the senate forum · 2016. 1. 5. · robert voeks is professor of ge-ography and coordinator of the...

FORUMA publication of the Academic Senate California State University FullertonVolume XVI Number 1 Winter 2001

THE SENATE

Special Theme IssueScholarly and Creative Activity

A View From the UniversityPersonnel Committee

Dr Ed Trotter

Ed Trotter is professor of Com-munications He is chair of theUniversity Personnel Committeeand is past chair of the AcademicSenate the University HonorsBoard the campus budget com-mittee and other campus commit-tees He has been co-author ofseveral research grants and con-tracts exceeding some $400000in awards

One of the longest running dramas on the Fullerton stage hasbeen the production of Scholarly and Creative Activity ThePublishing Perils of Pauline and Her Colleagues Professorsaspiring to gain tenure and promotion reprise the play annu-ally Some call it a tragedy while others laugh at its comedicvalue Thus as with all works of beauty it remains in the eyeof the beholder And certainly over the years the play has gone

A Word from theFaculty Coordinator

Dr Andrew Gill

(Continued on page 8)

Andrew Gill is a professor withthe Department of EconomicsHe currently serves as FacultyCoordinator for Scholarly andCreative Activities and is a co-editor for Contemporary Eco-nomic Policy Andrewrsquos researchinterests are in the areas of La-bor Economics and AppliedEconometrics

Way back when a well-knowneconometrician came to CSUF to

deliver a seminar At a luncheon sponsored by the EconomicsDepartment our guest turned to me and asked why I had chosento study labor economics Well I was young I was new and Iwas feeling a bit like a deer caught in the headlights Neverthe-less I managed to respond without a blink that the data setswere better in labor economics Understandably my colleagues

Patricia L Bril is the Associate University Librarian ofPollak Library Currently serving on CSUFrsquos Instruc-tional Facilities and ldquoRolloutrdquo Committees she is aformer member of the Academic Senate and previouslychaired the Senatersquos Research Committee

Supporting scholarly and creative activities of faculty isa fundamental responsibility of the University and thePollak Library serves a primary role in this endeavorWhile no University Librarymdashincluding those at institu-tions with large endowments andor extensive research

The Role of the LibraryDr Patricia L Bril

programsmdashcan be self-sufficient in meet-ing the many and diverse needs of itscommunity each seeks within the avail-able resource base to provide the mostresponsive core of support possibleSelecting which materials and servicesbest meet our universityrsquos needs amongthe seemingly limitless array of choicesis our constant challenge and one inwhich we regularly welcome the input of



2

From the Editor

A Funny Thing Happenedon the Way to the Forum

Sorel Reisman

Sandra Sutphen

What Do We Want to Accomplish

Sandra Sutphenis the Chair ofthe AcademicSenate and Chairof the Depart-ment of Politi-cal Science andCriminology

Those of us whohave been privi-leged to serve on

committees that assess professionalrecordsmdashthe erstwhile ldquopissiesrdquo depart-ment personnel and FMI committees forinstancemdashleave these experiences with aunanimous opinion our colleagues are in-credibly productive They care about stu-dent learning and they engage in lots ofresearch

CSUF Faculty are productive researchersThere is actually ldquohardrdquo evidence thatsupport these opinions When the WASCTask Force compared the data gatheredfrom CSUF faculty with that compiledin a nationwide survey conducted byUCLArsquos Higher Education Research In-stitute our faculty published more andspent more time with students than thenational average According to the HERIsurvey 426 of the national sample hadpublished ldquobooks monographs or manu-alsrdquo in the past two years nearly 62 ofCSUF faculty had done so Generallyour faculty published more articles andprofessional papers than the nationalnorm and spent more hours per week onscholarly and research writing And whilemany faculty receive minimal if any sup-

port for research as a group we believethat research is highly valued by our col-leagues Interestingly this is more truefor men than women To see the fullanalysis visit the WASC Website TheHERI survey may be found at httpwwwfullertoneduwascphase_iiappen-dixHERI_Faculty_Surveypdf

These data confirm what we think weknow about the research culture here oncampus All of our official documentsmdashour mission statement our personnelpolicies particularly UPS 210 ourcollegersquos goals and objectivesmdashstress ourmission of learning But our real valueslie in our research agenda Ask any jun-ior faculty member


A few months ago Andy Gill called toask me what I thought about the FDCrsquosnew Research Coordinator position thatwas being advertised by Academic Af-fairs I told him that I thought it was ahopeless task that no mortal could everdo well and anyone taking the positionwas doomed to fail This term ldquoresearchrdquomeans so many different things on ourcampus and is treated so differently inthe RTP process from College to Collegethat I couldnrsquot imagine how one personcould satisfy the needs of such a broadspectrum of definitions

Sure enough like most people Andy ig-nored my advice applied and was se-lected for the position In the few shortmonths that I have been working withAndy in the Faculty Development Cen-ter it is obvious to me that I was wrongPerhaps the job is a difficult one but

Andyrsquos enthusiasm for assisting facultyin their pursuits of scholarly and creativeactivities seems limitless The programshe is defining and moving forward arecertain to be helpful to new faculty aswell as to old timers who want to try tostay young through creative academicpursuits To this end I invited Andy tohelp me to put together this special issueof the Senate Forum that you are nowreading

I have mentally categorized the articlesin this issue into three groups The firstof these have been written by colleaguesactively and directly involved in the pur-suit of scholarly and creative activitiesWe are fortunate to have scholars andcontributors such as these on our cam-pus and even more extraordinarily for-tunate that they were willing and evenenthusiastic about sharing their experi-

ence and suggestions with us As I re-viewed their papers I was quite surprisedto learn of their broad range of experi-ence ndash from the playing fields of Fuller-ton to the rain forests of South America

The second group of papers too is by fac-ulty but their contributions to this issueof the Senate Forum are revealing in adifferent way These colleagues are kindenough to share their thoughts with usregarding the Academic Senatersquos pro-cesses and procedures that reward ourscholarly and creative activities Finallythe third group of articles describes someof the resources at CSUF available to usto help carry out our professorial respon-sibilities There can be little doubt thatall the Senate-passed resolutions in theworld would be ldquoacademicrdquo withoutstrong university administrative supportto help us

One of the themes that struck me as I readthrough the articles is the strong relation-ship that exists between our missions ofteachinglearning and scholarly and cre-ative activities It is clear that when we


3

Dr Kolf Jayaweera

Faculty Research at aComprehensive University

Research Merit Pay and the CoachDr Maryalyce Jeremiah

Kolf Jayaweera is a professor ofPhysics and the dean of the Col-lege of Natural Sciences andMathematics He serves as amember of the Board of Direc-tors of the Desert Studies Con-sortium Ocean Studies Instituteand CSUF Foundation

One of the fundamental purposesof a comprehensive universitysuch as ours is to develop alearning environment where fac-ulty and students accept change

and acknowledge that the world of knowledge and creativeacts are never static Scholarship in which research is a sub-set by faculty involving students then is a very important com-ponent of such a university At the core of the California StateUniversity Fullerton (CSUF) mission is a strong belief thatscholarship is expected of faculty The first goal of the CSUFMission and Goals statement is to ensure preeminence of learn-ing To this end the campus integrates teaching scholarly andcreative activities and the exchange of ideas Then the cam-pus defines several strategies to enhance scholarly and creative

Robert Voeks is Professor of Ge-ography and Coordinator ofthe Environmental Studies Pro-gram His principal research in-terests are tropical forest ecologyand cultural geography of Bra-zil and Borneo

Looking back my introduction tothe opportunities for internationalresearch as a soon-to-be CSUFfaculty member was mixed at bestAs a recent PhD candidate in ge-ography I had been led to believe

by my mentors that mine was to be a career of the mind and thefield ndash tackling significant research topics designing appropri-ate experimental designs seeking external funding and then jour-neying off to some exotic locale to investigate the problem Whata great life Thatrsquos why I got into geography thatrsquos why most ofus did When I interviewed at CSUF in 1987 I had recentlyreturned from nearly two years of fieldwork in Brazil I as-sumed that it had been the first of many glorious field seasons

This naiumlve view of my scholarly future was corrected in shortorder during the interview process actually even before I was

Dr Robert Voeks

International Research

Maryalyce Jeremiah is the SeniorAssociate Director of Athletics at CSUFShe is a member of the Executive Com-mittee of the Academic Senate serves onthe University Planning Committee andis the Chair of the NCAA National

Division IWomenrsquos Bas-ketball Com-mittee thatselects andseeds the 64teams thatp lay in theNational Bas-ketball Cham-pionship inMarch

Sports of a school tell us somethingabout the character of the social in-stitution of higher education inAmerica How those sports are runthe behaviors that are tolerated ordemanded and the problems whichremain unsolved tell us somethingof the nature of higher educationand the American society on whichit is dependent

Donald Chu Jeffrey Segrave and Beverly BeckeSport and Higher Education 1985 p 26

While this idea may be frightening to someit is at best sobering to others for it trans-lates into both the best and worst about in-tercollegiate athletics While the publictrust in higher education in general has de-clined in recent years the biggest challenge

for athletics is to further illustrate how itcan be used effectively to assist higher edu-cation in fulfilling its mission

Historically athletic programs that were in-tegrated into institutions of higher learn-ing justified their existence based on sev-eral claims Early on it was thought thatathletics in a university had the potentialto recruit students and to generate dollarsThese two objectives ranked high at thetime with leaders in higher educationtherefore athletics gained what proved tobe a strong foothold into academia muchto the dismay of those who did not see thevalue of sports in an educational setting

With the infiltration of the entertainmentelement intercollegiate athletics programs(Continued on page 15)

(Continued on page 11)(Continued on page 9)

4

Maria C Linder is Professor of Biochemistry in the De-partment of Chemistry and Biochemistry Has servedas a member of the Faculty Senate and on numerousuniversity and department committees including theFaculty Personnel Committee and Faculty ResearchCommittee She is recipient of continual grant supportfrom the National Institutes of Health National ScienceFoundation and others She is a Member of the Nutri-tion Study Section at NIH and various other grant re-viewing committees She is executive editor AnalyticalBiochemistry and was CSUF Outstanding Professor1985 and CNSM distinguished Faculty Member 1997Maria C Linder is Professor of Biochemistry in the De-

partment of Chemistry and Biochemistry Has served as a member of the FacultySenate and on numerous university and department committees including the FacultyPersonnel Committee and Faculty Research Committee She is recipient of continualgrant support from the National Institutes of Health National Science Foundation andothers She is a Member of the Nutrition Study Section at NIH and various other grantreviewing committees She is executive editor Analytical Biochemistry and was CSUFOutstanding Professor 1985 and CNSM distinguished Faculty Member 1997

