the socially inclusive role of curatorial voice

8/18/2019 The Socially Inclusive Role of Curatorial Voice

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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION

THE SOCIALLY INCLUSIVE ROLE OF CURATORIAL VOICE: A QUALITATIVE

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE USE OF GATEKEEPING MECHANISMS AND THE

CO-CREATION OF IDENTITY IN MUSEUMS

By

LAURA-EDYTHE SARVER COLEMAN

A Dissertti!" s#$%itte& t! t'e

S('!!) !* I"*!r%ti!"i" +rti) *#)*i))%e"t !* t'e

re,#ire%e"ts *!r t'e &eree !*

D!(t!r !* P'i)!s!+'y

./01


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L#r-E&yt'e Sr2er C!)e%" &e*e"&e& t'is &issertti!" !" A+ri) 03 ./014

T'e %e%$ers !* t'e s#+er2is!ry (!%%ittee 5ere:

P#) F4 Mrty

Pr!*ess!r Dire(ti" Dissertti!"

6e""i*er K!s)!5

U"i2ersity Re+rese"tti2e

Me)iss Gr!ss

C!%%ittee Me%$er

Mi('e))e K7%er

C!%%ittee Me%$er

T'e Grte S('!!) 's 2eri*ie& "& ++r!2e& t'e $!2e-"%e& (!%%ittee %e%$ers3 "&

(erti*ies t't t'e &issertti!" 's $ee" ++r!2e& i" ((!r&"(e 5it' #"i2ersity re,#ire%e"ts4

.


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F!r %y ('i)&re"3 D"ie)3 6!e3 8('3 "& E%i)y: My 5e e2er 5)9 t'e 5!r)&s ri% t!et'er4

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A)t'!#' t'!se 5'! 5rite &issertti!"s re se)&!% '#%$)e3 I % '#%$)e& $y t'e 9i"&est !* s!#)s

5'! '2e %&e t'is

Pr!*ess!rs Ri('r& S"&e)) "& 6!(e)y" D!&&3 %y 5!r9 is $se& #+!" y!#rs3 "& I (!#)& "!t

'2e 5ritte" t'is &issertti!" 5it'!#t y!#r +ri!r 5!r9s4

My *e))!5 &!(t!r) st#&e"ts3 y!# '2e %&e t'is

Pre"ts re s#++!se& t! $e)ie2e i" t'eir ('i)&re"4 My ('i)&re" '2e $e)ie2e& i" %e4 D"ie)3 What a piece of work is man? 6!se+'3 this day is yours, carpe diem4 8('3 this is as good as it gets.

E%i)y3 don’t ever stop singing, don’t ever let anyone tell you what you can’t do, and don’t ever,

ever be quiet.

My +)#"e i"t! (&e%i is test%e"t t! %y +re"ts3 $!t' (&e%i(s4 I re%e%$er t'e s!#"& !*

y!#r e)i" ty+e5riters i" t'e "i't4

C'#(9 Piers!"3 y!# re t'e !"e +ers!" 5'! ((e+ts %e s I %4 My &er3 it 5s I 5'! tr&e& #+4

My +rt"er i" (ri%e3 A$$y P'i))i+s3 5e '2e s+e"t t'e )st !"e t'!#s"& *!#r '#"&re& "& si>ty&ys i" (!**ee s'!+s t!et'er4 e %y '2e t! t9e Mi(' 5it' #s 5'e" 5e !4


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444>

LIST OF TABLES 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444>i

ABSTRACT4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444>ii

CHAPTER 0: INTRODUCTION44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440

040 O2er2ie5444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440

04040 Pr!$)e% Stte%e"t44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440

0404. Reser(' Q#esti!"s444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.

0404; Si"i*i("(e !* t'e Reser('4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440404 Reser(' P#r+!se44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

04. O2er2ie5 !* Key C!"(e+ts4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

04.40 Key C!"(e+t 0: I&e"tity Creti!" "& C!-(reti!"44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

04.4. Key C!"(e+t .: C#rt!ri) V!i(e4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441

04.4; Key C!"(e+t ;: Gte9ee+er T'e!ry LIS44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441

04.4 Key C!"(e+t : T'e S!(i))y I"()#si2e M#se#%44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

04.4 Key C!"(e+t : M#se#%s H"&)i" C!"teste& S#$


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.4; Key C!"(e+t .: C#rt!ri) V!i(e44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444./

.4;40 Des(ri+ti!"s !* t'e C#rt!r4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444./

.4;4. Des(ri+ti!"s !* C#rt!ri) V!i(e44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.0

.4;4; Si"i*i("(e !* C#rt!ri) V!i(e 5it'i" M#se#%s4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.0

.4;4 C#rt!ri) V!i(e: Pri!r Reser('4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.0

.4 Key C!"(e+t ;: Gte9ee+er T'e!ry4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444..

.440 Hist!ri() Fr%e5!r9 !* Gte9ee+er T'e!ry444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444..

.44. De2e)!+%e"t !* Gte9ee+er T'e!ry $y LIS Reser('ers44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.;

.44; T'e E2!)#ti!" !* Gte9ee+er T'e!ry i" LIS Reser('4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.

.44 Gte9ee+er T'e!ry *!r M#se#%s H"&)i" C!"teste& S#$()#si!"44444444444444444444444.

.44. T'e Re*i"i" !* S!(i) I"()#si!" T'e!ry4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.

.44; S!(i) I"()#si!" i" M#se#%s: Pri!r Reser('44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.

.44 S!(i) I"()#si!" T'e!ry *!r M#se#%s44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444;0

.44 A++)i(ti!" !* S!(i) I"()#si!" T'e!ry i" Li$rry "& I"*!r%ti!" S(ie"(e444444444444444;;

.441 A&2"tes !* t'e A++)i(ti!" !* S!(i) I"()#si!" T'e!ry i" t'e St#&y !* M#se#%s3

M#se#% Pr!*essi!")s3 "& M#se#% Visit!rs44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444;

.44 A&2"tes !* t'e A++)i(ti!" !* S!(i) I"()#si!" T'e!ry i" t'e St#&y !* M#se#%s

H"&)i" C!"teste& S#$


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;4 IRB A++r!2)s444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

;41 Pi)!t St#&y t T))'ssee M#se#%4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

;4 Dt C!))e(ti!" "& Dt A")ysis Met'!&!)!y444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

;440 Dt C!))e(ti!"4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

;44. Dt C!))e(ti!": E>'i$it E2)#ti!"s I"te"si2e I"ter2ie5s44444444444444444444444444444444444444

;44; Des(ri+ti!" !* t'e St#&y C!"te>t: M#se#%s H"&)i" C!"teste& S#$


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CHAPTER : FINDINGS44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441

40 I"tr!(ti!"444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441

4. Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* Prti(i+"t M#se#%s4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441

4.40 I"tr!(ti!"44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441

4.4. Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* t'e J00 Me%!ri) M#se#%3 Ne5 Y!r93 NY4444444444444444444444444/

4.4; Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* C#rt!r Per(e+ti!"s t t'e J00 Me%!ri) M#se#%44444444444444;

4.4 Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* t'e Ar$ A%eri(" Nti!") M#se#% Detr!it3 Mi('i"444444/

4.4 Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* C#rt!r Per(e+ti!"s t t'e Ar$ A%eri(" Nti!")

M#se#%444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.

4.41 Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* t'e 6+"ese A%eri(" Nti!") M#se#% L!s A"e)es3

C)i*!r"i4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

4.4 Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* C#rt!r Per(e+ti!"s t t'e 6+"ese A%eri(" Nti!")M#se#%444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

4.4 Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* t'e i" L#9e M#se#% !* t'e P(i*i( Asi" A%eri("

E>+erie"(e Sett)e3 s'i"t!"444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.

4.40/ Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* C#rt!r Per(e+ti!"s t t'e i" L#9e M#se#% !* t'e P(i*i(

Asi" A%eri(" E>+erie"(e44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444;

4.400 Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* Nti!") Ce"ter *!r Ci2i) "& H#%" Ri'ts At)"t3

Ge!ri 444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

4.40. Des(ri+ti2e A")ysis !* C#rt!r Per(e+ti!"s t t'e Nti!") Ce"ter *!r Ci2i) "&

H#%" Ri'ts At)"t3 Ge!ri444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

4; C!%+rti2e A")ysis !* Prti(i+"t M#se#%s444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440/;

4;40 I"tr!(ti!"444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440/;

4;4. T'e P'ysi() M#se#%s444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440/

4;4;T'e Prti(i+"t C#rt!rs44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440/

4;4 T'e C!"teste& S#$


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4 C'+ter S#%%ry4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444400

4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444400

40 I"tr!(ti!"44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444400

4. Dis(#ssi!" !* Fi"&i"s444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444400

4.40 RQ404't Are t'e Per(e+ti!"s !* M#se#% Pr!*essi!")s C!"(er"i" C#rt!ri)

V!i(e i" M#se#% Res+!"si$)e *!r H"&)i" C!"teste& S#$


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LIST OF FIGURES

Fi#re 040 Reser(' Pr!$)e% O2er2ie5 5it' Reser(' Q#esti!"s C'rt444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Fi#re 04. Reser(' O2er2ie5 C'rt4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440/

Fi#re 04; Reser(' Ti%e)i"e 444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444401

Fi#re 40 Prti(i+"t C#rt!r Et'"i(ity se)*-i&e"ti*ie& C'rt444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440/

Fi#re 4. Prti(i+"t C#rt!r E%+)!y%e"t Le"t' !* Ter% se)*-i&e"ti*ie&44444444444444444444444444440/1

0/


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LIST OF TABLES

T$)e 40 I"stit#ti!" De%!r+'i( I"*!r%ti!"444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444440/

T$)e 4. C!"teste& S#$


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ABSTRACT

M#se#%s3 "& %#se#% +r!*essi!")s3 e"e i" si"i*i("t r!)e 5it'i" s!(iety4 T'is

&issertti!" is ,#)itti2e e>+)!rt!ry st#&y !* t'e 5ys i" 5'i(' %#se#% +r!*essi!")s

+r!%!te !r 'i"&er t'e s!(i) i"()#si2ity !* %#se#%s t'r!#' (#rt!ri) 2!i(e4 T'r!#' series !*

e>'i$it e2)#ti!"s "& i"te"si2e i"ter2ie5s3 t'e reser('er i"2estites t'e %e('"is%s #se& t!

(r*t (#rt!ri) 2!i(e 5it'i" %#se#%s t't '"&)e (!"teste& s#$+)i(it +#r+!se !* i&i" i" t'e

&e2e)!+%e"t !* +r!*essi!") #i&"(e t! 'e)+ %9e %#se#%s %!re s!(i))y i"()#si2e4

0.


