the source book (1...) natural ventilation for offices the demand for natural ventilation is growing...

The Source Book (1...) Natural ventilation for offices

The demand for natural ventilation is growing day by day. Natural ventilation can be suitable for up to 80% of office-type buildings in the UK and continental Europe.

Of course no two buildings are the same, and there are a number of perceived barriers to natural ventilation which designers, developers and building owners need to overcome.

This new Guide provides answers to these issues. It will help you to:

select the right solution for a building be confidant that your strategy will work sell the concept to colleagues and

clients

The demand for natural ventilation is growing day by day. Natural ventilation can be suitable for up to 80% of office-type buildings in the UK and continental Europe.

Of course no two buildings are the same, and there are a number of perceived barriers to natural ventilation which designers, developers and building owners need to overcome.

This new Guide provides answers to these issues. It will help you to:

select the right solution for a building be confidant that your strategy will work sell the concept to colleagues and

clients

NatVent

The NatVent The NatVent productsproducts

PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS

DESIGN TOOLSDESIGN TOOLS

The NatVent The NatVent programprogram

The NiteCool The NiteCool programprogram

The NavIAQ The NavIAQ programprogram

The Source BookThe Source Book

The Summary The Summary ReportsReports

The Detailed The Detailed ReportsReports

Design tool for Design tool for night cooling inletsnight cooling inlets

Design tool for Design tool for urban air inletsurban air inlets

Monitoring ReportsMonitoring Reports

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The Source Book (2|) Natural ventilation for offices

Putting it all together the site and the building new buildings and retrofit hardware commissioning

Looking to the future pollution control

Putting it all together the site and the building new buildings and retrofit hardware commissioning

Looking to the future pollution control

Contents

Why natural ventilation? the background the benefits

Hot weather and natural ventilation cooling by design is pollution a problem? what about older buildings

Ventilation in winter indoor air quality ventilation strategies heat recovery…….

Contents

Why natural ventilation? the background the benefits

Hot weather and natural ventilation cooling by design is pollution a problem? what about older buildings

Ventilation in winter indoor air quality ventilation strategies heat recovery…….

For more information contact

Jane Butcher at BRE

Tel: +44 (0)1923 664877

Fax: +44 (0)1923 664796

For more information contact

Jane Butcher at BRE

Tel: +44 (0)1923 664877

Fax: +44 (0)1923 664796

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Monitoring reports (1...) The summary reports

In the framework of Work Package 2 of the NatVent project, 19 naturally ventilated buildings were monitored in summer and winter.

For each building, the results of the monitoring campaigns are reported in two reports:

a summary report a detailed report

The 4 pages summary folders contain a description of the building a description of the ventilation system and the

ventilation technology a short presentation of some monitoring results conclusions, improvements &

recommendations




The 4 pages summary folders contain a description of the building a description of the ventilation system and the

ventilation technology a short presentation of some monitoring results conclusions, improvements &

recommendations

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You can find the PDF-files of the summary reports of the 19 buildings in the directory \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports on this CD-R.

You can find the PDF-files of the summary reports of the 19 buildings in the directory \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports on this CD-R.

Monitoring reports (2|) The summary reports

You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.

Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation



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NatVent

Monitoring reports (1...) The detailed reports




The detailed reports contains all information of the monitoring campaigns:

description of set-up of the monitoring equipment, monitoring periods, several charts with monitoring results, detailed analysis of the results, etc.




The detailed reports contains all information of the monitoring campaigns:

description of set-up of the monitoring equipment, monitoring periods, several charts with monitoring results, detailed analysis of the results, etc.

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For each building, you can find the PDF-files of the detailed report in the directory \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports.

This directory contains also the Final Monitoring Report (final monitoring report.pdf). This documents contains

a description of the monitoring protocol that was used in all monitoring campaigns

8 key-messages and conclusions

For each building, you can find the PDF-files of the detailed report in the directory \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports.

This directory contains also the Final Monitoring Report (final monitoring report.pdf). This documents contains

a description of the monitoring protocol that was used in all monitoring campaigns

8 key-messages and conclusions

Monitoring reports (2|) The detailed reports





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The NatVent program (1...)

The NatVent program was developed within the NatVent project as a pre-design tool for natural ventilation.

The NatVent program calculates the indoor air temperature and the ventilation rate in a building.

One of the key issues is to enable the use of the program early in the design process. Therefore the program uses input that is easy to quantify, even at an early stage in the design process.

When a calculation is made, the program draws graphs of the indoor air temperature and the ventilation rate.

The program uses a single-zone model coupling an air flow algorithm with a thermal algorithm.

The program is designed to be used by architects and engineers.

The NatVent program was developed within the NatVent project as a pre-design tool for natural ventilation.

The NatVent program calculates the indoor air temperature and the ventilation rate in a building.