Dr Maria C Linder

The Importance of Research and Grant Support

The research tradition at CSUFOne of the strengths of our particularCalifornia State University campus hasbeen the culture and tradition of recog-nizing research and scholarly activity asfundamental to our successes in teach-ing within our disciplines This was onereason I felt I could grow and be happyhere when I was seeking a position inSouthern California and consideringleaving an Associate Professorship atMIT in 1976 The department I was en-tering contained lively teacher scholarsin touch with the cutting edge of theirdisciplines It was evident that researchand scholarship were taken to be thefoundation for good teaching and otherprofessorial activities I came to learnthis was so because of the attitudes of the

Dr Bin Cong

Needed A Better Research Environment for Untenured Faculty

Bin Cong is an Associate Professor in the Departmentof Computer Science member of International ProgramCommittee and Editorial Board for several major con-ferences and journals in Parallel and Distributed Com-puting

Before joining Computer Science Department in 1998 Ispent eight years at South Dakota State University and CalPoly San Luis Obispo This experience gives me the ad-vantage of seeing the research environment at CSUF fromdifferent perspectives I believe that the role of researchshould be related to the mission of the university and itshould be different from the one in the UC System In myfield faculty need to pursue research and scholarly activi-ties in order to keep up with current progress in order to

bring the most recent technologies into the classroom The key is that the results of ourfacultyrsquos research efforts should be to enhance their teaching and benefit our students

My research experience at CSUF has been mixed There is a reasonably good supportenvironment in place here The university provides quite a few small funding programsto support our research effort and the staff at our Research and Grant office works veryhard to help faculty in their efforts to obtain outside funding It seems to me that ourcollege and department are doing their best with very limited resources to help new anduntenured faculty to start and continue their research efforts On the other hand there aremany challenges for untenured faculty to improve themselves professionally and to con-duct productive research The following are just a few examples (Continued on page 16)

uArr The toughest thing for most new facultyis to find enough time to conduct qualityresearch in their first couple of years atCSUF A heavy teaching load can easilyoverwhelm someone without any teachingexperience in a school like CSUF In a dy-namic field such as Computer Science it ishard for anyone trying to take on a researchproject if heshe has not closely followedprogress in the field

uArr It is extremely hard to find quality gradu-ate students who can help faculty conductmeaningful research Most of our graduatestudents have outside jobs they just can-not devote the time necessary to a complexresearch project

uArr There is little collaboration among faculty

uArr It is hard to compete for Federal funding

uArr Research is only driven by publicationsI have been told many times that the mostimportant measurement of a faculty


5

Advice for New-ComersDr C Jessie Jones

C Jessie Jones Professor in the Division of Kinesiol-ogy and Health Promotion She currently serves on theUniversity Personnel Committee University Advance-ment Committee the University Institute for Gerontol-ogy and conducts research in the area of delaying theonset of physical frailty in later life

In 1992 I was hired as an Associate Professor for the Di-vision of Kinesiology and Health Promotion (KHP) andDirector of Gerontology Programs The director positionat the time was responsible for coordinating the academicgerontology programs coordinating community outreachefforts for the Ruby Gerontology Center and developing

an interdisciplinary research agenda in gerontology My current status at CSUF is Pro-fessor in the Division of KHP co-director for the Center for Successful Aging andacting coordinator for gerontology programs My research agenda was and continuesto be focused on reducing the onset of physical frailty among older adults I have astrong belief that conducting applied research is a major responsibility of all fac-ulty within the CSU System and that it enhances the teaching of course material

What is ldquogoodrdquo about the research envi-ronment and faculty support at CSUF isstrongly influenced by the CollegeDe-partment with which the faculty memberis affiliated As a faculty member for theCollege of Human Development andCommunity Service (HDCS) within theDivision of Kinesiology and Health Pro-motion (KHP) I have had a supportiveenvironment to conduct my research In1993 Acting Dean of Humanities andSocial Science (HampSS) Dr Chris Cozbyapproved the use of some of the facili-ties at the Ruby Gerontology Center(RGC) to develop the Lifespan WellnessClinic as a facility to support my researchagenda In addition Dr Tom KlammerAssociate Dean of HampSS during the eraof Dr Don Castro championed my re-search supported an increase in my as-sign time from 2 to 4 as the Director ofGerontology Programs and was veryhelpful in facilitating collaborative re-search efforts between KHP and Geron-tology Programs

The Dean of HDCS Dr Soraya Coleyalso provided release time and fundingfor some equipment to conduct my re-search and travel money to present re-sults at professional conferences In ad-dition when I asked her about supportfor hiring a person as a gerontology re-search scholar to help us at the LifespanWellness Clinic she made it happenMost importantly she has encouragedand supported my interdisciplinary inter-ests in the field of gerontology and wasinstrumental in the approval process forthe new Center for Successful Aging

I have also received outstanding supportfor my research agenda from the Divi-sion Chair of KHP Dr Roberta Rikli andfrom the faculty Prior to coming toCSUF Roberta and I had started to con-duct research together Because our re-search skills have complimented eachother we have been quite successful withour research projects and publications Inaddition the faculty of KHP is a super

Stuart Ross is Director of the Office ofGrants and Contracts He is a memberof several university committees orboards that relate to grants or research

By most ac-counts thequality andquantity ofresearch atCSUF rankswell com-pared toother CSUc a m p u s e sand similaruniversities

(For this article ldquoresearchrdquo is defined toinclude creative activity in the arts and hu-manities) There has been more externallysupported research as part of the growthin grants overall mdash from just over $4 mil-lion in 1989-90 to almost $12 million in1999-00 and the CSUF research portfo-lio is broader still funds are raised forresearch by University Advancement re-search is done without external sponsor-

Managing for ResearchDr Stuart Ross

ship intramural programs support studentresearch and the departments and collegesinvest in research facilities The growthof research programs greatly exceeds thegrowth of FTES and FTEF We shouldcongratulate ourselves on this progress

Of course still more could be done to stimu-late research mdash perhaps more intramuralgrants more matching funds more releasetime from teaching more grants seminarsor more grant writers Such efforts wouldindeed help But I believe the universityis at a point where the more important ques-tions concern how CSUF provides man-agement support for the research enter-prise

Research is a management exercise as wellas an academic one For the individualresearcher and for the university it involvesmany relationships mdash with reviewers andeditors at least and often also with collabo-rators accountants regulators publicistsand sponsors Doing research also has realeffects mdash on industry society students and


6

Walter Hettich is a professor with the Department ofEconomics Among his recent publications is Demo-cratic Choice and Taxation A Theoretical and Em-pirical Analysis (co-authored with Stanley L Winer)Cambridge University Press 1999

Research is largely a forward-looking enterprise Wewant to test new ideas extend existing theory showold problems in a new light find unexpected and sur-prising solutions Yet looking ahead has to be done inthe context of past work of what others have createdbefore us of what has already been achieved Withoutknowledge of the history of our fields we lack needed

tools we are likely to simply repeat solutions that already exist or we fail to seeconnections and interpretations that would add much value to what we may produce

The tension between future and past is only one of the tensions that arises in doingsuccessful work Another one that seems equally important to me is the oppositionof big and small By big I mean thinking big taking on large questions going for amajor contribution Small on the other hand refers to the taking of limited manage-able measured steps As I use the word here we work on a small scale if we decideto solve workable problems to take limited risks to approach what seems doable ina reasonable amount of time

I shall argue in this short essay that the contradiction between big and small is onlyan apparent one In fact I would like to encourage my colleagues particularly theyounger ones to devote more attention to the big topics and to questions that mayseem to be too large to be solved readily in one step I do believe that we can haveboth the big and the manageable if we do it right To me this seems one of those rareinstances where we can have our cake and eat it too

Since my argument is based on my own experience I will have to refer to my ownwork I have noticed recently that at my age it becomes inevitable to look backoccasionally at what one has accomplished and achieved When I was in such aretrospective mood the other day I realized that my own research experience can beseparated into two different periods A significant shift occurred in the early 1980rsquoswhen I turned my attention to the topics that have occupied me since Somehowwork became more fun from then on I felt I was doing something more significantsomething that would lead to further interesting work something that had its ownmomentum This is not to say that I had not been successful before by academicstandards I had readily passed the various hurdles for promotion before the break inmy thinking occurred But the shift created a new dynamic one that I felt wouldcarry me to where I really wanted to go even though it was not entirely clear at thetime exactly where that would be

What happened is simply this I began to think big It is not always easy to explain tocolleagues in other fields what ldquobigrdquo means in onersquos own discipline I work in thearea of public economics where we use the tools and methods developed by econo-mists and statisticians to understand and explain public policies that have a majoreconomic component It is an old field historians of thought trace it back at least tothe so-called cameralists civil servants and statesmen of the 17th and 18th centuries

Dr Walter Hettich

Thinking Big Taking Small Steps

who left us voluminous writings on fis-cal matters Like most subjects my fieldundergoes periodic changes in methodsand viewpoints as well as changes in fo-cus and in scope of interest among re-searchers

What I saw in the early 1980rsquos was a ma-jor gap in understanding At least it ap-peared to me that way Several mathema-ticians political scientists and economistshad developed an interesting new bodyof theoretical work dealing with votingprocesses in the preceding two decadesAnd yet no one was using this work toapproach the major problems of appliedpublic economics in a comprehensive andunified manner

Could this highly theoretical work or theideas behind it be used to solve the moreapplied problems in my field in a sys-tematic and comprehensive way Thequestion tantalized me And it energizedme I wanted to work on this although Irealized that it would be a big undertak-ing It was my good luck that a friendand colleague of mine who teaches inCanada also began thinking along thesame lines and that we were subse-quently able to combine our energies totackle many of the questions that pre-sented themselves in joint work

Thinking big is one thing being a suc-cessful researcher on an ongoing basis isanother Luckily I had enough experienceat the time to realize that I would have toproceed in manageable steps In my fieldresearch is published primarily in theform of articles each representing a lim-ited but well-defined piece of work thatmust stand on its own The challenge wasto break down large questions intosmaller ones without losing the biggerpurpose (a purpose that did not have tobe disclosed to the reader or referees)

To my surprise I found that the combi-nation of big and small made me a betterand more motivated researcher I became


7

(Continued from page 6)

Thinking Big Taking Small Stepsmore interested for example in learningnew techniques since it was clear that Icould use them again later New topicspresented themselves more readily sincethe larger questions remained in mymind as I worked on particular aspectsof a topic And I became more aware ofdifferent audiences that could be reachedwith the work that I was doing Aboveall the original challenge was alwaysthere something still to be dealt with inan integrated manner

I write about my own experience since Iwould like to use it to motivate others tolook toward big questions in a focussedway even while proceeding in smallermanageable steps I realize of coursethat all of us have to live within institu-tional restrictions that there are require-ments and timetables for promotion andthat there are other duties in our careersthat command our attention Yet I believethat it is important to see that these re-strictions if we experience them as suchdo not preclude us from thinking bigfrom making a significant contribution tothe large questions in our disciplines