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

I"*!r%ti!" +)ys 9ey r!)e i" t'e (!"str#(ti!" !* i"&i2i) "& (!))e(ti2e i&e"tities4 It

is i"'ere"t)y #"&erst!!& t't 5it'!#t ((ess t! (#)t#r) i"*!r%ti!"3 5e s i"&i2i)s "& s

(!%%#"ities 5i)) $e $rre& *r!% (!"str#(ti" '!)isti( i&e"tity4 As +e!+)e3 5e '2e

i"stit#ti!")i7e& (#)t#re i" t'e *!r%t !* %#se#%s3 "& 5e re)y #+!" %#se#%s3 "&3 de facto,

%#se#% +r!*essi!")s3 t! +r!2i&e " #t'!ritti2e re+rese"tti!" !* !#r (#)t#re4 M#se#%s3 i"

ser2i(e t! '#%"ity3 %#st +reser2e "& +r!2i&e ((ess t! t'!se !$e%+)i*y t'eir stt#s s s!(i))y

i"()#si2e i"stit#ti!"s4

M#se#%s e>ist t! $e i" =t'e ser2i(e !* s!(iety "& its &e2e)!+%e"t3@ "& t'e

+r!*essi!")s 5'! 5!r9 5it'i" t'!se %#se#%s re ('re& 5it' t'e %issi!" t! ser2e s!(iety

=M#se#% De*i"iti!"- ICOM3@ .//4 Yet3 )itt)e is #"&erst!!& (!"(er"i" t'e s!(i))y i"()#si2e

r!)e !* %#se#%s s +reser2ers "& +r!2i&ers !* i"*!r%ti!" *!r t'e +#r+!se !* i&e"tity

(!"str#(ti!"4 A&&iti!"))y3 t'e +re2i!#s i"2estiti!" i"t! i&e"tity (reti!" 5it'i" %#se#%s 's

*!(#se& +ri%ri)y !" t'e r!)e !* t'e %#se#% 2isit!r3 "!t t'e %#se#% +r!*essi!") F)93 .//

R!#"&s3 .//14 'i)e it is #"&e"i$)e3 $se& !" +ri!r st#&ies3 t't %#se#% 2isit!rs e"e t'e

i"*!r%ti!" !* %#se#% 5it' +re(!"(ei2e& "!ti!"s !* i&e"tity3 )itt)e 5!r9 's *!(#se& !" t'e

si"i*i("t r!)e !* %#se#% (#rt!rs s te9ee+ers !* i&e"tity i"*!r%ti!"4 T'is &issertti!"

e"&e2!rs t! *i)) + 5it'i" $!t' reser('er "& +r(titi!"er 9"!5)e&e "& t! i& i" t'e

&e2e)!+%e"t !* s!(i))y i"()#si2e %#se#%s4

1.1.1 Proble S!"!ee#!

T'e r!)e !* %#se#%s 's e>+"&e& &r%ti())y 5it'i" s!(iety !2er t'e +st se2er)

&e(&es4 Des+ite t'e 5i&e"i" r!)e !* %#se#%s "& %#se#% +r!*essi!")s3 si%i)r e>+"si!"

!* +r!*essi!") #i&"(e3 s#(' s st"&r&i7e& ter%i"!)!y3 +!)i(ies3 "& e2)#ti!"

%et'!&!)!ies3 's "!t *!))!5e& t'ese ('"es 5it'i" %#se#%s4 M#se#% +r!*essi!")

0


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ss!(iti!"s3 s#(' s t'e A%eri(" A))i"(e !* M#se#%s AAM3 '2e str#)e& t! +r!2i&e

+r!*essi!") #i&"(e t! %#se#%s "& (#rt!rs4 T'is )(9 !* e>+"si!" is es+e(i))y e2i&e"t i"

t'e re(e"t)y &e2e)!+e& AAM =Di2ersity "& I"()#si!" P!)i(y3@ 2#e +rr+' t't !#t)i"es

)itt)e !* t'e "ee&e& ter%i"!)!y "& +r!2i&es "! t!!)s *!r ssisti" (#rt!rs i" t'eir r!)e

=Di2ersity "& I"()#si!" P!)i(y3@ ./04 Pr!*essi!") #i&"(e 5!#)& ssist %#se#%

+r!*essi!")s 5it' t'e rti(#)ti!" "& t'e (!"str#(ti!" !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e 5it' t'e e>+resse&

+#r+!se !* i&i" %#se#% +r!*essi!")s i" t'e *!r%ti!" !* s!(i))y i"()#si2e %#se#%s4

T'e e>te"t t! 5'i(' t'e )(9 !* ter%i"!)!y3 st"&r&s3 "& e2)#ti2e t!!)s *!r %#se#%

reser('ers 's 'i"&ere& s!(i) i"()#si2ity !* %#se#%s is #"9"!5"3 yet it is #"&erst!!& t't s#('

#i&"(e3 i* it e>iste&3 5!#)& ssist (#rt!rs i" t'eir rti(#)ti!" !* %#se#% s!(iet) r!)es4 A)s!3

t'e )(9 !* +r!*essi!") #i&"(e %y '2e )esse"e& t'e #"&erst"&i" !* t'e r!)e !* %#se#%s

5it'i" s!(iety3 2ei)e& t'e si"i*i("(e !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e3 restri(te& t'e reser(' i"t! t'e (!-

(reti!" !* i&e"tity i" %#se#%s3 "& s)!5e& t'e (!%%#"i(ti!" !* *i"&i"s $et5ee" %#se#%

reser('ers4

1.1.$ Re%e"r&' ()e%!io#%

T'e s+e(i*i( reser(' ,#esti!"s &e2e)!+e& *!r t'is &issertti!" 5ere $se& #+!" " !2er-

r('i" ,#esti!" (!"(er"i" t'e r!)e !* %#se#%s "& %#se#% +r!*essi!")s i" t'e +r!(ti!" !*

s!(i))y i"()#si2e %#se#%s: H!5 (" !#r #"&erst"&i" !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e3 s 2ie5e& t'r!#'

t'e t'e!reti() )e"ses !* te9ee+er t'e!ry "& (!-(reti!" !* i&e"tity3 'e)+ %#se#%s $e(!%e

%!re s!(i))y i"()#si2e 5'e" '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$'i$it e2)#ti!"4 Reser(' ,#esti!"s !"e "& t5! 5i)) $e e>+)!re& t'r!#' "

")ysis !* t'e &t set $se& !" i"te"si2e i"ter2ie5s !* (#rt!ri) st**4 Reser(' ,#esti!"s t'ree

"& *!#r 5i)) $e e>+)!re& t'r!#' " ")ysis !* t'e &t set $se& !" e>'i$it e2)#ti!"4 T'e

")ysis !* t'e t5! i"&e+e"&e"t &t sets 5i)) t'e" $e (!%$i"e& i" ,#)itti2e3 (!%+rti2e

")ysis t! e>+)!re reser(' ,#esti!" *i2e4

R(.1. 't re t'e +er(e+ti!"s !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s (!"(er"i" (#rt!ri) 2!i(e i"

%#se#% res+!"si$)e *!r '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$


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R(.$. H!5 %i't t5! t'e!reti() )e"ses33 te9ee+er t'e!ry "& (!-(reti!" !* i&e"tity3

$etter 'e)+ #s t! #"&erst"& t'e +er(e+ti!"s !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s

R(.$.A. 't re t'e te9ee+i" %e('"is%s e%+)!ye& $y (#rt!ri) st** i"

%#se#% '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$'i$its !*

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C u r a t o r i a l V o i c e • R Q . 1 . W h a t a r e t h e p e r c e p t i o n s o f m u s e u m p r o f e s s i o n a l s c o n c e r n i n g

c u r a t o r i a l v o i c e i n a m u s e u m r e s p o n s i b l e f o r h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r ? • R Q . 3 . W h a t d o e s c u r a t o r i a l v o i c e l o o k l i k e i n m u s e u m s h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d

s u b j e c t m a t t e r ?

G a t e k e e p e r T h e o r y C o !

C r e a t i o n o f " d e n t i t y

• R Q . 2 . # o $ m i g h t t $ o t h e o r e t i c a l l e n s e s % g a t e k e e p e r t h e o r y a n d c o ! c r e a t i o n o f i d e n t i t y % h e l p u s u n d e r s t a n d t h e p e r c e p t i o n s o f m u s e u m p r o f e s s i o n a l s ? • R Q . 2 . A . W h a t a r e t h e g a t e k e e p i n g m e c h a n i s m s e m p l o y e d b y c u r a t o r i a l

s t a & i n a m u s e u m h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r ? • R Q . 2 . B . # o $ d o e s c u r a t o r i a l s t a & p e r c e i v e t h e i r r o l e i n t h e c o ! c r e a t i o n o f i d e n t i t y i n m u s e u m s h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r ?

• R Q . 4 . # o $ m i g h t t $ o t h e o r e t i c a l l e n s e s % g a t e k e e p e r t h e o r y a n d c o ! c r e a t i o n o f i d e n t i t y % h e l p u s u n d e r s t a n d t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f c u r a t o r i a l

v o i c e i n m u s e u m s h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r ? • R Q . 4 . A . W h a t d o e s u s e o f g a t e k e e p i n g m e c h a n i s m s i n t h e c u r a t i o n o f

e ' h i b i t s l o o k l i k e i n m u s e u m s h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r ? • R Q . 4 . B . W h a t d o e s t h e c o ! c r e a t i o n o f i d e n t i t y l o o k l i k e i n t h e e ' h i b i t s o f

m u s e u m s h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r ?

T h e ( o c i a l l y " n c l u s i v e

) u s e u m • R Q . 5 . " n $ h a t $ a y s d o c u r a t o r i a l v o i c e % c o ! c r e a t i o n o f i d e n t i t y % a n d g a t e k e e p i n g m e c h a n i s m s t h e m a t i c a l l y c o n n e c t $ i t h t h e s o c i a l l y i n c l u s i v e g o a l s o f m u s e u m s h a n d l i n g c o n t e s t e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r ?

