The Solar SystemThe Solar SystemChapter 12 Section 1Chapter 12 Section 1

Pgs. 336-340Pgs. 336-340

Ideas About the Solar System• Earth-Centered Model: Thought the ___________, Sun,

___________, and Stars were in separate _____________ that rotated around the ________.

• Sun-Centered Model: ________________ stated ___________ revolved around ___________ and Earth moved around the _____________.

• Galileo: observed ______________ going through _____________ like the Moon and proved it was _______________ around the __________.

• Modern View: ____ planets, Sun is ___.___% of the _____________ in Solar System so __________________ is ____________ and holds all objects in their _______________.

How Solar System Formed• __.__ billion years ago was a ____________ of gas,

_________, and ___________• ____________ fragment contracted into a __________,

tightly packed, ______________ disk• Disk _____________ so hot and ___________ and

created the __________ from nuclear ________________ (___ atoms started to ___________ and release _______________)

• Rest of material _______________ enough to ______________ into scattered _______________

• Clumps ______________ and ______________ to form 8 _________________

Motions of Planets• Johannes ________________: studied

______________ of planets• ________________ orbits: _________ shaped• _________ is not directly in _____________ of

the orbits• Found _____________ travel at different

_______________• Planets ____________ to sun travel

__________________

Questions• What is the Sun-Centered Model?• What is the Earth-Centered Model?• Who proved planets orbited around the Sun?• Why does the Sun hold all objects in the Solar

System?• In a paragraph, write about how the Solar

System formed. Must be at least 5 or more sentences.

• Who studied the orbits of the planets?• Why do planets travel at different speeds?

The Inner Planets

Chapter 12 Section 2Pgs. 342 - 347

Mercury

• ___________ planet to sun, ___nd smallest• Mariner 10 – found looks just like the Earth’s

_________, many ____________ and cliffs• Mercury may have _________ due to weak

magnetic ___________• __________ core• No ______________• Temperatures: ______°C day and -______°C night• No __________

Venus

• Similar to __________ in size and mass• ____nd from the sun• Thick atmosphere of ____________ dioxide• Droplets of __________ acid give clouds yellowish

color• __________, fault like cracks, and _____________• __________________ effect – sunlight gives off

heat in atmosphere and absorbed by carbon dioxide• Temperatures: ______°C to _______°C• No ___________

Earth

• Atmosphere ____________ life• ____rd from the sun• Temperatures allow water to be __________,

____________, and _________• Only planet with known _________• One large moon - __________

Mars• ____th from the sun• Reddish-yellow from ________ oxide in _______• Polar _______ caps • Channels show __________ once flowed• Large volcanoes and valleys – __________ Mons• Thin atmosphere – carbon _____________• Temperatures: -_______°C to _____°C• Huge __________ storms• ________ small, irregular shaped moons –

_____________ and ___________

Questions• What is the order of the inner planets from

closest to farthest from the sun?• Why do you think Mercury’s temperature

changes so much from night to day?• What causes the yellowish clouds to form on

Venus?• What is the greenhouse effect?• Which planet is the only to have known life exist?• What is the Earth’s moon called?• Why is Mars a reddish-yellow color?• Which planet has the largest volcano? What is it

called?

Jupiter• _________ planet from the sun• __________ planet • Voyager revealed Jupiter has faint dust ________ • Made of mostly __________ and helium, with some

ammonia, methane, and water _________• Middle of Jupiter, atmosphere is ________ hydrogen

and helium and below a rocky _______ • Colorful clouds of white, ______, tan, and _______ • Great _____ Spot – continuous ________ of swirling,

high-pressure ______Moons (satellites) – at least _______ orbit Jupiter

Jupiter’s Moons

• _____ – most volcanically active _________ in solar system, ___________ gives it a reddish, orange color, thin atmosphere of sulfur dioxide

• _________ – rocky interior with ___km thick crust of ice, many cracks, ____km deep ocean may exist under the ice, thin ___________ atmosphere

• ___________– heavily _________ covered with icy grooves, rocky interior surrounding _________ iron core, thin oxygen ____________

• _____________ – heavily cratered with mix of ______ and rock, rocky ________, thin atmosphere of ____________ dioxide

Saturn• __________ planet from sun• Second largest planet, but lowest density and

_______________• Thick outer atmosphere of hydrogen and helium with

ammonia, ____________, and water vapor, deeper in atmosphere becomes a liquid and then below a small, ____________ core

• Rings – the large ring has thousands of thin ringlets made of _______ and ________ particles that vary in size

• Moons (satellites) - at least ______ orbit Saturn, __________ holds them in the orbit

• _________ – largest moon, larger than __________, thick atmosphere of nitrogen, argon, and methane

Uranus• __________ planet from the sun• Large and gaseous, ______ moons• _______ thin, dark rings at equator• Largest moon, ___________, heavily cratered, deep

valleys• ______________ – hydrogen, helium, and methane• _______________ gives planet __________-green

color because absorbs red and yellow light and clouds reflect green and blue

• Few cloud bands and _____________ visible• Made of _______ and ___________• Uranus’ axis of rotation is ___________ on its side

Neptune• ______th planet from sun• Large, gas planet with _________• Sometimes farther from sun than ________• ______________ atmosphere gives blue-green

color• Dark colored ___________ in atmosphere• At least ______ moons• Rocky __________• Made of rock and various _________• Thin atmosphere of ____________

Dwarf Planets

• ___________ – located in asteroid belt, orbits the sun every 4.6 years, 940 km diameter

• __________ – 2300 km diameter, 248 years to orbit sun, solid icy-rock surface, three moons

• ____________ – 2,400 km diameter, 557 years to orbit sun, one moon

What is a planet?

• Orbits around the __________

• Has enough _________ for its gravity to overcome forces so that it keeps its _____________ shape

• Has cleared the ________________ around its orbit

Questions

• What is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter?• What are the four largest moons of Jupiter?• What are Saturn’s rings made of?• What is Saturn’s largest moon? Describe it.• Why does Uranus have a bluish-green color?• Why is Uranus different from other planets?• What gives Neptune its blue-green color?• What are the dwarf planets?• What are the three criteria for an object to be a

planet?