Of course we need persistence to pursue agrand strategy even if we do it in mea-sured and linked steps Yet the rewards canbe great They go well beyond the addedmomentum in the research process Oth-ers in the larger academic community be-gin to take notice of our point of view aswe develop it in more detail and as wetreat different aspects that require solutionsAs a result we may be invited to partici-pate in conferences or to contribute tobooks of collected articles since our viewsbecome acknowledged and valued (or val-ued enough to be discussed and perhapsopposed) And as our body of work growswe have the possibility to rework earliercontributions and to combine them withnew material into a synthesis that presentsour full vision To do this can give us asatisfaction and appreciation of our fieldand our own accomplishments that sepa-rate unconnected steps can never offer

In many disciplines research is an indi-vidual endeavor Yet it does take place in acommunity of researchers Can we do any-thing as a community of scholars to fosterthe dual skills of thinking big and pro-

ceeding in manageable steps

I believe that it would help greatly if wewere more open to discussions that placeour work in a larger context even thoughsuch discussions have of necessity a cer-tain vagueness to it In a field such as eco-nomics a knowledge and command ofquantitative and mathematical tools re-mains of course important mdash I am notcalling for replacing well-focussed presen-tations with what is merely speculative ButI would like to encourage a wider recogni-tion of the very real advantages of work-ing in a larger context particularly amongthose of my colleagues who are at the startof their research careers

In my own career this recognition cameonly at a later stage perhaps because fewof my teachers or colleagues shared big-ger visions with me or helped me to seehow thinking big combined with smallersteps can be a practical and rewardingstrategy that adds much to onersquos enjoymentand success in doing creative work Basedon my own experience it is a strategy thatI can highly recommend

the subjects of the research Coping withthose relationships and responsibilities andmaintaining a parallel commitment to ex-cellent teaching within the constraints ofmodest resources is a substantial manage-ment job The CSUF Foundation the Uni-versity Advancement (UA) Foundationand many parts of the university are nec-essarily involved

Setting PrioritiesAs research groups and projects havegrown in size their effects and their needsbecome significant at a level that requirescampus-wide attention It is now commonfor research projects to include many fac-ulty members over many years and manyorganized institutes and centers have beenestablished in the past several years as aresult of research activities The Minority

Managing for Research



Scientist Development Program the Cen-ter for Demographic Research the KeckCenter for Molecular Structure the Cen-ter for Children who Stutter the Gerontol-ogy Institute the Institute for Economicand Environmental Studies the Center forInsurance Studies and the Social ScienceResearch Center are prominent examples

Unfortunately the establishment of formalresearch organizations is not always gov-erned by clear rationales or priorities a fewmeetings and UPS documents notwith-standing Centers and institutes appear tobe separated more by terminology than bysubstance Some of these groups succeedand some flounder most are understaffedand underfunded We need more clarityabout the rules for existence of these groupsndash what should be the thresholds for exist-

ence and the criteria for termination andwhat financial and management commit-ments the university is willing to make

It is necessary to be clear about the gen-eral directions of research that will receivepreference for support because the univer-sity cannot support all kinds of research inall fields Here are some of the questionsthat should be addressed

uArr When will we support high-cost spe-cialized facilities

uArr Should product testing be part of ourportfolio

uArr Should we favor research that affectsOrange County

uArr Should research relate to some appro-priate theme

8

through many rewrites It remains a workin progress ever changing and ever mys-terious particularly to the uninitiated

All kidding aside it is serious businessseemingly fraught with peril As thisyearrsquos chair of the Faculty PersonnelCommittee I have been asked to providea perspective on the role of scholarly andcreative activity in the faculty personnelprocess We all understand that there arethree legs in the stool of faculty perfor-mance ndash teaching scholarly andor cre-ative activity and service My focus willbe on the second of those three fully un-derstanding that all are vital and neces-sary components of a successful facultycareer

Because we are a collegial institutiongoverned for the most part by peers wemust first understand that campus expec-tations of faculty performance aregrounded primarily in our collective val-ues of what it means to be a professorClearly intellectual activity judged byonersquos peers is a very strong componentof those expectations And further as acollegial institution we have committedour expectations to a permanent recordin this case embodied in a UniversityPolicy Statement (UPS) which detailshow faculty will be evaluated for reten-tion tenure and promotion (RTP)

UPS 210000 Faculty Policy and Proce-dures a product of the Academic Senateand its committees and approved by thePresident of the University is the gov-erning document for all faculty person-nel decisions UPS 210000 (SectionIVC2) is clear in laying out campus ex-pectations for faculty ldquoEach faculty mem-ber shall establish a record of scholarlycre-ative endeavor that generates integratesandor disseminates knowledgerdquo And thatsection continues ldquoA successful facultymember has a well-defined and focusedscholarlycreative agenda is committed tocontinued growth and accomplishmentand has produced exhibitions perfor-mances peer-reviewed publications andor other high quality accomplishmentsrdquo

Therefore it is clear All faculty under-going personnel review shall demonstratethat they are able to produce intellectualproducts that make a contribution to theirdiscipline But note that not all disci-plines are the same Some performance-based perhaps would ask faculty to en-gage in creative activities that would leadto public exhibitions of their work per-haps to critical audiences Others how-ever might ask for work that remainsfully within the professional confines ofthe field intended solely for fellow aca-demics In some disciplines there is along tradition often reflected in depart-ment standards of the requirement toobtain grants in others such an outcomewould be all but impossible to achieveIt is this rich diversity of intellectual con-tributions to our world that should be val-ued by a university first and foremost

That being said however that is not anexcuse to do nothing Or even to do littleWe are a vibrant community of thinkersdoers creators reflectors and experi-menters We have an obligation to as-sure our students and our colleagues thatwe remain intellectually alive The onlyway we can do that is to subject our workto peer review of some sort And that isthe only honest and fair way the campuscommunity has of determining the valueof the scholarly andor creative activityAfter all most of us are employed on thiscampus for the very reason that we dohave a specialty that is unique to our-selves with respect to our colleaguesThose peers who pursue similar avenuesof research or creative activities on othercampuses or within kindred professionalcommunities best judge the value of ourintellectual efforts

So if you are a newer faculty memberwhat advice might an old geezer give youas you face what looks like a dauntingtask of producing a level of intellectualactivity sufficient for the next personnelhurdle

1 Set yourself an agenda with a timelineof what you want to accomplish This isbest laid out in the development plan eachnewer member of the faculty must nowcomplete Remember the purpose of the

development plan is to reduce ambiguityat the time of the most crucial personneldecisionsmdashtenure and promotion Aclear agenda and record of accomplish-ment of peer-reviewed activities is crucial

2 Make sure you have documented thenature of the forum in which the workappears Some questions that should beanswered are Was the work judgedblindly as is the case of most scholarlyjournals How was the work solicitedFor example in the case of an invitedpaper or article was there more of a re-view than an editorrsquos invitation Is theforum a regionally nationally or inter-nationally recognized venue A journalthat circulates primarily in Californiawould necessarily carry less weight thanone that is published by the most recog-nized organization in a discipline

3 Document your contribution to thepiece We have a bit of a dilemma oncampus in that we have espoused the goalof working collaboratively but at thesame time want to see the ability of a fac-ulty member to conduct independentscholarly andor creative activity Nev-ertheless it is crucial that you documentyour work This is best done by somecorrespondence from co-authors or othercollaborators In lieu of that there is aform available in Faculty Affairs andRecords that may be used

4 Consult your department standardsfor guidance as what level of performanceis appropriate for you

5 Please understand that the vast ma-jority of faculty members undergoingreview are successful And contrary topopular myth more of those who are notsuccessful perish not from failure to pub-lish but inadequacies in the classroomIn other words ldquoDonrsquot worry be happyrdquo

And finally always ask yourself ldquoWhatpitfalls lie out there that you might avoidrdquo



9

activities one of which is the support offaculty research and grant activity thatleads to the generation integration anddissemination of knowledge Another isto cultivate student and staff involvementin faculty scholarly and creative activitySeveral colleges across the campus es-pecially the College of Natural SciencesMathematics (CNSM) recognize thatoriginal research between faculty andtheir undergraduate students is a very ef-fective way to energize the undergradu-ate experience and collegial environmentWe in CNSM subscribe to the impor-tance of scholarship expressed by ErnestBoyer in his monograph College TheUndergraduate experience in Americathat ldquoScholarship is not an esoteric ap-pendage it is at the heart of what profes-sion is all about helliprdquo and ldquohellip to weakenfaculty commitment for scholarship is toundermine the undergraduate experienceregardless of the academic settingrdquo Inmany academic disciplines especially inthe Sciences and Mathematics researchproductivity is the measure of a scholar-ship

Often we are confronted with a fallacythat teaching and research are at oddswith each other Research is done at theexpense of teaching and vice versaMany often subscribe to the erroneousbelief that faculty who do research arepoor teachers or are not interested inteaching and those who are good teach-ers are poor researchers and are some-how inferior to those who do researchFaculty and administrators often tend toput teaching and research into separatecompartments and evaluate faculty ineach of these categories as if these twoare not intertwined Needless to say thatat comprehensive universities such asCSUF the primary activity of faculty isteaching This builds on the conceptstated by Donald Kennedy former presi-dent of Stanford that ldquoTeaching in all itsforms is the primary task of higher edu-cationrdquo Excellence of teaching is funda-mental to the expectation that when a stu-dent graduates with a baccalaureate de-

gree the student has understood the ba-sic concepts of the discipline and has cur-rency in hisher major

However it is also important that we ac-cept that scholarship is not merely a sec-ond cousin to teaching but rather an in-tegral part of it As teachers we expectour students to develop the techniquesskills and enthusiasm for acquiring andordering knowledge We expect our stu-dents to test hypotheses to raise ques-tions to seek out truth to separate factfrom opinion and correct falsehood Wewant our students to identify problemsdesign experiments and generate repro-ducible results These expectations arethe fundamentals of basic research andthe underpinnings of a true inquiringmind How can a faculty member demandinquiry from a student if heshe is not en-gaged in the same quest How can a fac-ulty member be a good teacher if hesheis not engaged in the advancement ofknowledge The artificial separation be-tween teaching and research should haveno place at a comprehensive university Isubmit that excellence in scholarshipshould be the foundation for excellencein teaching This is true in every disci-pline since knowledge grows more rap-idly than textbooks can be published

At the College of Natural Sciences andMathematics every department is firmlycommitted to the principle that goodteaching is based on good scholarshipFurthermore because research experi-ence for students is at the heart of its aca-demic programs all departments arecommitted to supporting active and pro-ductive research programs in which stu-dents are involved At CNSM we haveintegrated faculty research into the un-dergraduate curriculum and made re-search an essential part of the baccalau-reate experience of students The impor-tance of original research in the Reten-tion Tenure and Promotion (RTP) processof faculty is articulated in every Depart-mental Personnel Committee (DPC)document of the five departments atCNSM For example the Biology de-partment document speaks for the entireCollege when it says that ldquo No matterwhether the research is directed at devel-

oping fundamental understanding of bio-logical processes or at creating innova-tive ways to help students learn originalresearch is the basis for scholarship inthe disciplinerdquo Active involvement inoriginal research keeps faculty membersat the forefront of their discipline andthus qualifies them to be professors at auniversity