One of the key issues is to enable the use of the program early in the design process. Therefore the program uses input that is easy to quantify, even at an early stage in the design process.

When a calculation is made, the program draws graphs of the indoor air temperature and the ventilation rate.

The program uses a single-zone model coupling an air flow algorithm with a thermal algorithm.

The program is designed to be used by architects and engineers.

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The NatVent program (2...)

The interface

The interface

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The NatVent program (3|)

You can find all files of the NatVent program in the directory

\Design Tools\The NatVent program:

\Guide & fundamentals: pdf-files of the User’s Guide and the Fundamentals.

\Installation files: run Setup.exe to install the NatVent program

\Weather files: place the weather files in a directory called \Weather in the NatVent directory


\Design Tools\The NatVent program:

\Guide & fundamentals: pdf-files of the User’s Guide and the Fundamentals.

\Installation files: run Setup.exe to install the NatVent program

\Weather files: place the weather files in a directory called \Weather in the NatVent directory

The NatVent program was developed within the NatVent project as a pre-design tool for natural ventilation. It is a free-ware distributed on this CD-R.The NatVent program was developed within the NatVent project as a pre-design tool for natural ventilation. It is a free-ware distributed on this CD-R.





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The NiteCool program (1...) logo

Pre-design software tool for architects and designers quick and easy to use

NiteCool investigates variations in

– internal heat gains– ventilation rates– occupancy patterns– external temperatures

compares energy consumption and comfort benchmarks….. features mechanical systems, natural ventilation and active cooling systems adjusts design parameters to meet comfort/energy consumption criteria…. studies different weather scenarios results and parametric analysis displayed in graph form

Pre-design software tool for architects and designers quick and easy to use

NiteCool investigates variations in

– internal heat gains– ventilation rates– occupancy patterns– external temperatures

compares energy consumption and comfort benchmarks….. features mechanical systems, natural ventilation and active cooling systems adjusts design parameters to meet comfort/energy consumption criteria…. studies different weather scenarios results and parametric analysis displayed in graph form

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logoThe NiteCool program (2...) logo

The interface

The interface

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The NiteCool program (3|) logo

NiteCool enables the user to investigate the feasibility of using natural ventilation to improve summer comfort

levels assess a range of night cooling strategies… select a cooling strategy early in the design stage make informed decisions on the construction, opening configuration and

operation of a building…..

For more information contact Jane Butcher at BRE Tel: +44 (0)1923 664877 Fax: +44 (0)1923 664796

NiteCool enables the user to investigate the feasibility of using natural ventilation to improve summer comfort

levels assess a range of night cooling strategies… select a cooling strategy early in the design stage make informed decisions on the construction, opening configuration and

operation of a building…..

For more information contact Jane Butcher at BRE Tel: +44 (0)1923 664877 Fax: +44 (0)1923 664796


\Design Tools\NiteCool:

\Guide & fundamentals: to add (BRE) !!

\Installation files: run Setup.exe to install the NiteCool program


\Design Tools\NiteCool:

\Guide & fundamentals: to add (BRE) !!

\Installation files: run Setup.exe to install the NiteCool program

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The NavIAQ program (1...)

NaVIAQ simulates NaVIAQ simulates

ventilation flow rates and COventilation flow rates and CO22 concentrations concentrations

in a floor of an office building .in a floor of an office building .

NaVIAQ simulates NaVIAQ simulates

ventilation flow rates and COventilation flow rates and CO22 concentrations concentrations

in a floor of an office building .in a floor of an office building . Applications:

test of ventilation strategies sizing of ventilation openings proving the system performance check a pressure hierarchy effect of air tightness of the building

envelope effect of wind direction and wind speed spread of pollutants (CO2 exhaled by

inhabitants) time aspect of IAQ …..

Applications: test of ventilation strategies sizing of ventilation openings proving the system performance check a pressure hierarchy effect of air tightness of the building

envelope effect of wind direction and wind speed spread of pollutants (CO2 exhaled by

inhabitants) time aspect of IAQ …..

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The NavIAQ program (2...)

The input window

The input window

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The NavIAQ program (3|)

You can find all files of the Nat program in the directory

\Design Tools\NavIAQ:

\User’s Guide: NaVIAQ Manual.pdf. You can read and print this reports with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program.

(www.adobe.com)

\Installation files: run Setup.exe to install the NavIAQ program

You can find all files of the Nat program in the directory

\Design Tools\NavIAQ:

\User’s Guide: NaVIAQ Manual.pdf. You can read and print this reports with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program.

(www.adobe.com)

\Installation files: run Setup.exe to install the NavIAQ program

NaVIAQ input: window and door positions ventilation openings self regulating openings mechanical flow rates meteo wind and temperature number of persons per room different settings for other

rooms

NaVIAQ input: window and door positions ventilation openings self regulating openings mechanical flow rates meteo wind and temperature number of persons per room different settings for other

rooms

NaVIAQ output: pressure differences ventilation flow rates air change rates the course of CO2 ventilation energy loss

NaVIAQ output: pressure differences ventilation flow rates air change rates the course of CO2 ventilation energy loss

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Graphical design tool for sizing night cooling openings (1...)