Fi#re 040 Reser(' Pr!$)e% O2er2ie5 5it' Reser(' Q#esti!"s C'rt


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1.1.* Si-#ii&"#&e o !'e Re%e"r&'

M#se#%s 5ie)& tre%e"&!#s +!5er t! ('"e s!(iety3 t! #+'!)& s!(iety3 "& t! **ir% s!(iety3

(!"tri$#ti" t! $!t' i"&i2i) "& (!))e(ti2e i&e"tities4 T'e i%+(t !* %#se#%s 's $ee" st#&ie&

!" $!t' t'e i"&i2i) "& t'e (!%%#"ity )e2e)4 M#se#%s '2e t5! 9ey r!)es i" s!(iety: *irst3t't !* +r!2i&i" $!t' i"&i2i)s "& (!%%#"ity +)(e *!r i&e"tity 5!r9 "& se(!"&3 t't !*

+r!2i&i" &i)!#e +rt"er3 5'i(' is (#rt!ri) 2!i(e4 Des+ite t'e e**!rts t! e2)#te %#se#%

i%+(t !" i"&i2i)s "& s!(iety3 )itt)e 5!r9 's $ee" &!"e t! st"&r&i7e %#se#% ter%i"!)!y

!r t! est$)is' s!(iet) i%+(t e2)#ti!" te('"i,#es s+e(i*i( t! %#se#%s4 A (!%+rti2e3

,#)itti2e ")ysis !* %#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$+"& t'e $!&y !* s!(i))y i"()#si2e

%#se#% )itert#re4 T'is &issertti!" 5i)) (!%+)e%e"t (#rre"t reser(' st#&ies i" %#se#% 2isit!r

i&e"tity 5!r93 &&i" t! t'e $!&y !* ter%i"!)!y t! $e e>%i"e& $y %#se#% +r!*essi!") r!#+s

s#(' s ICOM "& AAM4 It is '!+e& t't t'is reser(' 5i)) ssist %#se#% +r!*essi!")s 5it'

t'eir rti(#)ti!" !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e3 i& $!t' i"&i2i)s "& (!%%#"ities i" t'e (!-(reti!" !*

i&e"tity3 "& *#rt'er ))!5 %#se#%s t! e>+"& t'eir i"()#si2e r!)e i" s!(iety4

1.$ Overview o Ke0 Co#&e/!%

T'is &issertti!" reser(' is $se& #+!" " #"&erst"&i" !* *i2e 9ey (!"(e+ts: I&e"tity

Creti!" "& C!-Creti!" C#rt!ri) V!i(e Gte9ee+er T'e!ry LIS T'e S!(i))y I"()#si2e

M#se#% M#se#%s H"&)i" C!"teste& S#$


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R!#"&s3 .//13 +4 0;;4 A" i"iti) &e*i"iti!" !* i&e"tity is3 =T'e +rti(#)r $ei" "y +ers!" is3

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s'!#)& $e@ R!#"&s3 .//13 +4 0;; Seie)3 .//3 +4 ;4 I" +rti(#)r3 2isit!r i&e"tity 's $ee"

!+erti!")i7e& s 2ri$)e *!r +re&i(ti" 2isit!r tte"&"(e +tter"s "& %#se#% 2isit!r

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t'is reser(' st#&y3 i&e"tity (reti!" !r (!-(reti!" 5s e>%i"e& s s!(i))y i"()#si2e

+r!(ess3 =i&e"tity 5!r9@ R!#"&s3 .//13 +4 0;;4 I&e"tity 's $ee" +re2i!#s)y e>%i"e& s

=t'i"3@ $#t *!r t'e +#r+!ses !* t'is st#&y3 i&e"tity is (reti2e &y"%i( 5!r94 I" esse"(e3

i&e"tity 5!r9 is (reti2e +r!(ess3 &i)!#e !r "e!titi!" $et5ee" %#se#% 2isit!rs "& t'e

%#se#%4 T'e e>'i$its3 s rti(#)te& t'r!#' (#rt!ri) 2!i(e3 && t! t'e +r!(ess !* i&e"tity

(reti!" $y %#se#% 2isit!rs4 'i)e +re2i!#s st#&ies '2e e>%i"e& 'e2i)y t'e i&e"tity !*

%#se#% 2isit!rs F)93 .// K+)"3 0 Lei"'r&t3 .// R!#"&s3 .//1 Serre))3 013 t'is

&issertti!" st#&y 5i)) *!(#s +ri%ri)y !" t'e r!)e !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s4 T'e e%+'sis !* t'is

&issertti!" reser(' is #+!" t'e %#se#% +r!*essi!")s si&e !* t't i&e"tity 5!r9 &i)!#e3 "&

t'e &eree t! 5'i(' t't &i)!#e &&s t! !r &etr(ts *r!% t'e s!(i))y i"()#si2e %#se#%4

1.$.$ Ke0 Co#&e/! $ C)r"!ori"l 4oi&e

C#rt!ri) V!i(e3 (!"(e+t (e"tr) t! %#se!)!y3 is " i"'ere"t e)e%e"t !* " e>'i$it4

C#rt!ri) 2!i(e is t'e %esse re(ei2e& $y %#se#%-!ers t'r!#'!#t t'e e>'i$it3 %esse t't

%y re)y i"te"t !r %#se#% #t'!rity Lei"'r&t3 Cr!5)ey3 K"#ts!"3 .//.4 I" t'is reser('

st#&y3 t'e #$i,#it!#s (#rt!ri) 2!i(e !* %#se#% e>'i$it is re(st s te9ee+er3 r"ti" t'e

reser('er t'e $i)ity t! ++)y i"*!r%ti!" s(ie"(e +ri"(i+)es !* =Gte9ee+er@ t'e!ry t! t'is !*te"

i"2isi$)e $#t )5ys #&i$)e 2!i(e 5it'i" " e>'i$it4 I" +rti(#)r3 t'is &issertti!" reser('

*!(#ses !" (#rt!rs t! &is(!2er ter%i"!)!y "& +ri"(i+)es !* te9ee+i" t't ++)y t! t'e

&e2e)!+%e"t !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e i" %#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$


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te9ee+er #ti)i7es te9ee+i" %e('"is%s3 s#(' s i"*!r%ti!" se)e(ti!"3 &e)eti!"3 "&

'!r&i" t! (!"tr!) t'e *)!5 !* i"*!r%ti!" t! t'e i"te"&e& re(i+ie"ts4 T'ese i"*!r%ti!"

re(i+ie"ts re =t'e te&@ !"es "& %y 2ry i" t'e )e2e) !* (!"tr!) t'ey '2e !2er t'e

i"*!r%ti!" 5it'i" t'e (!"te>t Br7i)i-N'!"3 .//3 +4 014 Gte9ee+er t'e!ry 's $ee"

#ti)i7e& t! re2e) t'e i"*)#e"(e !* i"&i2i)s 5it'i" i2e" (!"te>t4 I" t'is reser(' st#&y3 t'e

%#se#% +r!*essi!") $e"e*its *r!% t'e ++)i(ti!" !* Gte9ee+er t'e!ry *!r t'e e2)#ti!" !*

(#rt!ri) 2!i(e4 I" s+e(i*i(3 (#rt!rs re s9e& t! ")y7e t'eir te9ee+i" %e('"is%s ri"

t'eir &es(ri+ti!" !* t'e &e2e)!+%e"t !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e *!r %#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$()#si!" %!st !*te" ss!(ite& 5it' %#se#%s is t'e (#)t#r)

s+e(t4 H!5 %#se#%s re+rese"t (#)t#res "& s9 (#)t#res t! +rti(i+te i" t'e %9i" !* e>'i$its

&ire(t)y i%+(ts t'e i"()#si2ity !r e>()#si2ity !* %#se#% S"&e))3 04 As s!(i) i"()#si2ity

's $e(!%e +!)iti() !)3 %#se#%s3 +rti(#)r)y i" t'e UK3 '2e &'ere& t! t'e r'et!ri( !*

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i"stit#ti!"s C!)e%"3 ./014 S!(i) I"()#si!" 's $e#" t! ++er i" A%eri(" %#se#%

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=Di2ersity "& I"()#si!" P!)i(y3@ ./04


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M#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$+)!re RQ4; "& RQ43 t'e reser('er (!"(te& " e>'i$it e2)#ti!" t! e2)#te t'e


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(!"te"ts !* t'e e>'i$its 5it'i" t'e *i2e s%+)e %#se#%s4 T'e reser('er &!(#%e"te& t'e

(!"te"ts !* t'e e>'i$its &is+)yi" (!"teste& s#$'i$it e2)#ti!" r#$ri(4

'e" +er%issi$)e3 t'e reser('er )s! (!))e(te& +'!t!r+'s !* t'e e>'i$it3 tr"s(ri+ts !* &!(e"t

s(ri+ts3 %#se#% (t)!#es3 "& %#se#% +#$)i(ti!"s4 T'e e>'i$it e2)#ti!" is )i%ite& t! t'e

ite%s !" &is+)y 5it'i" t'e *i2e s%+)e %#se#%s3 "& &!es "!t e>te"& t! +st !r *#t#re e>'i$its4

T'e i"te"t !* t'e e>'i$it e2)#ti!" &t (!))e(ti!" is t! &is(er" t'e %"i*estti!" !*

(#rt!ri) 2!i(e 5it'i" t'e +#$)i( e>'i$it4 I" !r&er t! e>+)!re t'e (#rt!ri) 2!i(e !* t'e e>'i$it3

t'e reser('er ++)ie& t5! t'e!reti() )e"ses t! t'e &!(#%e"tti!" !* t'e e>'i$it: Gte9ee+er

T'e!ry "& C!-Creti!" !* I&e"tity T'e!ry4 T'e reser('er #ti)i7e& t'e E>'i$it E2)#ti!"

R#$ri( A++e"&i> C3 t! &!(#%e"t t'e e>e%+)rs !* !$e%+)rs !* !$%i"e t'e +'ysi() %"i*estti!"s !* i&e"tity (reti!" i"&i2i) !r (!))e(ti2e "& t'e

te9ee+i" %e('"is%s e%+)!ye& 5it'i" t'e %#se#%4 C)er)y rti(#)te& i&e"tity (reti!"

&i)!#e 5s 5ritte" i" t'e e>'i$it )$e)s3 !$%+)es !*

()er)y rti(#)te& i&e"tity (reti!" &i)!#es s+!9e t! +ers!") !r (!))e(ti2e i&e"tities3 e443 =As

+ers!" !* (!)!r?@ !r3 =e 5"t +e!+)e t! 5)9 i" !#r s'!es4@

T'e i"te"si2e i"ter2ie5s *!(#se& #+!" t'e +er(e+ti!"s !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s

(!"(er"i" t'eir r!)e i" t'e e"erti!" !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e RQ404 Q#)itti2e i"te"si2e

i"ter2ie5s 5ere (!"(te& 5it' t'e (#rt!ri) st** !* *i2e %#se#%s3 yie)&i" te" i"ter2ie5s4 T'e

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!* (#rt!ri) st** t *i2e %#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$+)!rti!" !* RQ4.: ++)i(ti!" !*


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t'e!reti() )e"ses t! (#rt!r +er(e+ti!" &t4 T'e &t re ")y7e& i" 2ie5 !* t'e t5! t'e!reti()

)e"ses: Gte9ee+er T'e!ry RQ.4A C!-Creti!" !* I&e"tity RQ.4B4

T'e reser('er e>+)!re& RQ44 t'r!#' t'e (!%+ris!" !* &t (!))e(te& *r!% $!t' t'e

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T'e (!%$i"ti!" !* (#rt!r +er(e+ti!"s3 e>'i$it re)ity3 "& t'e!ry )e& t'e reser('er t! +r!+!se

*#rt'er reser(' !* s!(i))y i"()#si2e %#se#%s4

1.*.$ Re%e"r&' Overview C'"r!