The faculty in College of Natural Sci-ences and Mathematics recognize thevery major role that research plays in theintellectual growth and development oftechnical skills of our students Two de-partments require research units forgraduation and the other three provideresearch courses as electives that counttoward the major degree This involve-ment of undergraduates in real publish-able research is funded through extra-mural research grants awarded to facultyand through various training grants fromFederal agencies such as the National Sci-ence Foundation and the National Insti-tutes of Health which in turn dependupon the research publication and grantactivities of our science and math faculty

To provide a specific example of just oneof our undergraduate research grant-funded programs the Minority StudentDevelopment (MSD) Program funded forthe past 10 years by the National Insti-tutes of Health currently supports aca-demic and summer research of 24 minor-ity students from the departments of Bi-ology and Chemistry BiochemistryMany of the students who participated inthis program have gone on to graduateor professional schools or industry andsome are now practicing professionalsMSD students appear as co-authors onscientific publications and make presen-tations at regional and national scientificmeetings This degree of productivity ofundergraduate students which reflectsthe quality of the research experienceprovided is possible only with facultywho are actively engaged in research andwho have well equipped and well-sup-plied laboratories supported by externaland internal funds




10

The true impact of undergraduate re-search goes well beyond producing pub-lishable scientific results Through ques-tionnaires interviews and other assess-ment instruments we have been able toestablish that the single-most importantfactor in a studentrsquos selection of a careerpath is that of the faculty research men-tor Further students involved in under-graduate research show greater interestand better academic performance in theirclass work By doing research studentsgain in their problem-solving organiza-tional critical thinking and analyticalskills We also find that students gain inconfidence about their abilities to under-stand and do science Because we requirefrequent written and oral presentationswe find that our studentsrsquo communica-tion skills improve measurably A num-ber of our students have won awards fortheir presentations at research competi-tions Finally involvement in researchhelps provide students at a commuter ur-ban comprehensive university with asense of community shared with theirmentor fellow laboratory mates and fel-low research participants The researchexperience provides an intensive co-op-erative learning environment as well asa true capstone experience All of thesebenefits are contingent upon the fact thatthe faculty are actively engaged infundable state-of-the-art research andthe university recognizes and supportstheir efforts

Let me conclude by briefly describing thedifferent kinds of scholarship and assess-ment of productivity of scholarship Ihave defined research as a subset of fac-ulty scholarship It was done purposelyto give scholarship a broader more ca-pacious meaning as suggested by late DrErnest Boyer former President of theCarnegie foundation In his book Schol-arship Reconsidered Dr Boyer definedfour separate yet overlapping functionsof the professorate as 1) scholarship ofdiscovery 2) scholarship of integration3) scholarship of applications and 4)

scholarship of teaching He argues thatresearch as we know it comes closest toscholarship of discovery But the otherthree should be acceptable forms ofscholarship and all reflect more realisti-cally the full range of academic and civicmandates The faculty reward systemshould incorporate and recognize the con-tributions faculty make in one or moreof this categories This book should be amust-read for all faculty and administra-tors involved the evaluation process offaculty rewards Boyer states that it ldquohellipbreaks out of the tired old teaching ver-sus research debate and defines in morecreative ways what it means to be ascholar It is time to recognize the fullrange of faculty talent and the great di-versity of functions higher educationmust performrdquo

Productivity in scholarship may it bepure research or any other form is mea-



sured simply by the degree of acceptanceof that scholarship by peers In scientificresearch the most accepted measure is thenumber of publication in refereed jour-nals An article accepted in a refereedjournal has undergone review by itswriterrsquos peers hence a publication isdeemed to have passed the test of accep-tance by its peers Publications are neededso that the scholarship can be widelycommunicated to the community so thatothers can build upon that scholarship toadvance the field Publication in accept-able and widely read media is then oneway to measure productivity in all typesof scholarship Presentations exhibits andperformances are other ways to measuresuccess All these have must have one com-mon thread that they all undergo a peerreview process and be accepted by onersquospeers as worthy of the academe

11

on my way from the airport to campusfeeling a bit nervous being driven to myinterview by a future colleague Alongthe way he informed me quite casuallythat ldquoThe position is probably yours ifyou want itrdquo but that ldquoYou wonrsquot like ithererdquo Huh He then went on to narratea discouraging tale of budding young re-search enthusiasm beaten down andblunted over the years by the combinedburden of a high teaching load and an ad-ministration that was whollyunsupportive of a scholarly researchagenda It was a story I would hear morethan once in later years Thus despite avery supportive department chair themessage I received from many of my newcolleagues was clear (and stated explic-itly) ndashwe are a teaching (ie learning)institution research should be seen as anavocational activity like jogging Notvery encouraging

Thirteen years later I report without res-ervation that this pessimistic view is amyth Research is alive and well at CSUFand so are opportunities for internationalwork True our teaching load is higherthan that of ldquoresearchrdquo institutions andintramural funding is less than that at UCschools And donrsquot we all feel at timesas if the best years of our lives are pass-ing before our eyes as we attend to anendless parade of committee meetingsBut is the situation really so different atresearch schools My sense is that theyhave their own set of handicaps For ex-ample advising a couple dozen PhD stu-dents can in short order dwarf the timeinvestment associated with a high teach-ing load Committee work Irsquom guess-ing is just as mind numbing at UCLA asit is here And the anxiety associated withcranking out three or more solid publi-cations per year puts the whole researchissue in a different and rather unpleas-ant light In short research prospectsexist at CSUF for those who choose topursue them

I was also told early on that grantingagencies were not inclined to favorablyview proposals coming from teaching in-

stitutions This argument may well havesome merit but it simply wasnrsquot my ex-perience Since arriving at CSUF withthe able assistance of the folks in Grantsand Contracts Irsquove been fortunate enoughto receive research grants from the Na-tional Science Foundation the NationalEndowment for the Humanities the Na-tional Geographic Society the FulbrightCommission and numerous othersThese have funded nearly two and a halfyears of fieldwork in Brazil and anotherthree-plus years of research in SoutheastAsia I make no bones about it I feel privi-leged to have been given these opportuni-ties and at no time have I felt held backby being at a ldquosecond tierrdquo university

The costs of international research canbe dear especially if you have a familyI have packed up my worldly possessionsand vacated California so frequently thatI feel sometimes like an immigrant I havebecome a compulsive box saver Morethan once the people in my departmentassumed that I was permanently goneSome with evident satisfaction seriouslyconsidered advertising my position Af-ter all these years the number of peopleon campus that Irsquove yet to meet is im-pressive I am still introducing myselfMy kids have spent half of their lives inSouth America or Asia At one point theyactually lost their ability to speak Englishmuch to the disapproval of their grand-mother And no matter how much moneyIrsquove received from a grant it never seemsto have been enough to cover the hiddenexpenses Last year for example whilein Brazil for a six-month stay I was therecipient of a US $400 ldquoresearcherrdquo taxConclusion ndash donrsquot get involved in inter-national research for financial gain

In spite of these hardships and they canbe significant the experiential benefitsof foreign area work are enormous Ithas been the high point of my academiccareer to date and I expect it to stay soin the future A purely anecdotal list ofsome of these benefits in no particularorder follows

International Research(Continued from page 3)




pursue both of these togetherboth agendas are stronger

When we pursue oneat the expense of the

other we do a disservice to ourselves aswell as to our students

Although my role as editor of the SenateForum is totally unrelated to my respon-sibilities in the Faculty DevelopmentCenter I am going to take advantage ofboth positions to pre-announce a majornew thrust that we are going to under-take in the FDC Over the last three yearsCSUF has made extraordinary progressin the use of the Internet to supplementour regular credit courses Three yearsago we had almost no activity going onin this respect with the exception of workbeing done by Mark Shapiro Jane Halland Anil Puri Today through the FDCrsquossite licensing and support programs forWebCT BlackBoard and FrontPage wecan boast that more than 700 instructorsuse the Web to one degree or another inover 1000 courses used by more than20000 of our students This is truly aremarkable accomplishment

However not to rest on our laurels theFDC will soon be undertaking a newWeb-based initiative Starting in theSpring the FDC will be acquiring newequipment to enable the capture of in-class instruction for subsequent deliveryvia streaming audio and video over theWeb The FDC will be developing pro-cedures training programs and grantopportunities for faculty wishing to workwith this technology The FDCrsquos goal inmoving in this direction will be to makeit very very easy for instructors to usethe Web for video-oriented instructionThis means that you wonrsquot have to be atechnical guru to become involved

12

dents When I introduce my own experi-ences in the field positive and otherwisestudents begin to see the ldquoouter worldrdquoas a bit less intimidating a bit less dan-gerous And when they see that their fac-ulty are engaged in the kind of work theyread about in their texts I think it enhancesthe stature of their university experienceStudents come to understand that their pro-fessors not only convey knowledge theyalso contribute to it Thatrsquos pretty excit-ing for many of our students

uArr Learning from local people ndash myunderstanding of nature-society relationsin the moist tropical realm once a prod-uct of scholarly articles is now drawnlargely from long-term contact with for-est people themselves They are a remark-able source of wisdom Irsquove had the op-portunity to live with the Penan hunter-gatherers people who still subsist largelyby blow-pipe hunting of bearded pigs andforest monkeys Irsquove danced (badly) withex-headhunters during their Gawai harvestfestival I was told that my frock of redhair would have been worth considerablein times past Irsquove prepared magical andspiritual concoctions with Afro-Brazilianhealers And Irsquove spent innumerable hoursin the fields and forests learning from ag-ing shamans about their local healing flora

uArr Personal enrichment ndash Finally Irsquovedragged my family to most of my re-search locations sometimes against theirwills In the end in spite of the hard-ships and separation from friends andfamily we all feel that our most memo-rable times together have been in thefield My youngest son remembers be-ing chased into a river in Borneo by aheadless chicken sacrificed momentsbefore in a pre-harvest ceremony Heclaims not to have suffered permanentemotional damage My oldest son stillrelates our elephant trek into the hills ofThailand to his friends and the time hecaught 15 piranhas in one afternoon Mywife recalls fondly the 4 inch cicada thatflew up her skirt and refused to leaveOne of my sharpest recollections comesfrom interior Borneo along the border

uArr Learning from foreign postings ndashmany of my research trips have includedposting and lecturing at universities inAsia and Brazil I have found these ex-periences to be illuminating in so manyways For example in BruneiDarussalam each department was re-quired to meet and discuss the contentsof course syllabi assigned readings andall of our final exam questions One byone we challenged each other to dem-onstrate the value and rigor of each ques-tion Time consuming but remarkablyuseful Grade inflation was rare as wewere required to invite a colleague fromanother university to review our finalexams and marks Faculty were requiredto submit a written apology if theyplanned to miss a faculty meeting Andfaculty members were thoroughly re-viewed every three years Failure to pub-lish to bring in grant money and to ex-cel at teaching translated in most in-stances to dismissal Tough love

