Study Team

The following is the makeup of the Study Team that implemented the project.

Study Work in charge Name of Member

Main Work Items

Photo control point survey 2 and Supplementary field identification 1

Akira Nishimura

• Management and supervision of the Supplementary field identification for digital topographic mapping.

Field identification 2 and Supplementary field identification 2

Shunnsuke Tomimura

• Management and supervision of the Supplementary field identification for digital topographic mapping.

2.4 The results of implemented project works

2.4.1 Project works timing

The works and timing of each work is also outlined in the detailed work schedule in Table 2-3.

（１） Sixth work in Japan

Timing: 22 June 2010 to 22 July 2010

Works: A-10: Digital plotting

A-11: Digital editing

（２） Eighth work in Afghanistan

Timing: 18 October 2010 to 16 November 2010

Works: A-12: Supplementary field identification

（３） Seventh work in Japan

Timing: 17 November 2010 to 14 January 2011

Works: A-13: Supplementary digital editing

A-14: Map symbolization

A-16: Making data files

D-5: Preparation of supplementary report

2.4.2 Results of the project

The target area of the scale 1/5,000 topographic mapping was changed from 398 km2 to 529

km2. Fortunately, the photo control point survey and the aerial triangulation for the expanded

target area has already been carried out. Based on this fact, the work items for topographic

mapping following the aerial triangulation were carried out.

About the photo interpretation and the field identification using the aerial photo, the photo

interpretation based on experience and actual achievements was carried out during the digital


2-6

plotting and digital editing. The supplementary field identification was carried out as field

identification. The implemented volumes of 1/5,000 topographic mapping was 131km2, 17 sheets.

（１） Digital plotting

１）Preparation of an environment for digital plotting

The environment for digital plotting that was registered in the previous digital plotting

was reregistered. Also, the environment for digital plotting based on the digital data of aerial

photography and the results aerial triangulation including the calibration data of aerial

camera was registered.

２）Digital plotting

The 3-dimentional model images were reproduced under the registered environment. The

topographic features based on the map symbol specifications were acquired as 3-dimensional

data in point, line and polygon categories through photo interpretation. This was then

recorded in the memory media.

As the digital plotting was carried out by unit model, the tie conditions of the data

acquired between adjacent models were inspected to ensure the consistency of the adjacent

models.

３）Accuracy control

After all of the digital plotting by sheet was completed, any omissions and errors in the

plotting were inspected. The unclear points in the plotting were also compiled.

（２） Digital editing

１）Preparation of an environment for digital editing

The environment for digital editing that was registered in the previous digital editing was

reregistered. The environment for digital editing was based on the decided map symbol

specifications (Map style and symbols for 1/5,000 scale digital topographic map version 5.0).

２）Digital editing

The digital editing was implemented on the digital editing system for which

environmental settings were made and the digital topographic data (an acquired

point/direction, data type, joins between sheets) was edited based on the map symbol

specifications. Also, the joining editing was implemented between the new topographic data

and the existing topographic data.


After all of the digital editing work was over, the topographic maps from the edited data

were printed out, and on these maps the joins between sheets, omissions and errors were

inspected. Also, the unclear points that came up in the digital editing were compiled.


2-7

（３） Supplementary field identification

The supplementary field identification was mainly implemented by the AGCHO staff,

under the supervision of the Study Team.

１）Preparation

The following was prepared for the implementation of the supplementary field

identification.

＊Map printouts of digitally compiled data : 3 of each

＊Query list for digital plotting/editing : 1 set

＊Annotation data for each sheet (Excel file) : 1 set

２）Implementation structure of the supplementary field identification

After arriving in Kabul, the study team had a meeting with AGCHO and the following

implementation structure of the supplementary field identification was prepared.

Period：23, October 2010～11, November 2010

Number of survey teams : 6 survey teams

Each team : 1 technician, 2 assistants

: 1 car with driver

３）Collection of relevant documents

AGCHO was requested to gather the administrative boundaries and road types as relevant

documents and AGCHO has collected these relevant documents.

４）Implementation of the supplementary field identification

Although AGCHO implemented the supplementary field identification last time, the study

team explained how to carry out supplementary field identification. Based on the explanation,

the implementation structure (survey team, vehicle assignment) was explained.

The supplementary field identification was implemented by 6 survey teams after

undertaking the abovementioned preparations just before starting.

As for the actual implementation, the leader of each survey team was in charge of

managing the field and indoor work; while the Study Team supervised the supplementary

field identification by holding progress hearings with them when necessary.

The contents of the survey implemented were:

＊Confirmation of features and annotations indoors,

＊Confirmation of the uncertain points encountered during the digital plotting/editing in

the field and indoors.

＊ Collection of the topographic feature information based on the map symbol

specifications in the field that was not identified by the photo interpretation.

（４） Supplementary digital editing

The supplementary digital editing was implemented using the results of the supplementary


2-8

field identification.

１）Preparation of an environment for supplementary digital editing

The environment used for the supplementary digital editing was the same one that used in

the digital editing, because the map symbol specifications were not changed.

２）Supplementary digital editing

The supplementary digital editing was implemented as follows, using the response for the

uncertain points on the digital plotting/editing and the additional information in the

supplementary field identification, and the information of annotation.

・digital editing for the response of the uncertain points

・repositioning of additional and revised annotations

・revision of graphics relevant to the additional/revised annotations

・digital editing for the additional information of administrative names and boundaries


After all of the supplementary digital editing work was over, the topographic maps from

the edited data were printed out, and on these maps the joins between sheets, omissions and

errors were inspected.

（５） Map symbolization

The map symbolization was carried out targeting the topographic map data and the

marginal information data.

１）Map symbolization of the topographic data

The generation and processing of map symbols that were allocated a line type and width,

color, shape, and fonts based on the map symbol specifications were implemented for the

supplementary digital edited data in the same way as the previous map symbolization. Also,

the layers were added and their layering order revised taking into consideration their

representation as a map.

The map symbolized data were combined with the existing map symbolized data if

necessary and the map symbolized data was prepared in individual sheets.

２）Production of marginal information

The marginal information was produced changing the number and name of sheets, and

with an index map using the existing marginal information data.

３）Accuracy control of output

The map symbolized topographic data and the corresponding marginal information data

were merged and the output data was produced sheet by sheet. The output data was printed

out and the expression of topographic features were inspected. The map symbolized data

was corrected based on the results of inspection if necessary.


2-9

（６） Production of data files

The new map sheet data files was produced by combining the existing data file and the

new data file of the same sheet.

１）Production of vector data

The vector data files in Sharpe and DXF formats were produced in the same manner as the

existing data files, by using the data before map symbolization. The data files were produced

sheet by sheet.

The produced sheet by sheet data were stored on CD. The sheet by sheet data files do not

include the marginal information data.

２）Production of raster data

The map symbolized data were produced by combining the map symbolized data and the

corresponding marginal information data.

The raster data files were produced after transforming from the map symbolized sheet by

sheet data to PDF format data.

The produced raster data files were stored on CD.

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