T'e reser(' %et'!&!)!y !2er2ie5 ('rt Fi4 044. &is+)ys t'e *)!5 !* t'is &issertti!"

reser('4 Dt (!))e(ti!" (!"ti"s t'e ,#)itti2e e>'i$it e2)#ti!"s "& i"te"si2e (#rt!r

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*r%e5!r9s: te9ee+er t'e!ry "& t'e (!-(reti!" !* i&e"tity4 T'e ")ysis !* &t "&

++)i(ti!" !* t'e!ry )e& t'e reser('er t! t'e &e2e)!+%e"t !* ++)i(ti!"s *!r %#se#%

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!* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e4

Fi#re 04. Reser(' O2er2ie5 C'rt

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1.*.* Lii!"!io#% o !'e Re%e"r&'

T'is &issertti!" is t'e re*)e(ti!" !* " e>+)!rt!ry st#&y3 "& is "!t i"te"&e& t! $e

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s'!#)& $e t9e" i" t'e *!r%#)ti!" !* "y e"er)i7ti!"s i" %#se#% reser(' e t! t'e #"i,#e

"t#re !* t'e +!+#)ti!" st#&ie&: %#se#%s4 T'e +!+#)ti!" !* t'is reser(' st#&y is "!t )re

%#se#%3 n3 "& t'e i"&i2i)s i"ter2ie5e& ri" t'e reser(' n0/4 T'#s3 t'e reser('er

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9ey (#rt!ri) 9"!5)e&e3 i4e43 %#se#% (#rt!ri) st** =P#r+!si2e s%+)i" Lr&

Dissertti!"3@ ./0.4 T'is )i%itti!" is %itite& +rti))y $y t'e &&iti!" !* (!"te>t#) reser('

t'ere& i" t"&e% 5it' t'e i"ter2ie5s: e>%i"ti!" !* t'e e>'i$its3 %#se#%3 "& %#se#%

(!))e(ti!"4 T'is reser(' is )s! )i%ite& e!r+'i())y3 "& (#)t#r))y t! t'e )!(ti!" !* t'e

%#se#%s e>%i"e&3 "%e)y N!rt' A%eri(4 H!5e2er3 s!%e e"er)i7ti!"s (!"(er"i" t'e

te9ee+i" %e('"is%s !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e tr"s(e"& e!r+'i( )!(ti!" "& (#)t#r))y #"i,#e

(!))e(ti!"s4

T'e ,#)itti2e "t#re !* t'is reser(' st#&y3 #ti)i7i" i"te"si2e i"ter2ie5s3 (!"ti"s

i"'ere"t )i%itti!"s s#(' s et'i() (!"si&erti!"s3 s%+)e si7e3 "& *i""(i) (!sts4 T'e et'i()

(!"si&erti!" i"'ere"t i" i"te"si2e i"ter2ie5i" is t'e #"$)"(e& +!5er re)ti!"s'i+ $et5ee"

reser('er "& +rti(i+"t 5it'i" t'e (!"2ersti!"4 I"ter2ie5 ,#esti!"s +!se& $y reser('ers

s'!#)& +r!%+t &i)!#e3 $#t s'!#)& "!t +r!2!9e &istress4 As 5it' "y reser(' st#&y3 t'is

&issertti!" is s#$


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t'ese )i%itti!"s3 i"-+ers!" i"te"si2e i"ter2ie5i" +r!2i&e& reter #"&erst"&i" !* %#se#%

(#rt!rs "& t'e te9ee+i" %e('"is%s !* (#rt!ri) 2!i(e4

T'e s#$se,#e"t #se !* Q#)itti2e C!%+rti2e A")ysis QCA t! &es(ri$e t'e

,#)itti2e &t3 "& t! ")y7e t'e &t3 (!"ti"s i"'ere"t )i%itti!"s "& ))!5s *!r !")y

&eree !* =%!&est@ e"er)i7ti!" Ri'!#> Ri"3 .//4 It is "e(essry *!r t'e reser('er t!

(!"s(i!#s)y #ti)i7e QCA $ey!"& t'e *irst ste !* &t s#%%ti!": t! ('e(9 t'e (!'ere"(e !*

&t3 see9 t'e testi" !* 'y+!t'esis "& (!""e(ti!"s t! e>isti" t'e!ries3 "& #)ti%te)y &re t!

+r!+!se t'e e"erti!" !* "e5 t'e!ry Ri'!#> Ri"3 .//4

1.*.+ Dei#i!io#% o Ter%

C!-Creti!": T'e (t !* (reti" t!et'er4 L!#ise G!2ier &e*i"es (!-(reti!" *!r

%#se#%s s =5!r9i" 5it' !#r #&ie"(es $!t' e>isti" "& "e5 t! (rete s!%et'i" t!et'er:

it (!#)& $e %e"i" !r i"ter+retti!" s+(e !r e>'i$iti!" " !")i"e res!#r(e !r (!))e(ti2e

res+!"se@ G!2ier3 .//3 +4 ;4

C!-C#rte&: A" e>'i$it !r %#se#% t't is (#rte& $y %#)ti+)e i"&i2i)s !r r!#+s4

O*te"3 t'is ter% ++)ies t! e>'i$its t't i"2!)2e &i)!#e !r "e!titi!" 5it' (!%%#"ity r!#+s

Litt)er Ni&!!3 .//4

C#)t#r) Herite: T'e I"ter"ti!") C!#"(i) !" M#se#%s ICOM &r5s *r!% se2er)

&e*i"iti!"s !* (#)t#r) 'erite4 T'e res!" *!r &r5i" !" %!re t'" !"e &e*i"iti!" is r!!te& i"

t5! "!ti!"s: *irst3 t't (#)t#re is t"i$)e "& i"t"i$)e se(!"&3 t't (#)t#re is tr"s%issi$)e3 !r

tr"s%issi!" *r!% !"e '#%" t! t'e "e>t4 ICOM t9es seri!#s)y t'e +r!te(ti!" !* t"i$)e "&

i"t"i$)e (#)t#r) 'erite4 A((!r&i" t! ICOM3 =Herite is (#)t#r) +r!(ess !r +er*!r%"(e

t't is (!"(er"e& 5it' t'e ty+es !* +r!(ti!" "& t'e "e!titi!" !* (#)t#r) i&e"tity3 i"&i2i)

"& (!))e(ti2e %e%!ry3 "& s!(i) "& (#)t#r) 2)#es@ S%it'3 .//4 ICOM )s! (!"siste"t)y

&2!(tes t'e i"'ere"t *)e>i$i)ity !* t'e ter% (#)t#r) 'erite: =I* 5e ((e+t t't 'erite is t'e

res#)t !* t'e *!#"&i" !* (erti" "#%$er !* 2)#es3 t'is i%+)ies t't t'ese 2)#es re t'e $sis !*

'erite4 T'ese 2)#es s'!#)& $e e>%i"e&3 $#t )s! s!%eti%es (!"teste& Des2))ees

Miresse3 ./0/3 +4 0

C!"teste& S#$


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(!))e(ti!"3 +reser2ti!"3 re+triti!"3 restit#ti!"3 &is+)y3 e>'i$iti!"3 reser('er #se "&

i"ter+retti!" !* se"siti2e %teri)s ICOM3 .//14

C#rt!r J C#rt!ri) St**: T'e (#rt!r is t'e (#st!&i" res+!"si$)e *!r t'e %#se#% "&

e>'i$its4 T'e =(#rt!ri) st**@ re*ers t! t'e i"&i2i)s 5'! re res+!"si$)e *!r t'e %#se#%3 $!t'

e%+)!yee "& 2!)#"teer ICOM3 .//14 T'e ter% =(#rt!r@ !rii"te& *r!% t'e Lti" 2er$

=(#rre3@ r!#')y tr"s)te& =t! t9e (re !*@Ge!re3 ./03 +4 .4 T'e ter% =(#rt!r@ is #ti)i7e&

t! &es(ri$e t'e =9ee+er@ !* !$ B4

Gte9ee+i" T'e!ry: Gte9ee+i" T'e!ry3 s &e2e)!+e& $y I"*!r%ti!" S(ie"(e3

e>%i"es t'e tr"s*er !* i"*!r%ti!" 5it'i" i2e" (!"te>t4 T'e +rese"(e !* te9ee+er

+r!%!tes %!"it!re& sit#ti!" i" 5'i(' t'e te9ee+er #ti)i7es te9ee+i" %e('"is%s3 s#('

s i"*!r%ti!" se)e(ti!"3 &e)eti!"3 "& '!r&i"3 #+!" t'e i"te"&e& re(i+ie"ts4 T'ese i"*!r%ti!"

re(i+ie"ts re =t'e te&@ !"es "& %y 2ry i" t'e )e2e) !* (!"tr!) t'ey '2e !2er t'e

i"*!r%ti!" 5it'i" t'e (!"te>t Br7i)i-N'!"3 .//3 +4 014

0;


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I&e"tity: A" i"iti) &e*i"iti!" !* i&e"tity is33 =T'e +rti(#)r $ei" "y +ers!" is3 5'te2er

it is $!#t e(' !* #s t't &isti"#is'es y!# !r %e *r!% !t'ers3 &r5s *r!% t'e +rts !* !#r

e>iste"(e t!et'er3 +ersists t'r!#' ('"es3 !r !+e"s t'e 5y t! $e(!%i" 5'! 5e %i't !r

s'!#)& $e@ R!#"&s3 .//13 +4 0;; Seie)3 .//3 +4 ;4

I&e"tity !r9: =I&e"tity 5!r9@ is &es(ri$e& s3 =T'e +r!(ess t'r!#' 5'i(' 5e (!"str#(t3

%i"ti"3 "& &+t !#r se"se !* +ers!") i&e"tity3 "& +ers#&e !t'er +e!+)e t! $e)ie2e i" t't

i&e"tity@ R!#"&s3 .//13 +4 0;4

I%+(t: I%+(t3 s+e(i*i())y !+erti!")i7e& *!r %#se#% reser(' $y Cr!) S(!tt3 &r5s

!" L"&ry et )4 t! $e &e*i"e& s3 =T'!se e**e(ts t't ! $ey!"& t'e rte*(ts "& t'e e"(t%e"t