In Brazil I was asked to serve on severalMasterrsquos thesis oral exams These con-sisted of an audience of perhaps 100 inter-ested viewers as well as three to five pan-elists (inquisitors really) After a 30-40minute review of his or her research thestudent was grilled for 15-30 minutes byeach panelist and in some instances toldthat their work did not meet university stan-dards of scholarship The university wasnot needless to say enrollment driven

uArr Research in the classroom ndash re-search and publication are obviously im-portant to the professional growth of uni-versity faculty I never cease to be amazedwhen I discover that some anonymous re-searcher out there has been following mywork But one of the most gratifyingbenefits for me has come from introduc-ing students to my own international re-search experiences and publicationsRealistically outside of our immigrantand foreign student population most ofour students are not well traveled Forwhatever reasons the possibility of in-ternational travel especially to the devel-oping world seems beyond the mentaland emotional ken of most of our stu-


team We all try to respect and supporteach otherrsquos strengths Most facultywithin KHP participate in research andscholarly endeavors and several receiveassign time to conduct research in ourlabs Under Dr Riklirsquos leadership re-search and scholarly activities are ex-pected but not at the sacrifice of being anexcellent teacher and contributing to pro-fessional campus and community service

In addition to support from my College andDivision there are a number of university-wide initiatives that have resulted in thedevelopment of a positive and supportiveenvironment for faculty who are interestedin research Several of the initiatives are

uArr Appointment of a research coordinatorwithin the Faculty Development Center hasdemonstrated a commitment to helpingfaculty develop their research agendas

uArr Provision of a one-course reduction persemester for the first year by the univer-sity for all newly hired tenure-track fac-ulty allows the time needed to make asuccessful transition into the academicarena at CSUF I understand that somechairs and deans across campus providean addition year of assign time for newfaculty to develop their research agenda

uArr Provision of resources and workshopsprovided by the Faculty DevelopmentCenter tohelp prepare excellent teachers has al-lowed faculty to more quickly balancetheir attention to the other two areas ofimportance research and service

uArr Provision of state-of-the-art computertechnology and online supports havehelped faculty conduct research more ef-fectively

uArr Development of the recent services onthe Pollak Libraryrsquos website has madeconducting literature reviews for researchand journal writing easier Especiallyuseful is the ability to access abstracts andconduct full-text research sources

Advice for New-Comers



13



uArr Provision of Intramural Grants throughthe Chancellorrsquos Office and the Founda-tion support new faculty to help estab-lish their research agendas With the highteaching loads within most departmentsthe funding of ldquoassign timerdquo is most val-ued by faculty to provide the time neces-sary to conduct quality research

uArr The useful resources from the UAF andthe Foundationrsquos Grants and ContractsOffice support funding of faculty re-search The UAF works with colleges anddepartments to seek private funds giftsand endowments The CSUF Foundationworks with faculty to identify grant re-sources and to provide fiscal adminis-tration and support services for bothgrants and contracts The Foundation alsoassists faculty by processing the grantproposals through the system and by pro-viding website services and resources Ihave especially appreciated theFoundationrsquos website manual for writingsuccessful proposals

uArr Institution of the merit system that re-wards faculty who are not only outstand-ing in the area of teaching but also in theareas of service and research provides anadditional incentive to conduct qualityresearch and scholarly activities I musthowever acknowledge that the proce-dures for determining the merit awardsare quite controversial and there appearsto be some inequity regarding facultysalaries that has lowered faculty moraleregarding the merit system

uArr The requirement of DevelopmentalPlans and mentors for newly hired fac-ulty that provides aldquogame planrdquo and ldquocoachrdquo to help facultybe successful at teaching research andscholarly activities and service Unfor-tunately finding effective ldquocoachesrdquo isdifficult as more senior faculty retire

I will now address to what I feel can bedone to improve the research environ-ment and support at CSUF Although sev-

eral of my concerns have already beenaddressed by the recent initiatives de-scribed above the following will providea few suggestions

uArr Provision of supportive staff and addi-tional funds will be needed for Dr AndyGill our new research coordinator in or-der to provide the necessary services tofacilitate faculty research and publicationsI think the highest need is in the area ofstatistical services including assistancewith statistical methods data analysis anddata interpretation Having a few researchassistants available for data entry and hav-ing an additional staff person to critiqueresearch manuscripts would also be helpful

uArr Decrease the workload for faculty toallow more time for research and schol-arly activities The University PlanningCommittee needs to make addressing thisproblem a priority in order to improvethe research environment and support forfaculty

uArr Development and implementation of aUniversity-wide mechanism to facilitatethe opportunity for greater interactionsamong faculty with similar research in-terests Such efforts may produce inter-disciplinary research projects that have abetter chance for funding by foundationand governmental agencies

uArr Provisions need to be made to recruitand retain quality staff for the CSUFFoundationand the University Advancement Foun-dation to improve direct services for fac-ulty needing research funds especiallyfor the less assertive ones Provisions alsoneed to be made to help faculty under-stand the distinct roles between the twofoundations

In summary I feel that although CSUFhas recently initiated several strategies tohelp improve the research and scholarlyactivity environment and support atCSUF there are still many internal andexternal ldquochallengesrdquo to overcome Ibelieve that the perception and attitudeof each faculty member about the area of

research and scholarly activities ultimatelydecide whether heshe is successful

I would like to share eight lessons Irsquovelearned that have made it easier for me to be asuccessful researcher and faculty member

1Research that addresses a need withinthe community is more likely to be funded

2Earning tenure and promotions iseasier if you also tie research to commu-nity partnerships student learning andprofessional service

3Sensibly paced continuous efforts gen-erally result in greater productivity thenldquooff-again on-againrdquo strategies

4Teaming up with someone who comple-ments your research skills can be very sup-portive in finishing research projects

5Complete all the steps necessary to getto the writing stage of a manuscript be-fore a semester break so you have timein which to write

6Focus your research and scholarly ac-tivities on what you ldquoloverdquo to do As JohnRuskin stated so eloquently ldquoWhen loveand skill work together expect a masterpiecerdquo

7Maintaining personal and professionalintegrity through the tenure and promotionprocess can be challenging at times Integ-rity involves among other things beingmorally and ethically strong carrying one-self with pride and respect doing thingsfor the ldquorightrdquo reasons following throughwith commitments preserving the dignityof others and helping to develop andorkeep a friendly work environment (avoid-ing gossip defusing bigotry de-escalatingconflict minimizing complaints)

8Finally I would be remiss if I did notaddmdashsuccess as a faculty member ismore easily facilitated if you balance yourresearch and scholarly activities with alittle physical activity

Is there a ldquoSenate perspectiverdquoThe Academic Senate Executive Commit-tee talked about a ldquoSenate perspectiverdquo onresearch when I asked for help with thisessay What do we as a Senate think therole of research on campus may be TheExecutive Committee came to a consen-sus fairly quickly (though I canrsquot guaran-tee that we represent the full Senate I sus-pect on this issue we do) In an ideal worldthe Executive Committee agreed that ourresearch should stress these elementsuArr Scholarly activities that allow studentsand faculty to work togetheruArr Research that examines issues of con-cern to community needsuArr Research that adds to the scholarship oflearning

Several members of the Executive feltstrongly that classroom-based researchshould not be ldquopenalizedrdquo in the evalua-tion process All agreed that the pres-sure to produce publishable researchstems from the faculty not ldquothe adminis-trationrdquo In short we sympathize andsupport our junior faculty who feel enor-mous pressure to publish but in fact weare the ones who are making junior fac-ulty live up to a standard that some of usdid not or could not meet

We also agreed that the research ldquoculturerdquodiffers across the campus depending inlarge part on the history of individual col-leges Some of the culture emphasizesfaculty-student collaboration This is par-ticularly obvious in those places wherefaculty have obtained external grants thatprovide support for student research as-sistants and that culture is as dependenton the availability of funding as much asit is on individual faculty initiative TheCSU on the whole does not have thesupport advantage found in first-tier re-search institutions when it comes to com-petitive grants Nevertheless it is truethat funding resources are richer in thesciences than in the humanities and thatis also reflected in the support availablefor faculty-student collaborative effortsAnd once established that culture canthrive Check the funding given to stu-

dent research by the Departmental Asso-ciations Council the vast majority of ap-plicationsmdashand ensuing supportmdashare inthe College of Natural Sciences andMathematics

The classroom-student-collaboration linkIs this faculty-student research collabo-ration a norm on our campus In otherwords are my Senate colleagues correctin thinking that we fulfill our mission bestwhen we engage in research with stu-dents research that supports classroomlearning Is this what we value Cer-tainly the Senatersquos published statementssupport that approach UPS 210 (in con-formity with the collective bargainingagreement) does not say that research isthe most important of the three retentiontenure and promotion criteria in fact ifanything UPS 210 can be interpreted toread that the criterion of teaching is themost important part of the RTP processWhat UPS 210 does do is leave the imple-mentation of the research criterion to in-dividual departments acknowledging thedifferent cultures that characterize ourcampus

On the whole faculty fear that we willbe seen as embracing mediocrity if wedo not value published research (or juriedperformances) more highly than our com-petitors Which of the following out-comes is going to be more highly prizedon our campus

Scenario one Junior Faculty Member(JFM) contacts a former mentor whohappens to have an NSF grant The re-search isnrsquot directly related to our JFMrsquoscurrent scholarly interests or teaching as-signments but it is productive researchand all research contributes either directlyor indirectly to teaching effectivenessmdashisnrsquot that what we claim JFM gets acouple of peer-reviewed articles pub-lished in decent journals in the field

Scenario two JFM-2 reads an article inthe Orange County Register about a wor-thy community project that is closing be-cause of lack of resources JFM-2 con-

structs a research project and a classroomof students descends on the communityinterviews dozens of former clients whobenefited from the project collects dataabout community needs that are met bythe project and produces a position pa-per that is delivered to a local govern-ment authority Maybe the authority re-considers its decision to shut down theproject maybe it doesnrsquot Since this isfiction anyway letrsquos say the authoritydecides to continue the project based onthe analysis that JFM-2 and CSUF stu-dents have compiled JFM-2 writes awitty essay about the experience and it ispublished in The New Yorker where it isread by a whole lot of people

Using the usual standards of most depart-ment personnel guidelines our first JFMhas produced research that ldquocountsrdquowhile JFM-2 probably has not There isthe ldquoposition paperrdquo which JFM-2 maypresent successfully as research But ithasnrsquot been peer-reviewed The NewYorker article arguably a more difficultpublishing venue isnrsquot a scholarly jour-nal Most personnel documents will countJFM-2rsquos activities as an important teach-ing contribution and valuable communityservice but still require the traditional re-search outputs before granting tenure