A set of simple design equations is derived from a large series of simulation runs. The indoor temperatures of an office during the Dutch reference year is calculated for all kind of buildings, internal heat gains and ventilation system designs.

From these data series the dimensions of the effective opening for night ventilation is derived as a function of internal heat gain, solar protection system, mass of the building, control strategy and type of ventilation (single sided, cross, and fan assisted systems). These equations are used to construct the Graphical Design Tool (see figure on next slide).

A set of simple design equations is derived from a large series of simulation runs. The indoor temperatures of an office during the Dutch reference year is calculated for all kind of buildings, internal heat gains and ventilation system designs.

From these data series the dimensions of the effective opening for night ventilation is derived as a function of internal heat gain, solar protection system, mass of the building, control strategy and type of ventilation (single sided, cross, and fan assisted systems). These equations are used to construct the Graphical Design Tool (see figure on next slide).

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Monitoring ReportsMonitoring Reports 20

32

+

32

+

+

Type * Ceiling Points

HeavyM = 100

open

closed

- 7

- 5

MediumM = 75

open

closed

0

+ 6LightM = 50 + 8

Accumulation mass

End resultdimensions ofvent openings

(effectiveopening in

% floor area)

**No wind fan on.

low 2025

middle303540

high 4550

Internal Heat/Load W/m²

Control Strategy Night Cooling Points

No Night Cooling + 10

Predictive Control 0

Manual by Operator + 5

Selection Natural Ventilation Cooling System

window % N/S W/E

20 15 17

40 30 3460 46 51

20406040

5101520

7142128

sun

Solar gain W/m²

M = the sum of half the weight of the side walls,back wall, floor, ceiling and the entire weight ofthe facade divided by the total inner room area.Weight of a wall should be limited to 400 kg/m .

*

2

NaturalSystem

Single Sided

Cross Chimney+ fan **

Effectiveopeningin % floor

Vent. ratefan [ach]

Ventilation System

20253035404550

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

2 2 2- - - - - -

2732

3934

3842

28

not acceptable 44

The Graphical Design Tool and the user’s instructions are given in the document 3.4_night cooling.pdf.

You can find this document in the directory

\Reports\Technological solutions

The Graphical Design Tool and the user’s instructions are given in the document 3.4_night cooling.pdf.

You can find this document in the directory

\Reports\Technological solutions

Graphical design tool for sizing night cooling openings (2|)





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Design tool for sizing urban air inlets (1...)

A common barrier when adopting natural ventilation in buildings located in urban environments is the potential exposure to external pollutants. Whilst mechanical ventilation systems can draw air through cleaning filters the driving pressures associated with naturally ventilated buildings are too low.

A strategy suitable for naturally ventilated buildings includes, identifying sources of pollution surrounding buildings and positioning air inlet devices in a sensible way.

A common barrier when adopting natural ventilation in buildings located in urban environments is the potential exposure to external pollutants. Whilst mechanical ventilation systems can draw air through cleaning filters the driving pressures associated with naturally ventilated buildings are too low.

A strategy suitable for naturally ventilated buildings includes, identifying sources of pollution surrounding buildings and positioning air inlet devices in a sensible way.

Noise levels at facades, in relation to noise intensity at road source

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160distance from road (m)

no

ise

lev

el a

t fa

ca

de

(d

B)

80 dB at source 75 dB at source

70 dB at source 65 dB at source

60 dB at source

Design tool for sizing urban air inlets (2|)

In the framework of Work Package 3.1 an interactive design tool has been developed.

The interactive design tool: identifies all urban sources of pollution indicates how different ventilation approaches will

determine the type of pollution control features required within air inlets

calculates appropriate opening areas.

The design tool is based on an Excel sheet. You can find the Excel sheet SizeTool_95.xls in the Directory:

\Design Tools\ Urban Air Inlets

Moreover you can use the interactive presentation:

go back to the main page and

select: Smart Technology Systems Activity 3.1

In the framework of Work Package 3.1 an interactive design tool has been developed.

The interactive design tool: identifies all urban sources of pollution indicates how different ventilation approaches will

determine the type of pollution control features required within air inlets

calculates appropriate opening areas.

The design tool is based on an Excel sheet. You can find the Excel sheet SizeTool_95.xls in the Directory:

\Design Tools\ Urban Air Inlets

Moreover you can use the interactive presentation:

go back to the main page and

select: Smart Technology Systems Activity 3.1

NatVent













the source book (1...) natural ventilation for offices the demand for natural ventilation is growing...

Documents

natvent program

detailed reports design

summary reports

naviaq program

nitecool program

urban air inlets design

natural ventilation

source book