!* t'e e2e"t 4 4 4 "& '2e (!"ti"#i" i"*)#e"(e #+!"3 "& &ire(t)y t!#('3 +e!+)es )i2es@

L"&ry et )43 i" S(!tt3 .//;4

I"te"si2e I"ter2ie5i": I"te"si2e !r I"-&e+t' i"ter2ie5i" is *!r%t *!r (!"(ti"

,#)itti2e reser('4 I"te"si2e i"ter2ie5i" (!"sists !* &i)!#e $et5ee" t'e reser('er "& t'e

+rti(i+"t i" 5'i(' t'e reser('er #i&es t'e &is(#ssi!"4 T'e re)ti!"s'i+ $et5ee" reser('er

"& +rti(i+"t is "!t "e(essri)y " e,#) !"e3 s t'e reser('er 's trete& ,#esti!"s3 +r!%+ts3

"& strtey *!r t'e (!"2ersti!"4

M#se#%: A %#se#% is i"ter"ti!"))y &e*i"e& s3 =A "!"-+r!*it %9i" +er%"e"t

i"stit#ti!" i" t'e ser2i(e !* s!(iety "& !* its &e2e)!+%e"t3 !+e" t! t'e +#$)i(3 5'i(' (,#ires3

(!"ser2es3 reser('es3 (!%%#"i(tes "& e>'i$its3 *!r +#r+!ses !* st#&y3 e(ti!" "&

e"

Q#)itti2e C!%+rti2e A")ysis: Q#)itti2e C!%+rti2e A")ysis is %et'!& *!r

e>%i"i" t'e &t !* =(se !rie"te&@ st#&y i" !r&er t! =e"e i" &i)!#e $et5ee" (ses

"& t'e!ries@ Ri'!#> Ri"3 .//4

1.+ Overview o S)b%e9)e#! C'"/!er%

T'is &issertti!" $ei"s 5it' " e>te"si2e )itert#re re2ie5 i" C'+ter T5!4 E(' 9ey

(!"(e+t i"tr!(e& i" t'is !2er2ie5 ('+ter is sit#te& 5it'i" t'e ++r!+rite 2i)$)e )itert#re

i" C'+ter T5!3 "& is !r"i7e& i" %""er si%i)r t! t'e +rese"tti!" 5it'i" t'is !2er2ie54

T'e )itert#re re2ie5 (!"ti"s 'ist!ri() $(9r!#"&s3 +r&i%ti( *r%e5!r9 e>+)"ti!"s3 "&

s#%%ries !* (#rre"t reser(' st#&ies i" si%i)r *!(i t! t'is &issertti!"4

0


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C'+terT'ree *#rt'er e>+)!res t'e reser(' %et'!&!)!y !#t)i"e& i" t'is !2er2ie5

('+ter4 Si"i*i("t (!""e(ti!"s $et5ee" t'e reser(' %et'!&!)!y "& t'e +r&i%ti(

*r%e5!r9 !* t'is &issertti!" re 'i')i'te& "& ++r!+rite)y s!#r(e&4

Q#)itti2e reser(' *i"&i"s re +rese"te& i" C'+ter F!#r4 Reser(' *i"&i"s re

!r"i7e& i" t5! se(ti!"s: +rt !"e3 &es(ri+ti2e ")ysis !* e(' %#se#% +rt t5!3 (!%+rti2e

")ysis !* t'e *i2e %#se#%s4 T'e !r"i7ti!" !* C'+ter F!#r re*)e(ts t'e #"i,#e "t#re !*

e(' !* t'e %#se#%s3 $#t )s! tte%+ts t! re*)e(t #+!" t'e si%i)rities "& &i**ere"(es (r!ss t'e

*i2e %#se#%s4

I" C'+ter Fi2e3 t'e reser('er e>+)!re& t'e *i"&i"s3 "& e>+)i"e& t'e re)ti!"s'i+

$et5ee" t'e reser(' *i"&i"s "& t'e reser(' ,#esti!"s4 I" t'is ('+ter3 t'e reser('er

tte%+te& t! i"ter+ret t'e *i"&i"s t! !**er +!ssi$)e "s5ers t! t'e &issertti!" reser('

,#esti!"s4

I" C'+ter Si>3 t'e reser('er +rese"ts (!"()#si!"s "& s#esti!"s *!r *#rt'er reser('4

As t'is &issertti!" is *!(#se& #+!" t'e r!)e !* %#se#% +r(titi!"ers i" t'e s!(i))y i"()#si2e

%#se#%3 it is i%+erti2e t't t'is ('+ter &e)i2ers s#esti!"s *!r *#rt'er reser(' "& rti(#)te

++)i(ti!"s *!r %#se#% +r!*essi!")s4

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* a n u a r y + , -

• / ' t e n s i v e 0 i t e r a t u r e 1 e v i e $

) a y + , -

• 2 r e p a r a t i o n o f ( t u d y 2 r o t o c o l " n s t r u m e n t

( e p t e m b e r + , -

• " 1 3 4 p p r o v a l • 2 i l o t ( t u d y a t t h e T a l l a h a s s e e ) u s e u m

4 p r i l + , - 5

• 2 r o s p e c t u s 2 r e p a r a t i o n 6 e f e n s e

) a y ! 7 c t o b e r + , - 5

• 6 a t a C o l l e c t i o n o n ( i t e a t 8 v e ) u s e u m s

* u n e ! 9 o v e m b e r

+ , - 5

• 6 a t a 4 n a l y s i s

7 c t o b e r + , - 5 ! ) a r c h

+ , - :

• 6 i s s e r t a t i o n W r i t i n g

4 p r i l - + , - :

• 6 i s s e r t a t i o n 6 e f e n s e

4 p r i l + , - : !

• 6 i s s e m i n a t i o n o f ; i n d i n g s

Fi#re 04; Reser(' Ti%e)i"e

01


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CHAPTER $

LITERATURE RE4IEW

$.1 I#!ro2)&!io#

T'e +#r+!se !* t'is C'+ter is t! sit#te t'is &issertti!" reser(' 5it'i" t'e $!&y !*

e>isti" re)e2"t )itert#re4 T'e 'ist!ri() "& +'i)!s!+'i() r!!ts !* t'e *i2e 9ey (!"(e+ts

i"tr!(e& i" C'+ter O"e 5i)) $e tr(e&4 Pr!%i"e"t reser(' st#&ies '2e $ee" e>%i"e& *!r

t'is )itert#re re2ie5 i" !r&er t! sit#te t'is &issertti!" reser(' 5it'i" t'e r!5i" $!&y !*

%#se#% 9"!5)e&e4

$.$ Ke0 Co#&e/! 1 I2e#!i!0 "#2 &o3&re"!io# i# )%e)%

$.$.1 Si-#ii&"#&e o i2e#!i!0 wor5 wi!'i# )%e)%

T'e i%+!rt"(e !* i&e"tity 5!r9 5it'i" %#se#%s (""!t $e #"&eresti%te&4 M#se#%s3

"& i" re)ity3 %#se#% +r!*essi!")s3 '2e #"i,#e r!)e !* i" t'e (!-(reti!" !* i"&i2i) "&

(!))e(ti2e i&e"tities !* %#se#% 2isit!rs4 I&e"tity (reti!" is i%+!rt"t $e(#se 5e i"t#iti2e)y

9"!5 t't 5'e" i"&i2i)s '2e ((ess t! 5'! 5e re3 s +e!+)e3 t! !#r 'ist!ry-- t't 5e

$e(!%e e%+!5ere& t! ('"e !#r 5!r)&4 T'e s!(i))y i"()#si2e %#se#% ('))e"es t'e %#se#%

2isit!r t! *(e t'e +ers!") "t#re !* !#r i&e"tity3 "& i" t'is 5y %#se#%s (t s e"ts !* s!(i)

i"()#si!" S"&e))3 04 M#se#% +r!*essi!")s re +rti(i+"ts i" &i)!#e !* i&e"tity

(reti!": %#se#%s re 'ere t! ssist i"&i2i)s "& (!%%#"ities i" t'e +r!(ess !* i&e"tity

"e!titi!"4

$.$.$ Identity ver%)% identity work i# )%e)%

I" !r&er t! #"&erst"& t'e "t#re !* t'is st#&y3 it is 2it) t! &i**ere"tite $et5ee" identity3

s (!"(e+t3 "& identity work 3 s " (ti!"$)e +r!(ess4 As &e*i"e& +re2i!#s)y3 identity is3=T'e

+rti(#)r $ei" "y +ers!" is3 5'te2er it is $!#t e(' !* #s t't &isti"#is'es y!# !r %e *r!%

!t'ers3 &r5s *r!% t'e +rts !* !#r e>iste"(e t!et'er3 +ersists t'r!#' ('"es3 !r !+e"s t'e 5y

t! $e(!%i" 5'! 5e %i't !r s'!#)& $e@ R!#"&s3 .//13 +4 0;; Seie)3 .//3 +4 ;4 I&e"tity

5!r9 is "e!titi!"3 !r3 =Pr!(ess t'r!#' 5'i(' 5e (!"str#(t3 %i"ti"3 "& &+t !#r se"se !*

+ers!") i&e"tity3 "& +ers#&e !t'er +e!+)e t! $e)ie2e i" t't i&e"tity@ R!#"&s3 .//13 +4 0;4

0


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As (!"(e+t#) t'i"3 identity3 is t't 5'i(' %#se#% 2isit!r $ri"s t! t'e %#se#%3 t't 5'i('

is )tere& $y identity work 5it'i" t'e %#se#%3 "& t't 5'i(' t'e 2isit!r t'e" t9es 5y *r!%

t'e %#se#% e>+erie"(e Lei"'r&t3 .//4 A)t'!#' identity is !*te" &es(ri$e& $y &e%!r+'i(

!$ser2ti!"s3 identity work is +r!(ess3 "& %!re &i**i(#)t t! re&i)y !$ser2e t'" identity4

Reser(' (!"(te& 5it'i" %#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$


31/160

reser(' *!(#se& !" t'e%ti( ")ysis !* %#se#% 2isit!r (!"2ersti!"s4 Prti(i+"ts 5ere

re(!r&e& +ri!r t! e"teri" " e>'i$it3 ri" " e>'i$it3 "& *ter 2ie5i" " e>'i$it Lei"'r&t3

.//4T'e (!"2ersti!"s 5ere (!&e& t'e%ti())y3 )e&i" t! Lei"'r&t "& K"#ts!"s %#se#%

)er"i" %!&e)4 I" t'is %!&e)3 i&e"tity is3 =T't s+e(t !* t'e 2isiti" e>+erie"(e t't is $r!#'t

i" t'r!#' t'e &!!r 5it' t'e 2isiti" r!#+@ Lei"'r&t3 .//3 +4 >i24 Lei"'r&t "& K"#ts!"