Do we need new modelsOne undisputed conclusion we can drawabout the role of research is that senior fac-ulty the ones who make the decisions aboutwhich junior colleagues have a future onthis campus make the research rules Ifone of the goals of our campus is to getourselves on the annual rankings list pub-lished by US News and World Report oronto other ldquoThe Top 10 Best ofhelliprdquo listsour agenda is clear We have to get moreexternal funding that results in peer-re-viewed publications in preemi nent journalsso that those surveyed for thesereputational rankings acknowledge ourscholarly prowess That way the theorygoes we will be able to attract the best newfaculty and students (Donrsquot ask me whatrole salary plays here maybe the attrac-tiveness of Southern California is sufficientcompensation)

What Do We Want to Accomplish(Continued from page 2)

14(Continued on page 19

grew to monstrous proportions with col-lege presidents and alumni believing thatsuccessful football programs legitimizedtheir institutions as major ldquobig timerdquo uni-versities Coaches and administratorsstarted to feel the pressure of winning atall costs and began realizing that the secu-rity of their employment was directlylinked to their success on the field or courtBut while winning became the central fo-cus educators in the intercollegiate athleticprofession clung tenaciously to the beliefthat an athletic experience for the studentathlete in colleges and universities hadmore far reaching educational benefits

It was thought that the development ofqualities such as discipline perseverancecollaboration and sportsmanshipmdashinher-ent in the intercollegiate athletic experi-encemdashsupplemented and supported theUniversityrsquos mission The ldquoout of classrdquoexperiences valued in todayrsquos institutionsprovided the opportunity for athletics tofurther legitimize itself Unfortunatelymany athletic coaches and administratorstoday do not fully understand the impor-tance of the need to constantly justify theirplace in higher education They have be-come complacent in their roles and haveignored the warning signs along the wayAs a consequence abuses rules violationsNCAA sanctions and other kinds of noto-riety have become the rule rather than theexception

Into this milieu of controversy and con-fusion as to the legitimacy of athletics inhigher education enters the coach thepersonification of sport itself inacademia Where does this professionalbelong Can she or he really be consid-ered faculty members Further how cana university best embrace coaches as edu-cators while at the same attempting tograpple with the issue of whether or notathletics in fact belongs in the formaleducational system

Coaches are classified in many differentways in Americarsquos colleges and univer-sities Some are considered staff andgiven staff privileges while others are

classified as faculty and in fact are ex-pected to teach classes in the PhyscialEducation curriculum But in most in-stitutional environments especially inNCAA Division I institutions few aretenured or given tenure track assign-ments This is the case at Cal State Ful-lerton Even though coaches are in thefaculty bargaining unit (Unit 3) they areconsidered temporary employees do nothave tenure or tenure potential and forthe most part are given one-year con-tracts On our campus their contracts areanalogous to the lecturersrsquo as far as jobsecurity is concerned Yet the FacultyMerit Increase (FMI) process is notchanged or altered for coaches and theylike all faculty must show merit in re-search and scholarly activity teachingand community service

In order to find consistency in the meritincrease process for the coach it is nec-essary first of all to recognize and ac-cept the legitimacy of athletics in collegesand universities and secondly to adaptthe merit increase process to fit the de-mands placed on coaches Without thisacceptance the current system makeslittle sense for coaches But while theinconsistency of the system may prevailit is important to note that merit pay iswhat most coaches accept as the expectedway to receive salary increases Unlikemany faculty members tenured onesmostly coaches recognize and acknowl-edge that salary rewards should be theresult of obvious accomplishments andshould not be given to everyone Just asin sport itself everyone does not win orreceive recognitionmdashonly those who ex-cel beyond what is expected receive thehighest rewards

While faculty membersrsquo retention pro-motion and tenure (RTP) as well as theFMI process are based on accomplish-ments in 1) research and scholarly activ-ity 2) teaching and 3) community ser-vice the coachesrsquo evaluation is based onsuccess clearly evident in other catego-ries Yet merit pay for everyone in Unit3 on our campus is judged by merit dem-

onstrated in the three categories delin-eated above Outside of the FMI processall coaches in the Department of Inter-collegiate Athletics are evaluated annu-ally based on their teamsrsquo success dem-onstrated in the following categories 1)academics 2) wins 3) NCAA compli-ance 4) fund raising 5) administrativecompliance and 6) community outreach

The dilemma then becomes obvious howdo the coach and the FMI process findcompatibility Research and scholarlyactivity is not expected of coaches Yetcoaches are required to compete for thesame merit dollars as are those who dohave to fulfill this requirement While theprocess allows for merit in less than all three

FMI categories coaches like the lecturerson campus are at a disadvantage in thecompetition for this money Every activ-ity in which a coach engages profession-ally should lead to results that are clearlyvisible to anyone who cares to observeThese results include team success (wins)success in graduation rates and GPAs (howmany faculty members are required to havetheir studentsrsquo grades published and sub-mitted to the national government as re-quired by the EADA [Equity in AthleticsDisclosure Act]) success on the court andfield (indicating the coachrsquos ability to re-cruit and teach) success with NCAA rulesand regulations (visible via the media whennot compliant) success in fund raising (in-dicating the coachesrsquo ability to generate fi-nancial support for their own programs)and success in touching the communitywith the message of the place and the im-portance of athleticsrsquo role in earning thepublicrsquos trust

Yet given the differences in accountabil-ity coaches must find a way to integratewhat is required of them into the currentFMI process in order to compete for salaryincreases The issue is not and has notbeen merit pay itself since coaches areused to being rewarded based on theirmeasured accomplishments Rather theissue is how to adapt the process so that

Research Merit Pay and the Coach(Continued from page 3)

(Continued on page 16)15

16

coaches are placed on a level playing fieldwith all other faculty While the rewardsfor faculty include both merit salary in-creases and RTP the reward for the coach is amerit increase along with the commitment ofmerely one more year of employment

College and university athletics are cer-tainly the largest and clearest windowthrough which the public views any uni-versity Coaches are instrumental inopening that window and keeping it spotless

Coaches are the key to true athleticreform Their actions can greatlydamage the integrity and image ofan institution Their attitudesgreatly affect student-athlete wel-fare Their position as a highly vis-ible representative of the Universityprovides unique imaging opportu-nities for higher education as itstruggles to communicate its storymore effectively to the public

John R GradyThe Successful College Athletic Program1997 p 108

Titan Athletics is committed to the edu-cator-coach concept While the degreeof success on and off the field is not al-ways what fans and administrators hopefor the student athletes graduating fromCal State Fullerton are great ambassadorsfor this institution and for the learningthat takes place here The accountabilityfor the ongoing success and caliber of ourstudent athletes rests almost entirely withthe coach As with the faculty this re-sponsibility is great and the results arerewarding Recognition by the Univer-sity in the form of merit salary increasesthrough a fair and appropriate process isthe ultimate reward for the coach who hasshown outstanding merit Adapting ourcurrent FMI process to match the evalu-ative criteria set for coaches in their an-nual reviews would be one more way toshow acceptance for the role of athleticsin higher education


Research Merit Payand the Coach

memberrsquos research activity is the numberof journal papers published In many casesthere is only one criterion for an untenuredfaculty member to consider when choos-ing a project can it lead to journal publica-tion In this environment many importanttasks are ignored simply because they can-not lead to publication When joining CSUFin 1998 I planed to commit myself to cre-ate an Internet teaching lab This is a taskthat requires a lot of time and effort and itcould benefit our students greatly I believeit would make our department a leader inIT education among all Cal State campusesClearly this will not lead to any researchpapers anytime soon To meet the tenureand promotion requirements I have to de-vote more effort to research projects thatwill produce papers as a result the lab isstill not in place today

I strongly believe that changes can be madeto improve the research environment atCSUF for untenured faculty Here are a fewsuggestions

uArr Provide better support for new faculty intheir first year For example give themmore release time and create a summer sup-port program for untenured faculty

uArr Encourage faculty to attend research con-ferences to present their workuArr Improve the evaluation standard Apersonrsquos research should not be judged onlyby the number of journal papers otherscholarly activities should also be consid-ereduArr Encourage faculty to seek funding fromlocal industry This often leads to researchprojects that can attract more student par-ticipationuArr Allow faculty to give more input inchoosing books and journals for the uni-versity libraryuArr Improve the personnel review process sothat it is not just bean counting Effortsshould be made so that peers who are ex-perts in the field evaluate the quality of afaculty memberrsquos workuArr Encourage collaboration among facultyin the same department or different depart-ments by creating a funding program tosupport such efforts

It is for the good of our university to createan environment so that new faculty can besuccessful in their professional develop-ment It is an investment that will benefitour students and help to achieve the uni-versity mission

Needed A Better Research Environmentfor Untenured Faculty


17

in attendance were appalled by such aldquoshallowrdquo response They no doubt hadbeen under the impression that I wantedto save social security end poverty re-form the welfare system and end racialand gender inequities in the labor mar-ket I was a bit surprised too since Iknew that I had responded truthfully Wasthis the extent of my burning intellectualcuriosity Would this become part of myWPAF (Portfolio UPS 210000)

I would like to think that Irsquove maturedsince then and I suppose that I have Myresearch agenda has been very focusedand firmly grounded in important publicpolicy issues I have written about im-migration race and gender issues in thelabor market the impact of illicit druguse on labor market performance andmost recently the role of community col-leges in providing important job skillsand training But part of me still lovesresearch for all the wrong reasons I en-joy the work because I like to seek an-swers to questions any questions I en-joy discovering how scholars in otherdisciplines approach questions that are ofinterest to them I enjoy the process ofputting together a well-crafted researchproject In my discipline this commonlyinvolves a consideration of the researchstrategy the review of the literature thetheory the empirical model the appro-priate statistics and then combining it ina way that someone will find interestingand informative And yes I enjoy work-ing with the data any data

This somewhat omnivorous approach toresearch led me to the position of Fac-ulty Coordinator for Research and Cre-ative Activities Whatrsquos in it for me Iget to learn about the wide variety of re-search and creative activities happeningon campus and talk to faculty about howthey do research in their specific disci-plines I get to showcase that researchand better yet I may get to contribute insome way to the final product I get todiscuss research design modeling sta-

tistics and data with well-trained expertsin fields that are not my own and I learnabout creative activities that donrsquot nec-essarily lead to publication but are inte-gral to the professional growth of the fac-ulty who engage in them and to the mis-sion of the university It appears that thelegendary kid in the candy store has beenunleashed

I am pleased humbled and very enthu-siastic about taking on the position of Co-ordinator for Faculty Research and Cre-ative Activities My charge as articu-lated by Vice President Smith is to iden-tify develop and implement a campuswide comprehensive program for facultyto support scholarly and creative activi-ties My vision for accomplishing thistask is necessarily shaped by my ownexpertise and experience I realize thatone person a social scientist for examplecannot be everything to everybody oncampus I also believe however that thereare a number of interesting things one cando that transcend field of study and willassist faculty campus wide Quality re-search and creative activities are facilitatedby a stimulating environment availabletime to complete tasks and specializedskills Younger colleagues and recentgraduates may also benefit from the ad-vice provided by a mentor I believe I canprovide valuable advice on submitting andrevising manuscripts for publication timemanagement and establishing and main-taining a research agenda

