the six kingdoms

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Page 1: The six kingdoms
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Bird’s Eyeview of the Living World

The Six Kingdom of Classifiction

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The History of Classification

• In the 1700’s, Linnaeus separated all life into 2 Kingdoms: Plants and Animals.

• More kingdoms added as knowledge of the diversity of organisms increased.

• We currently have 6 Kingdoms. • Remember: Kingdoms are the broadest taxon:

KPCOFGS

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Six Kingdoms in Taxonomy

organized according to type of cells, ability to make food, number of cells in body

1. Archaebacteria2. Eubacteria3. Protists4. Fungi5. Plants6. Animals

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Terminology

Getting foodautotrophs – make own foodhetertrophs – get food from other sources

Type of cellsprokaryotic – no nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA is circular (plasmid), do contain ribosomes, smallereukaryotic – with a nucleus and organelles, DNA in chromosomes, larger

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Terminology Continued

Body typeunicellular – made of only one cellmulticellular – made of more than one cell;

-have cells with special functions Reproduction

sexual – need male and female parentsasexual – need only one parent

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

Go to Section:

Cell Type Prokaryote

Number of Cells Unicellular

Nutrition Autotroph or Heterotroph

Location Extreme Environments Volcanoes, Deep Sea Vents, Yellowstone Hot Springs

Examples Methanogens Thermophiles

-”ancient bacteria”-existed before dinosaurs

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Extreme Environments

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Kingdom Eubacteria

Go to Section:

E. coli

Streptococcus

Cell Type Prokaryote

Number of Cells Unicellular

Nutrition Autotroph or Heterotroph

Examples Streptococcus, Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Chemical makeup is different from that of archaebacteria.

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A Typical Bacteria Cell

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Kingdom Protista

Go to Section:

Paramecium

Green algae

Amoeba

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Most Unicellular, some multicellular

Nutrition Autotroph or Heterotroph

Examples Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena,

-“odds and ends” kingdom because its organisms are pretty different from one another

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A Typical Protist

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Kingdom Fungi

Go to Section:

Mildew on Leaf

Mushroom

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Most multicelluar, some unicelluar

Nutrition Heterotroph

Example Mushroom, yeast, mildew, mold

Most Fungi are DECOMPOSERS

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FUNGI

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FUNGI includes:Unicellular Yeast

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A Typical Fungal Cell

Fungal Cells HAVE CELL WALLS !!!!

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Kingdom Plantae

Go to Section:

Ferns : seedless vascular

Sunflowers: seeds in flowers

Douglas fir: seeds in cones

Mosses growing on trees

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Multicellular

Nutrition Autotroph

Examples Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

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Typical Plant Cell

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Kingdom Animalia

Go to Section:

Sage grouse

Poison dart frog

Bumble bee

Sponge

Jellyfish

Hydra

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Multicellular

Nutrition Heterotroph

Examples Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals

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Typical Animal Cell

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The Six Kingdoms Review

• Eubacteria- “true” bacteria (prokaryotic)• Archaebacteria – “ancient” bacteria (prokaryotic”• Protista – WEIRD organisms!!!! (eukaryotic)• Fungi – digest dead or decaying matter (eukaryotic)• Plantae - stationary, photosynthetic (eukaryotic)• Animalia – mobile heterotrophs (eukaryotic)