!+erti!")i7e& i&e"tity *!r %es#re%e"t t'r!#' t'ree %i" res: e>ter") ('r(teristi(s

&e%!r+'i(s3 %!ti2ti!" *!r t'e %#se#% 2isit3 "& +ri!r 9"!5)e&e Lei"'r&t3 .//3 +4

004

A)t'!#' Lei"'r&t "& K"#ts!" 2ie5 i&e"tity s t'i"3 t'ey )s! (9"!5)e&e t'e

si"i*i("(e !* i&e"tity 5!r9 s "e!titi!" +r!(ess4 T'ey re*er t! t'e i&e"tity 5!r9 s

&i)!#e !r =(!"2ersti!"3@ "& e%+'si7e t't =(!"2ersti!" is t'e re) %!%e"t !* (!-

(!"str#(ti!" !* %e"i"@ Lei"'r&t3 .//3 +4 >24 A&&iti!"))y3 t'eir reser(' 2ie5s i&e"tity s

=%#)ti*(ete&3 sit#ti!"))y &e*i"e& (!"str#(t@ Lei"'r&t3 .//3 +4 04 T'is +ers+e(ti2e !*

i&e"tity %es'es 5e)) 5it' s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry t't &&resses t'e %#)ti*(ete& sit#ti!"))y

&e*i"e& +r!$)e%s !* e>()#si!"4

M#se#% reser('er 6!'" F)9 )s! 2ie5s i&e"tity s =(!"str#(t t't 's t'e +!te"ti) t!

$e ri(')y +re&i(ti2e 2ri$)e si"(e it is s! s+e(i*i( "& (e"tr) t! '!5 +e!+)e (t#))y )i2e t'eir

)i2es@ F)93 .//3 +4 4 F)9 's reser('e& %#se#%s )!"it#&i"))y3 i"()#&i" iterti2e tests

5it' se2er) t'!#s"& 2isit!rs i" te" %#se#%sJ7!!sJ,#ri#%s4 T'r!#' +r!(ess !* 2isit!r

i&e"tity se)*-&e*i"iti!"3 F)9 &eter%i"e& t't = !* )) 2isit!rs 5ere s'!5" t! +!ssess ()er

&!%i""t i&e"tity-re)te& 2isit %!ti2ti!" #+!" e"teri"@ F)93 .//3 +4 4 A +rti(#)r)y

i"teresti" *i"&i" !((#rre& ri" t'e !**-+e9 %#se#% ses!" i" 5'i(' &!%i""t i&e"tity-

re)te& %!ti2e 5s *!#"& i" %#se#% 2isit!rs "er)y 0// !* t'e ti%e F)93 .//3 +4 4

Des+ite t'e re+ete&3 &e*i"iti2e ++er"(e !* F)9s *i"&i"s3 'e is (#ti!#s i" 'is #se !*

=i&e"tity s %e"i"*#) reser(' (!"str#(t3@ re*erri" it s 9i" t! ="i)i" 6e))-O t! t'e 5))@

F)93 .//3 +4 14

F)9 "& Dier9i" (!"te"& t't %#se#% 2isit!rs s!(i))y (!"str#(t t'eir i&e"tity ri"

t'e %#se#% 2isit3 "& &es(ri$e t'e %e%!ries e%$e&&e& i" t'e %i"&s !* %#se#%-!ers t! $e

%#(' %!re t'" re#ritti!" !* (re*#))y (!"str#(te& "rrti2e F)93 .//4 Me%!ries3 t'e

set !* 9"!5)e&e (,#ire&3 (!"sist !* %#)ti-&i%e"si!") s+(e4 I" t'is s+(e3 %#se#% 2isit!r

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2!i(e Be""ett3 03 +4 0.4

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5it' t'e tr"s*er !* i"*!r%ti!" 5it'i" i2e" (!"te>t4 I" t'e

te9ee+er +r!%!tes %!"it!re& sit#ti!" i" 5'i(' t'e te9ee+er #ti)i7es te9ee+i"

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2!i(e !")y i* t'e t'e!ry is #ti)i7e& *!r t'e re2e)ti!" !* re)ti!"s'i+s3 "!t e>+)!itti!" !*

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T'e (ti!"s "& %!ti2ti!"s !* t'ese te9ee+ers $e(%e t'e strti" +!i"t *!r &e2e)!+%e"t !*

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facilitator *#"(ti!"s i" +!siti2e %""er the impeder *#"(ti!"s i" "eti2e %""er "& the

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(!"(e+ts !* s!(i) &e%!(r(y "& (!"*)i(t t'e!ry4 E>()#si!" e>ists i" t'is +r&i% s *#"(ti!"

!* ()ss str#)e4

$.,.$ T'e Rei#i#- o So&i"l I#&l)%io# T'eor0

S!(i) i"()#si!" is !*te" t'e =ss#%e& (!r!))ry@ t! s!(i) e>()#si!"3 $ei"

(!"(e+t#)i7e& s!)e)y i" re)ti!" t! e>()#si!" R5)3 .//3 +4 0.4 I" t'is +ers+e(ti2e3 s!(i)

i"()#si!" "& e>()#si!" re =i"se+r$)e si&es !* t'e s%e (!i"@ R5)3 .//3 +4 0.4 T'e ter%

=s!(i) i"()#si!"@ 's $ee" tt('e& t! s!(i) "& e(!"!%i( t'e!ries3 "& it 's $e(!%e3 si"(e

t'e 0/s3 e"%es'e& i" t'e !2er"%e"t +!)i(ies !* ester" E#r!+e "& t'e U"ite& Ki"&!%

UK Ber"'r&3 ./00 D!&& S"&e))3 .//0 Ne5%" M(Le"3 .//14 T'e %$i#!#s

&is(!#rse !" s!(i) i"()#si!" !*te" (!"ti"s &es(ri+t!rs s#(' s (!%$ti" "& %ititi"

s!(i) e>()#si!"3 yet it rre)y st"&s )!"e s its !5" ter% !*te"3 it is e>+)i"e& i" ter%s !* $ei"

res+!"se t! s!(i) e>()#si!" R5)3 .//4

T'e stre"t' !* s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry is )s! its 5e9"ess: *)e>i$i)ity4 T'e *)e>i$i)ity !*

s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry ))!5s &i2erse #se3 $#t +r!%!tes )itt)e ree%e"t $et5ee" reser('ers4

T'e &is(!#rse !* +!)iti(i"s 's $ee" stee+e& i" t'e (!"si&erti!"s !* $ei" s!(i))y i"()#si2e3

"& t'e *!(#s !* *#"&e& reser(' i" ester" E#r!+e "& t'e UK4 Yet3 t'e e>te"si2e #se !* t'e

ter% is test%e"t t! its %$i#ity3 s it %y $e re&i)y &+te& t! *it (!"2e"ie"t)y i"t! &i2erse

#se R5)3 .// Si)2er3 0 T)i)i3 .//4 T'e &e*i"iti!" !* i"()#si2e s!)#ti!"s re%i"s

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(!"(te& series !* i"ter2ie5s 5it' %#se#% +r!*essi!")s t *!#r UK i"stit#ti!"s4 A (r!ss-

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r!)e !* %#se#%s i" s!(i) i"()#si!"4 T)i)i &eter%i"e& t't 5it'i" t'!se *!#r UK %#se#%s3

=S!(i) i"()#si!" 's re&e*i"e& t'e !r"i7ti!") +ri!rities "& t'e !r"i7ti!") i&e"tity !* t'e

%#se#%3 t'#s (#si" ri++)e e**e(t !" t'e +r!*essi!") (#)t#res "& i&e"tities 5it'i" t'e

%#se#%3 "& t'e $)"(e !* +!5er $et5ee" t'ese@ T)i)i3 .//3 +4 0.4 T'e ./// GLLAM

re+!rt3 +r!(ti!" !* t'e Reser(' Ce"tre *!r M#se#%s "& G))eries t t'e U"i2ersity !*

Lei(ester3 re*)e(te& e>+)!rt!ry reser(' 5it'i" .. %#se#%s (r!ss t'e UK4 T'e GLLAM

reser(' *(e& &i**i(#)ties e t! t'e 2ri!#s &e*i"iti!"s !* s!(i) i"()#si!"3 ter% &ee%e& $y t'e

reser('ers t! $e =*#77y@ Reser(' Ce"tre *!r M#se#%s "& G))eries3 .///3 +4 04

T)i)i (re*#))y i"ter2ie5e& (r!ss-se(ti!" !* %#se#% +ers!""e)3 i"i" %#)ti+)e

+ers+e(ti2es4 I" &!i" s!3 'is 5!r9 i))#%i"te& t'e !r"i7ti!") &i2isi!"s 5it'i" t'e %#se#%4

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s!(i) i"()#si!" s $!t' =e"eri(@ "& (!%+)e> s it is " =!$+)"ti!"s@ T)i)i3 .//3 ++4 0.;-0.4 I"

i"ter2ie5i" %#se#% (#rt!rs (!"(er"i" t'eir &e*i"iti!"s !* s!(i) i"()#si!"3 t'ey

+re&!%i"te)y re*erre& t! s!(i) i"()#si!" s " ((essi$i)ity iss#e4 C#rt!r i"ter+retti!" !*

s!(i) i"()#si!" +!)i(y (e"tere& !" %9i" t'e %#se#% ((essi$)e t! %ri")i7e& (!%%#"ity

r!#+s4 U+!" &ee+er e>%i"ti!"3 it $e(%e ++re"t t't #"&er Ne5 L$!#r !2er"%e"t i" t'e

UK3 t't %9i" t'e %#se#% ((essi$)e 5s "e(essry t! i"(rese %#se#% tte"&"(e %!"

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%#se#% tte"&"(e i" 5y t't 5!#)& re*)e(t t'e &e%!r+'i(s !* t'e +!+#)ti!" !* Briti"4

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(!"(er"i" $r!& s!(i) ('"e3 $#t )$e) *!r %#se#% tte"&"(e ,#!ts4

S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry 's #"i"te"&e& (!"se,#e"(es !" +!)i(y3 "& i" t#r" " i%+(t !"