I am delighted to report that a great dealof progress is already being made Basedon your responses to my Research andCreative Activities Survey a campus-wide poster session is being organized forlate February or early March I havestarted work on establishing a statisticaland software consulting center and a cen-ter to assist faculty with writing and ed-iting manuscripts Pilot programs in theseareas may be implemented as soon asnext semester I plan to seek additionalfunding to support these and other pro-grams in the form of Mission and GoalsInitiatives and grants I also plan to sup-port and extend existing programs al-ready in place at the Faculty Develop-


(Continued from page 1) ment Center These include the interdis-ciplinary faculty writingpublication sup-port groups the statistics and softwareworkshops the research design work-shops and the publication of existingbrown-bag seminars on research takingplace in each college Future plans in-clude a centralized working paper seriesto disseminate faculty research outsidethe university university seminars andpublic lectures and a database of soft-ware experts Helping younger research-ers establish research records so they arecompetitive for grants is an importantgoal as well as finding creative ways tofree up faculty time to write grant pro-posals As has already been the case yoursuggestions will help to shape the direc-tion of the coordinator position

My first task as coordinator was to so-licit contributions to this issue of the Sen-ate Forum Contributors were asked tospeak to the role of research and creativeactivities on campus to be candid abouttheir experiences here at CSUF and toprovide advice for junior faculty As youwill see we have very talented colleaguesthat are dedicated to their role as schol-ars I hope you enjoy hearing about thewide variety of research and creative ac-tivities taking place on campus as muchas I have enjoyed putting it all together

I have been very fortunate to have won-derful colleagues that have helped mewith my research activities over the past16 years I will continue to pursue an ac-tive research agenda but I also look for-ward to having the opportunity to assistothers in their research endeavors

18

and so on In addition time must be setaside for writing and thinking I almostalways spend one day a week at homeanalyzing and writing up research find-ings for publications writing grant ap-plications reviews etc

Campus support system for obtaininggrantsIn virtually all disciplines obtaininggrants in support of research and schol-arship is helpful In some like the physi-cal and biological sciences it is essen-tial as data collection is expensive andrequires materials instrumentation andthe support of individuals (in our caseprimarily for the professor and herhisstudents) to carry out the studies devisedand gather the research data Over theyears the university established an ex-cellent support program to help facultyobtain grants in support of their researchas well as teaching activities The officeof Grants and Contracts in McCarthy Hall112 is the central hub of this programUnder the direction of Dr Stuart Rossthe office and program is supported notonly by the university but by the Califor-nia State University Fullerton Founda-tion which was founded to deal with con-tracts and grants as well as with merchan-dizing and other commercial activities(bookstore food etc) on the campus Thesuccess of the program has fed (and con-tinues to feed) its own growth The moresuccessful faculty are at obtaining grantsand contracts the more support person-nel have become available to help fac-ulty prepare grant applications and ad-minister the incoming funds In the lastfive years alone funded grants and con-tracts obtained by faculty have risen toover $11 million per year

Since the time of President Cobb fundshave also been made increasingly avail-able each year by the university (in partfrom funds obtained by the Foundation)through its intramural grant program(Faculty Minigrants) This has been aparticularly important source of ldquoseedmoneyrdquo to begin new research projectsin that most granting agencies and review

committees look for preliminary evi-dence of feasibility and evidence of thecorrectness of a hypothesis being testedin evaluating a funding application [In-deed in the biomedical sciences one of-ten has the feeling that most of the workmust already have been completed beforefunding is likely to be provided] Addi-tional and highly welcome support forfaculty presentations at national and in-ternational research conferences has alsobeen made available (Travel SupportGrants) and for a long time there havebeen limited funds to help with the costsof publishing research articles ($250 perarticle for page charges $150 per articlefor reprints) (also available through theOffice of Grants and Contracts) Themore recent institutions of a campus Re-search Coordinator (Professor AndrewGill) and the Faculty Development Cen-ter (under Professor Ellen Junn) are hope-ful signs indicating that support for re-search by faculty continues and may begrowing

Appropriate boards and committees nec-essary for overseeing specialized aspectsof research such as that involving stud-ies with human subjects (the InstitutionalReview Board) hazardous materials orinstruments radioisotopes or animalshave been in place for most of the his-tory of the university and have kept pacewith regulatory requirements that haveincreased dramatically over the last twodecades Similarly appropriate and ex-cellent training and monitoring programsfor use of hazardous materials and instru-ments have been in place for a long timeagain keeping up with the changing regu-lations involved Perhaps surprisingly tosome the use of hazardous materials isnot confined to the ldquohard sciencesrdquo butcan also occur in connection with the arts

Involving students in researchThere is thus no reason for faculty not topursue research and scholarly activityand even apart from the requirement fortenure there is every reason why they

The Importance of Research and Grant Support(Continued from page 4)

first presidents of Cal State Fullerton(William Langsdorf and then DonShields) as well as other key figures likeMiles McCarthy and Andrew Montanawhich created this university ldquoculturerdquofrom the beginning and then maintainedit President Jewel Plummer Cobb andothers that followed gave further empha-sis on research and scholarship

Juggling research and teachingIt is not easy to juggle cutting edge re-searchscholarship with the demand forexcellent and extensive teaching requiredof our faculty (not to mention the manyother demands of committee work ad-vising and so on that are needed) Oneof the key factors for me has been to viewresearch not as something to be done ontop of teaching and other required activi-ties but to acknowledge assume insistand act upon its equal importance toteaching Both teaching and researchscholarly activity are potentially bottom-less time sinks [To a lesser extent this isalso true of committee work] Faced withthe fact that there is always more one cando in preparation for a given course orclass or in grant writing research andscholarship and yet there are only somany hours in a day and week and monthavailable for all one would like to do onemust decide just how much time one canand must devote to each of these activi-ties Obviously in a given week one mayhave to work harder on one than the otherBut in the end it must balance out other-wise it is my feeling that one will notsucceed in both teaching and scholarlycreative activities Personally I havefound that just as it is necessary eachweek to set aside time to prepare for andteach classes grade assignments etc itis necessary to set aside time for researchand scholarly activity Certain hours ev-ery week should be set aside for datagathering and analysis in whatever formthis occurs in onersquos discipline In my casethis means carrying out laboratory experi-ments with students and meeting withthem (or alone) to analyze the resultsreading the relevant literature (to com-pare those results with those of others)


19

should in order to be productive success-ful and satisfied academicians The uni-versity has by now established an excel-lent support system for initiating appli-cations for research (and teaching) grantsFor each discipline there are appropriatefederally funded and private grantingagencies to which one can apply and theOffice of Grants and Contracts can helpa faculty member identify the ones ofinterest Funds are available not onlyfor the faculty member alone to carry outthe work but to employ student assistantsin the process This is an invaluable ex-perience for our students ndash to involvethem in scholarship and research whileat the same time it provides the facultymember with a means to gather more datathan heshe could possibly gather aloneThe excitement value and career impor-tance of involving undergraduate andgraduate students in research has been aparticular focus of the College of Natu-ral Science and Mathematics My owndepartment (Chemistry and Biochemis-try) for example has for decades re-quired research experience for thebachelorrsquos degree and has been able tocompete with PhD granting universitiesfor National Science Foundation summerresearch funds in support of undergradu-ate students With Biological Science andsome other departments a substantial andelaborate support system for student re-search [including especiallyunderrepresented (minority) students] has



been established and funded by severaldifferent federal and private agenciesThese programs have given Cal StateFullerton major recognition as a modelof how to involve undergraduates in re-search I think it would be wonderful tosee this become a general theme at theuniversity involving all of its colleges(Indeed some of that is already in place)

In addition to involving students in re-search grants can be obtained to fund nonstudent personnel who may be critical inproviding some of the support needed bya faculty member to accomplish herhisresearch objectives In applying for fund-ing I think it is important that a facultymember be realistic about the personnelneeded to accomplish the goals de-scribed There may be the temptation toscrimp on asking for funds for extrapeople who would make a real differenceperhaps with the notion that asking forless will give you a better chance at fund-ing Although the latter is sometimestrue it mostly is not Either way it seemsmore important to make a true and real-istic assessment of what are the needs forpersonnel and their cost The panels thatreview for granting agencies (I have beenon many) do take this into considerationin terms of whether they believe some-thing is truly feasible Moreover if youcannot ldquodeliverrdquo what you promised thiswill be held against you the next time

EditorialProduction Team

Editor-in-ChiefSorel ReismanManagement ScienceInformation Systems

Special Issue EditorAndrew GillEconomics

Design and ProductionKelly DonovanFaculty Development Center

PhotographsMichael RileyDistance Education

Production DirectorErika BakkenAcademic Senate

Production AssistantMarilyn MillerAcademic Senate

Editor at LargeHarriet Brown

Editorial Board Members

Jane HallEditorial Confidante - Economics

Edgar TrotterEditor Without Concern - Communications

Vince BuckEditorial Critic - Political Science

Sandra SutphenShadow Secretary - Political Science

Curtis SwansonEditor of Propaganda -Foreign Languages

FORUMTHE SENATE

Or senior faculty can take our learningmission seriously and place greater valueon research and creative activity thatshares the generation of new knowledgewith our own students and perhaps findsalternative outlets from professional jour-nals Which do we value moreEsoterica that is read by hundreds writ-


What Do We Want to Accomplishten in a vocabulary that excludes all butour own peers Or classrooms that areenlivened by research collaboration thatmay or may not pass peer review mus-ter We will probably stick to the saferknown hurdles over which our junior col-leagues must jump But it might be sig-nificant if we consider a few alternatives

faculty across the disciplines Following the retrenchment ofthe early 1990rsquos libraries in the CSU System have recentlyexperienced improved levels of fiscal support thereby stem-ming the tide of declining purchasing power In addition wehave witnessed a marked advance in our ability to use technol-ogy to make information resources more accessible Recoup-ing past losses is a more difficultmdashif not impossiblemdashtaskprompting our library instead to focus upon creative and for-ward-looking approaches to meeting current and future infor-mation needs

Facilitated by the addition of a new building and upgraded tech-nological infrastructure in the late 1990rsquos the Pollak Libraryhas taken aggressive steps in embracing new information tech-nologies in the provision of its collections and services Thesenewer electronic approaches when combined with traditionalmeans have significantly strengthened our ability to supportscholarly and creative activities Below are outlined a numberof specific examples of what faculty can expect from our library