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r!)e i" s!(i) i"()#si!" i" ter%s !* "#%eri() i"(reses !* %ri")i7e& (!%%#"ity tte"&ees4

M#se#% +r!*essi!")s re+!rte& +er(ei2e& t'ret t! t'eir +r!*essi!") i&e"tity e t! t'e

e%+'sis +)(e& $y +!)i(y %9ers !" +r!2i" t'e "#%eri() ('"es4 T)i)i (!"te"&s t't t'e

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stre"t' !* s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry is (!#"tere& $y t'e 5e9"ess i"tr!(e& t! %#se#%

+r!*essi!") i&e"tity4

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%#se#%s s#(' t't3 =T'e !r"i7ti!") (!"str#(t !* s!(i) i"()#si!" is t! ret e>te"t

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+r!*essi!")s ss!(ite& 5it' " i"()#si2e %#se#%3 $#t !#tsi&e t'e i"stit#ti!"4 I* t'e i"*)#e"(e !*

s!(i) i"()#si!" +!)i(y is t! $e *#rt'er st#&ie&3 t'e +er(e+ti!"s !* %#se#% !#tsi&ers %y yie)&

%!re (!%+)ete +i(t#re4

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++)i(ti!"4 U"ti) re(e"t)y3 s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry 's $ee" *!(#se& !" ++)i(ti!" t! t'e

e(!"!%i(

"& +!)iti() s+e(ts !* e>()#si!"4 Hist!ri())y3 reser(' i"t! s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry

rti(#)tes " (9"!5)e&e%e"t !* (#)t#r) &i%e"si!"s !* e>()#si!" 5it'!#t &&ressi" t'e

s!)#ti!"s t! (#)t#r) e>()#si!"4 S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry %y $e re*i"e& t'r!#' reser(' t!

$e(!%e %!re $)"(e& i" its ++r!(' t! t'e %#)ti+)e &i%e"si!"s !* e>()#si!"4 A" i%+!rt"t

!#t(!%e !* re*i"i" s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry s'!#)& $e t'e $i)ity t! ((!#"t %!re ((#rte)y *!r

t'e (#)t#r) "ee&s !* t'!se $ei" %ri")i7e&4

$.,.+ So&i"l I#&l)%io# T'eor0 or M)%e)%

S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry $e" t! str!")y i"*!r% reser(' i" ester" E#r!+e" "& UK

%#se#%s $y .///4 I" 0-.///3 Pr!*ess!rs Ei)e" H!!+er-Gree"'i))3 Ri('r& S"&e))3 T'e"!

M!#ss!#ri3 "& He)e" ORi" )e& te% !* reser('ers t! st#&y t5e"ty-t5! UK %#se#%s3

res#)ti" i" t'e GLLAM re+!rt Reser(' Ce"tre *!r M#se#%s "& G))eries3 .///3 +4 4

T'r!#' !+e" "& e>+)!rt!ry %et'!&s3 t'e reser('ers &is(!2ere& t't =t'e )(9 !* +!)i(ies "&

s#++!rt@ (!"tri$#te& t! " =i"2isi$i)ity !* t'e 5!r9 $ei" &!"e@ $y %#se#% +r!*essi!")s

Reser(' Ce"tre *!r M#se#%s "& G))eries3 .///3 +4 4 As 5it' t'e reser(' !* T)i)i .//3

t'e %$i#ity !* s!(i) i"()#si!"3 "& =&i2erse ter%i"!)!y@ 5s re2e)e& $y i"ter2ie5s

(!"(te&4 A&&iti!"))y3 t'ese reser('ers re+!rte& s#r+risi" )(9 !* e2)#ti!" !* s!(i)

i"()#si2ity "& si"(ere )(9 !* s!(i) i"()#si!" &2!((y !" t'e +rt !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s

Reser(' Ce"tre *!r M#se#%s "& G))eries3 .///3 +4 4

Reser(' i"t! s!(i) i"()#si!" i" %#se#%s i"e& +!+#)rity *ter t'e +#$)i(ti!" !*

Ri('r& S"&e))s 0 se%i") =M#se#%s s Ae"ts !* S!(i) I"()#si!"4@ S"&e)) +r!+!se& t'e

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i&e"ti*i(ti!" !* t'e s!(i) i"()#si2ity !* "y %#se#% i" 'is ty+!)!y4 His rti()e $r!#'t t'e

s!(i) +#r+!se !* t'e %#se#% t! t'e *!re*r!"t !* %#se!)!y !"(e i"3 &e*i"i" t'e s(!+e !*

%#se#% res+!"si$i)ities4 I" 'is rti()e3 S"&e)) rti(#)tes t'e "ee& *!r (!"ti"#e& reser(' i"t!

%#se#%s "& s!(i) i"()#si!" i" +rti(#)r 'e ())s *!r t'e %es#re%e"t !* t'e s!(i) ('"es

t't !((#r e t! %#se#% i"*)#e"(e S"&e))3 04 S"&e)) +r!+!ses t't s!(i) e>()#si!" is

%#)ti-*(ete& +'e"!%e"!" t't "eti2e)y **e(ts t'e s!(i)3 e(!"!%i(3 +!)iti()3 "& (#)t#r) )i*e

!* $!t' t'e i"&i2i) "& t'e s!(iety S"&e))3 04 T'e s!(i) s+e(t !* e>()#si!" is see" i"

t'e )(9 !* ((ess t! e%+)!y%e"t !++!rt#"ities3 5e)*re !++!rt#"ities3 "& s!(i) !++!rt#"ities4

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#")i9e)y t! tte"&4 P!)iti() +r!$)e%s re i"'ere"t 5it'i" s!(i) e>()#si!" $e(#se t'!se 5'! re

&ise"*r"('ise& *r!% s!(iety re )ess )i9e)y t! +rti(i+te i" t'e +!)iti() +r!(ess3 "& %#(' )ess

)i9e)y t! $e e"ts *!r ('"e4 Per'+s t'e %!st !$2i!#s)y re)te& s+e(t !* %#se#%s 's t! &!

5it' t'e (#)t#r) iss#es !* s!(i) e>()#si!"4 H!5 %#se#%s re+rese"t (#)t#res "& s9 (#)t#res t!

+rti(i+te i" t'e %9i" !* e>'i$its &ire(t)y i%+(ts t'e i"()#si2ity !r e>()#si2ity !* %#se#%

S"&e))3 04

T! e>+)!re t'e &i2erse %e"i"s !* s!(i) i"()#si!"3 "& t'e ter%s ++)i(ti!" i" %#)ti+)e

%#se#% setti"s3 D!&& "& S"&e)) .//0 (!-#t'!re& Including $useums% &erspectives on

$useums, 'alleries, and (ocial Inclusion4 T'is +#$)i(ti!" *r!% t'e U"i2ersity !* Lei(esters

Reser(' Ce"tre *!r M#se#%s "& G))eries t'ere& t'e 2!i(es !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s3

reser('ers3 'e)t' "& s!(i) ser2i(es +r!*essi!")s3 rtists3 "& 'ist!ri"s4 T'is r!#+ $r!#'t

%#)ti+)e +ers+e(ti2es t! t'e e>%i"ti!" !* s!(i) i"()#si!" $#t 5it' !"e +#r+!se i" %i"&: =t't

(#)t#r) !r"isti!"s '2e $!t' t'e +!te"ti) t! e**e(t +!siti2e s!(i) ('"e "& res+!"si$i)ity

t! &! s!@ D!&& S"&e))3 .//03 +4 i4 S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry &ire(ts %#se#%s i" t'e *#)*i))%e"t

!* s!(i) res+!"si$i)ity3 "& &ire(ts reser('ers t! e>+)!re t'e s(!+e !* t'!se res+!"si$i)ities4

S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry 's i"*!r%e& +ri!r reser(' i" %#se#%s $y i))#%i"ti" t'e

e+iste%!)!i() *!#"&ti!"s !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s4 T)i)i .// (!"()#&e& t't3

=M#se#% +r!*essi!")s +er(e+ti!"s3 2ie5s "& e>+erie"(es rest !" t5! &isti"(t

e+iste%!)!i() r!#"&s: !"e is r!!te& i" ++r!('i" t'e %#se#% s " !r"i7ti!" i"

its !5" ri't3 5'i(' re,#ires t'e!reti() "& ")yti( t!!)s &r5" *r!% t'e $r!& *ie)& !*

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t'e s!(i!)!y !* !r"i7ti!"s t'e !t'er &eri2es *r!% t'e r!#"&e& (riti() et'"!r+'y

!* (#)t#r) +!)i(y e**e(ts@ T)i)i3 .//3 +4 0.4

M#se#% +r!*essi!")s '2e !*te" )i"9e& t'eir +'i)!s!+'i() *!#"&ti!"s t! t'eir s#$+ertise

"t'r!+!)!y3 r('e!)!y3 "& %!re re(e"t)y 5it' +r!*essi!") (ree& s rti(#)te& $y t'e

I"ter"ti!") C!#"(i) !" M#se#%s ICOM4 I" ((!r&"(e 5it' ICOM3 =M#se#%s 5!r9 i" ()!se

(!))$!rti!" 5it' t'e (!%%#"ities *r!% 5'i(' t'eir (!))e(ti!"s !rii"te s 5e)) s t'!se t'ey

ser2e@ ICOM3 ./0;3 +4 0/4 M#se#% +r!*essi!")s re $)e t! &r5 *r!% t'e #i&"(e !* ICOM

t! i"*!r% t'eir 5!r93 "& %#se#% reser('ers s'!#)& $e %i"&*#) !* t'e r!)e t't +r!*essi!")

!r"i7ti!"s s#(' s ICOM +)y i" t'e (!"str#(ti!" !* t'eir +'i)!s!+'i() *!#"&ti!"s4

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(ense-$aking 3 " i"*!r%ti!" $e'2i!r t'e!ry &e2e)!+e& $y Bre"& Der2i"3 's $ee"

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reser('er is &ri2e" t! ((!#"t *!r s+ti)3 te%+!r)3 "& (!"te>t ()#es #ti)i7e& $y t'e i"&i2i)

t! $ri&e t't +4

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C!"2ersti!"s@ 8i%%er%" et )43 .//4 Se"se-M9i" +r!2i&e& $!t' t'e!reti() *r%e5!r9

"& +r(ti() %et'!&!)!y *!r #"&erst"&i" t'e *%i)y (!"2ersti!"s #se& t! %9e %e"i"

i" %#se#%s3 stti": =e t9e se"se-%9i" ++r!(' t! #"&erst"& )er"i" +r!(esses3

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t! ttri$#te %e"i" t! "!2e) +'e"!%e"!" t't t'ey see3 'er3 !r !t'er5ise e>+erie"(e@

8i%%er%" et )43 .//3 +4 /4 A)t'!#' Se"se-M9i" 's $ee" ++)ie& t! st#&y t'e

i"&i2i) "& r!#+ (!"2ersti!"s !* %#se#% e>'i$its3 it 's "!t $ee" &!"e s! !" )re s()e4

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%#se#% (!"te>t4

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M)%e) Proe%%io#"l%< "#2 M)%e) 4i%i!or%

S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry )i"s 5e)) +'i)!s!+'i())y 5it' t'e!ries !* t'e s!(i)

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Rer&)ess !* t'e %#se#% e>'i$it (!"te"t !r t'e &i2isi!"s 5it'i" s!(iety3 s!(i) i"()#si!"

t'e!ry *!(#ses reser('er tte"ti!" '!)isti())y !" t'e %#)ti+)e e"ts "& *!r(es t 5!r9 5it'i"

t'e %#se#% e>+erie"(e4

$.,.= A2v"#!"-e% o !'e A//li&"!io# o So&i"l I#&l)%io# T'eor0 i# !'e S!)20 o M)%e)%H"#2li#- Co#!e%!e2 S)b8e&! M"!!er

S!(i) I"()#si!" T'e!ry e>te"&s t'e reser(' !* %#se#%s $ey!"& tr&iti!") &is(#ssi!"s

!* &i2ersity "& %#)ti(#)t#r)is%4 I" &&ressi" t'e %#se!)!i() &i)e%% !* %#se#%

+rese"tti!" !* (#)t#r) 'erite3 Le2i"e 5ise)y re%r9e&3 =T'ere is "! i"stit#ti!") st"(e

&e,#te t! "!t'er (#)t#res rt@ Kr+ L2i"e3 003 +4 01;4 S!(i) i"()#si!" sserts t'e

i%+!rt"(e !* i"()#&i" %!re t'" re+rese"tti!"s !* %ri")i7e& (!%%#"ities3 $#t i" e"i"

%ri")i7e& (!%%#"ities i" t'e (!-(reti!" !* (!%%#"ity 'erite e>'i$its4 Tr&iti!")

++r!('es t! (!%%#"ity re+rese"tti!" i"()#&e &i2ersity3 i" 5'i(' &i**ere"(es re (e)e$rte&3

"& %#)ti(#)t#r)is%3 i" 5'i(' t'e %#se#% (#rtes t'e &i**ere"(es "& si%i)rities $et5ee"

(#)t#res S"&e)) Ni'ti")e3 ./0.3 +4 ;4 S!(i) i"()#si!" s#++!rts t'e r!)e !* (!%%#"ity

se)*-(#rti!"3 e"es i" t'e e>%i"ti!" !* (#)t#r))y se"siti2e %teri)s3 "& %+)i*ies t'e r!)e

!* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s s *(i)itt!rs i" i"*!r%ti!" +r!2isi!"4 Ni'ti")e "& S"&e))

e>+)!re t'e i"ter5!2e" "t#re !* e,#)ity3 &i2ersity "& s!(i) (er$te e>()#si!" 5it'i" s!(iety4 At

*!#"&ti!") )e2e)3 s!(i) i"()#si!" +!siti2e)y ress#res s!(iety !* t5! 9ey sserti!"s: yes3 t'ere

is +r!$)e% i" t'e s!(iety "& yes3 t'ere is s!)#ti!"4 I" %#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$


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%tter3 t'ere is #"i,#e !++!rt#"ity t! !$ser2e s!(i) i"()#si!" i" (ti!"4 A)t'!#' t'is

&2"te %y ++er t! $e )itt)e %!re t'" r'et!ri(3 it 's +r!2!9e& %#(' reser(' t'r!#'!#t

ester" E#r!+e "& t'e UK3 "& s'!#)& "!t $e &is(!#"te&4 I" %#se#% reser('3 t'ere is t'e

!++!rt#"ity t'r!#' s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry t! re)i7e t't3 =C!"trry t! (!"2e"ti!") %#se#%

5is&!% "& &is(i+)i"e-$se& &!%3 reser(' "& s!(i) (ti!" re "!t i"(!%+ti$)e $#t re

"e(essry ))ies@ 6"es3 .//3 +4 0.14 T'is &issertti!" reser(' is es+e(i))y i))#%i"te& $y t'e

(!"stri"t !* +rti(i+"t %#se#%s '"&)i" (!"teste& s#$()#si!" !" %#)ti&i%e"si!") )e2e):

(#)t#r)3 e(!"!%i(3 +!)iti()3 "& s!(i)4 S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry ))!5s *!r t'e re(!"iti!" t't

t'ere is "! !"e s!)#ti!" t! s!(iet) +r!$)e%s !* &i2isi!" "& %ri")i7ti!"4 T'e

%#)ti&i%e"si!") "t#re !* e>()#si!"3 !"(e re2e)e& $y s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry3 %y t'e" $e

t(9)e& $y %#)ti&is(i+)i"ry te%s4 Pre2i!#s)y #se& t'e!ries s#(' s te9ee+i"3 (!%%#"ities

!* +r(ti(e3 "& se"se-%9i" %y $e #%e"te& $y t'e &&iti!" !* s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry

+ers+e(ti2e4

T'e i"*"(y !* s!(i) i"()#si!" ter%i"!)!y is +r!$)e%ti(3 yet it %y !**er reser('ers

t'e !++!rt#"ity t! 5!r9 5it' %#se#% +r(titi!"ers t! &esi" st"&r& 2!($#)ry i" reser('

st#&ies3 s#(' s t'is &issertti!"4 A st"&r&i7e& s!(i) i"()#si!" 2!($#)ry is " i%+!rt"t ste+

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i" t'e +r!(ti!" !* 2)#$)e %#se#% ssess%e"t t!!)s4 T'e &e%"&s !* +!)i(y %9ers t!

+r!(e %es#r$)e s!(i) ('"e %y $e (!#"tere& $y i"stry &e*i"iti!"s !* s!(i) i"()#si!"

"& %#se#% +r!*essi!") ss!(iti!"s4 S!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry %y ser2e s *r%e5!r9 t!

#i&e t'e +r!(ti!" !* st"&r&i7e& 2!($#)ry *!r t'e rti(#)ti!" !* $!t' t'e s!(i) r!)e !* t'e

%#se#%3 "& t'e si"i*i("(e !* e2)#ti" e**e(ti2e)y t't s!(i) r!)e4

T'e s!(i))y i"()#si2e r!)e !* %#se#% is #"9"!5" "& #"%es#re&3 &es+ite t'e

ss#%+ti!" t't %#se#%s (" "& re (ti" s e"ts !* s!(i) ('"e4 S"&e)) 's s9e&3 =I*

%#se#%s (!"tri$#te t!5r& t'e e>()#si!" !* r!#+s "& i"&i2i)s *r!% s!(iety3 %i't t'ey )s!

+!ssess t'e (+$i)ity t! 'e)+ retrie2e "& re-i"terte t'!se e>()#&e&@ S"&e))3 03 +4 /4

M#se#%s 5ie)& tre%e"&!#s +!5er t! ('"e s!(iety3 t! #+'!)& s!(iety3 "& t! **ir% s!(iety4

S!(i) i"()#si!" &2!(tes t't e2ery!"e s'!#)& '2e ((ess t! "& $e re+rese"te& $y %#se#%s3

t'#s )i%iti" t'e %ri")i7ti!" !* +rti(#)r r!#+s4 A ,#esti!" re%i"s #""s5ere&: t! 5't

&eree3 i* "y3 &!es s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry i"*)#e"(e %#se#% +!)i(y3 +r(ti(e3 "& i%+(t

I" t'e e>%+)e !* Ly"& Ke))ys reser(' !" s!(i) i"()#si!" i" A#str)i" %#se#%s3

+!)i(y %9ers '2e re(!"i7e& t'e si"i*i("(e !* s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry ++)i(ti!" *!r

%#se#% s!(iet) i%+(t %es#re%e"t4 Ke))y re+!rts3 =M#se#%s Ar('i2es Li$rries C!#"(i) 's

t9e" )e&i" r!)e i" res !* s!(i) i"()#si!" "& %es#ri" )er"i" "& i%+(t (r!ss t'e

(#)t#r) se(t!r i" t'e U"ite& Ki"&!%3 5'i(' 's +r!2i&e& #se*#) te%+)te *!r !t'ers t! &+t

"& )er" *r!%@ Ke))y et )43 .//13 +4 14 As s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry is i%+)e%e"te& i" %#se#%

+!)i(y3 +r(ti(e3 "& e2)#ti!"3 it 5i)) $e e2e" %!re "e(essry t! +#$)i(i7e t'e s!(i) +#r+!se !*

%#se#%s )est t'e 5!r9 $e(!%e i"2isi$)e Reser(' Ce"tre *!r M#se#%s "& G))eries3 .///4

T'is &issertti!" reser(' i"t! s!(i) i"()#si!" t'e!ry ++)i(ti!"s *!r %#se#%s %y $ri"

tte"ti!" t! t'e i"2isi$)e 5!r9 !* %#se#% +r!*essi!")s "& *#rt'er t'e s!(i) +#r+!se !*

%#se#%s4

$.; Ke0 Co#&e/! , M)%e)% H"#2li#- Co#!e%!e2 S)b8e&! M"!!er

$.;.1 C)l!)r"ll0 Se#%i!ive M"!eri"l

T'e I"ter"ti!") C!#"(i) !" M#se#%s ICOM 's ('re& %#se#%s3 "& %#se#%

+r!*essi!")s 5it' (!&e !* et'i(s4 T'is (!&e sttes t'e +ri%ry +#r+!se !* t'e %#se#% is t!

=+reser2e i"ter+ret "& +r!%!te t'e "t#r) "& (#)t#r) i"'erit"(e !* '#%"ity@ I"ter"ti!")

C!#"(i) !* M#se#%s3 .//13 +4 2i4 It is i""te)y re(!"i7e& t't s!%e %teri) (!))e(te& $y

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%#se#%s is !* %!re se"siti2e "t#re t'" !t'ers4 ICOM &&resses t'e "ee&s !* =(#)t#r))y

se"siti2e %teri)@ 5it'i" t'e (!&e !* et'i(s:

=C!))e(ti!"s !* '#%" re%i"s "& %teri) !* s(re& si"i*i("(e s'!#)& $e (,#ire&

!")y i* t'ey (" $e '!#se& se(#re)y "& (re& *!r res+e(t*#))y4 T'is %#st $e ((!%+)is'e&

i" %""er (!"siste"t 5it' +r!*essi!") st"&r&s "&

the socially inclusive role of curatorial voice

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