CSUFrsquos Collections and ServicesuArr Current collections of materials number nearly 3 millionitems including books journals electronic resources micro-forms government publications audiovisual materials andcomputer softwareuArr The comprehensive Pollak Library Home Page (ldquohttpwwwlibraryfullertonedurdquo httpwwwlibraryfullertonedu) serves as a launch point for access to virtually all Librarycollections and services and contains numerous direct links toother relevant pages or Internet sitesuArr A special ldquoLibrary Guide for Facultyrdquo page (httpwwwlibraryfullertonedufacultyguidehtm) pulls together el-ements of particular interest to faculty including online accessto information about document delivery copyright etcuArr Library faculty possess expertise in a wide range of subjectdisciplines This is essential in developing the Libraryrsquos col-

lections and in providing specialized assistance to faculty intheir scholarly and creative pursuits they develop subject-spe-cific Web pages which identify key library resources andInternet sites of value in conducting research and they seekout appropriate opportunities to collaborate with other disci-pline faculty in grant proposals and projects of mutual interestsuch as the promotion of information competenceuArr Approximately 100 electronic databases (citation andor full-text) in a broad range of subjects are available within the Li-brary as well as remotely from a faculty memberrsquos office class-room or home computeruArr Nearly 1000 full-text online journals are currently included in theLibraryrsquos collections and that number is expected to double withinthe coming yearuArr Books are circulated to faculty on semester-long loans with theoption of online renewal for subsequent semesters When neededprint issues of periodicals are circulated for 24 hours to facultyuArr Remote access to the Libraryrsquos online catalog and electronicresources can be gained through the Titan Internet Access ser-vice (provided without charge to CSUF faculty) Beginning inJanuary 2001 access via any other Internet provider can besupported by the Libraryrsquos proxy server this option may workespecially well for those with cable and DSL access andorthose who may be conducting research in locations outside theTitan Internet Access service area

Access to information resources beyond those available at CSUFuArr Reciprocal use agreements allow CSUF faculty to conductresearch in and borrow materials directly from all CSU Librar-ies as well as from other regional libraries such as UC IrvineUC Riverside UCLA and the Honnold Library of theClaremont CollegesuArr Through the LINK+ service books from many CSU Librar-ies and a number of private academic librariesmdashincludingHonnold and the University of Santa Claramdashmany be requestedelectronically through our catalog When you search for anitem in the catalog that is not in our collection you are giventhe online option to check for holdings in other LINK+ librar-ies and if available the item will be sent automatically to Ful-lerton for your useuArr Beginning in Fall 2001 the Pharos ldquogatewayrdquo online systemwill bring even greater opportunities for resource sharing amongCSU libraries initially by allowing direct user-initiated bor-rowing of books from all 23 campuses and eventually by of-fering similar service for articles together with potential forcampus customization of many additional featuresuArr The Library supports the CARL UnCover document deliv-ery service which allows faculty to have journal articles fromapproximately 18000 titles (not owned by CSUF) faxed di-rectly to them within an average of 24 hours This service hasrecently been extended to all graduate students and in Spring2001 we will experiment with UnCover for some undergradu-ates on a limited basis

The Role of the Library(Continued from page 1)


20

uArr Our Interlibrary Loan service will ob-tain books or articles not owned by CSUFfrom libraries across the nation and eveninternationally Requests can be submit-ted electronically using the LibraryrsquosWeb page Expedited service from allCSU Libraries and several University ofCalifornia libraries assures rapid turn-around on most requests which are de-livered to faculty offices daily upon re-ceipt In cases where journal articles aretransmitted electronically to us they willbe forwarded to faculty for retrieval fromtheir desktop computers

Issues and ChallengesWhile the Pollak Library is proud of itsrecord in supporting the Universityrsquos aca-demic programs we are constantly striv-ing to explore and adopt enhancementsto our current array of collections and ser-vices However the inexorable press ofenrollment growth in recent years chal-lenges our capacity to provide quality col-lections and services to a rapidly increas-ing community of users Likewise weare challenged by the demands of a mul-tifaceted curriculum and a highly moti-vated faculty In evaluating alternativesthe input of the Academic Senate LibraryCommittee and other individual facultyis vital as well as welcome

While the conversion to electronic me-dia for many information resources hasenhanced access the cost of online ma-terials is often higher than for comparableprint versions To maximize our fiscalresources we participate in a growingnumber of consortial purchases leverag-ing the collective purchasing power ofthe CSU by engaging in systemwide ac-quisition or licensing of materials Thisconsortial approach has proved highly ad-vantageous and has allowed us to stretchsignificantly the purchasing power of ourfinite budget In addition we have ben-efited from systemwide initiatives to re-store some of the estimated $121 mil-lion of purchasing power lost since 1990In 199899 $10 million in one-time fundswere allocated to CSU libraries for thispurpose with CSUFrsquos share of these


funds ($370500) we began to addressdeficiencies in our book collections andother materials with particular focus onsupport of areas where new faculty andcurriculum had been added in the last de-cade In 200001 $3 million in baselinemonies were provided systemwide tosupport electronic resources including anexciting new consortial program focus-ing on 1500 e-book titles that will be se-lected and shared systemwide

In recent years the campus has allocatedfunding to cover the average annual 10inflation rate in materials prices Withthe coming budget request cycle the Li-brary will be seeking means to addressnew or previously unmet needs eg in-formation resources to serve theUniversityrsquos increasing number of dis-tance education programs and the antici-pated State-supported summer-sessioncollections of materials to support strongscholarly and research interests of fac-ulty and new Library faculty and staffpositions to sustain the Pollak Libraryrsquosessential services including those whichfacilitate the instructional and researchneeds of faculty Without the infusion ofadditional funds we can only continueto make budget and operational decisionsbased on the most efficient use of exist-ing resources In terms of the collectionsthis involves careful examination of costsfor particular items from a variety of ven-dors as well as analysis of use patterns ofexisting materials to determine whetheronsite or document delivery provision ismost cost effective It might be well tonote that Fullertonrsquos record in providinginterlibrary loan and document deliveryservices is one of the strongest in the CSUSystem

In the past it has occasionally been sug-gested that the Library should share di-rectly in the overhead costs of grantsawarded to the university andor that in-dividual faculty members should writeinto grant proposals an appropriate ele-ment of Library support for the researcheffort being undertaken While suchfunds would naturally allow us to pro-

vide additional resources we are mind-ful in an environment of limited re-sources that there are many competingneeds If there are ways in which we cancollaborate with faculty in the process ofestimating the impact of research propos-als and grants on the Library we are ea-ger to participate in such efforts

An issue larger than Pollak Library oreven than libraries in general is the in-creasing cost and complexity of the schol-arly communication process This situa-tion has prompted several national andeven international efforts among aca-demic institutions to reclaim much of theresponsibility for publication activitiesmany of these relying heavily on new in-formation technologies An example ofsuch an effort is The Scholarly Publish-ing and Academic Resources Coalition(SPARC) which is a worldwide allianceof research institutions libraries and or-ganizations that encourages competitionin the scholarly communications marketUniversities as well as scholarly societ-ies have promoted a variety of new mod-els of electronic publication that reducecosts while preserving high qualitythrough the peer review process TheOpen Archives Initiative is another ex-ample of a program to facilitate efficientdissemination of content within the schol-arly community Faculty play an impor-tant part in the encouragement (and ulti-mate success or failure) of alternativesto the traditional journal model in thatthey serve on editorial boards and are theprimary contributors as well as consum-ers of this ldquoproductrdquo

In looking to the future the Pollak Li-brary faculty and staff are enthusiasticabout the prospect of continuing to workclosely with individual faculty andgroups to enhance CSUFrsquos already im-pressive array of scholarly and creativeactivities Integral to this process is col-laboration with all academic departmentsand programs the Academic Senate andits committees and the Faculty Devel-opment Center

21

22

As I can tell these questions have beenaddressed primarily by chairs and deanswho mostly try to fill gaps in their disci-plinary coverage while acknowledgingthe limits of resources and facilities withlittle support or guidance from the cam-pus The current system is laissez-faireand ad hoc convince any administratorand yoursquoll get partial funding get an out-side grant and the campus will let youstart donrsquot ask for too much and the cam-pus wonrsquot bother you This system doesassure that only persuasive workaholicswill survive and it does keep the cam-pus open to new opportunities but at ahigh cost in frustration confusion andinsufficiency

Setting campus priorities is fraught withdifficulties but so is failing to do so

Relating to SponsorsSupport for research comes in a dizzy-ing multitude of ways mdash as gifts grantsor contracts from Federal agencies indi-viduals industrial firms private founda-tions beginning entrepreneurs nationalnonprofit groups or local social serviceagencies Soliciting a gift for the artsfor example presents quite differentproblems of paperwork personalitiesand accounting than does negotiating acontract with an aerospace firm and pro-cessing a standard proposal to the Depart-ment of Education is different from both

The management problem the universityfaces is how to address that external va-riety mdash assisting faculty with the trans-actions maintaining responsiveness tothe sponsor and complying with appli-cable regulations For research as wellas other university activities proactivebrokering makes a difference but it takesconsiderable time and effort There area few basic distinctions to consider al-though each has variations and shadings

The distinction between public sourcesof funding and private sources is impor-tant because the two usually behave dif-ferently in supporting research Anotherimportant factor is what the sponsor


Managing for Researchwants in return ndash just a thank you noteand a news article or perhaps also a re-port a service a financial interest Anldquoexchange relationshiprdquo as auditors callit can occur with either private or publicsources It requires close managementto ensure that the university is meetingits obligations and receiving its due andto ensure that the exchange is recognizedas such Contracts the most explicit formof exchange relationships may derivefrom public or private sources and hencemay be set in a very structured or verypersonalized context CSUF has about50 contracts for faculty projects atpresent in 1989-90 it had only 25

CSUF and other CSU campuses stillgrowing in the world of grants and con-tracts and recently thrust into the worldof advancement have not settled on howto organize around these issues To fa-cilitate future progress they do need tobe resolved The more personalized na-ture of transactions with private fundingsources requires different skills than doesthe more structured nature of transactionswith public sponsors and so at most uni-versities the coincident distinctions ofskills and audience lead to the establish-ment of separate advancement offices andgrants offices At CSUF and elsewhereeach contributes in its way to the supportof research However both public andprivate sponsors can establish exchangerelationships of many kinds Either bothoffices must be equipped to shoulderthose responsibilities or one office musttake them on and someone must be au-thorized to route the workflow accord-ingly Often the grants office is betterequipped to handle those responsibilitiesbecause it is already engaged in the mul-tiple approval processes for public regu-lations and public accounts but advance-ment offices should be no stranger to le-gal agreements Larger universities of-ten also have a separate staff for contractspublic or private

Regulations and ResponsibilityThe Federal government professional as-sociations and the State governmenthave promulgated many regulations andguidelines that apply to funded researchand research in general In virtually ev-

ery case legal responsibility for enforce-ment is placed on the campus This factputs the campus into an enforcementmode with its researchers mdash preferablyaccompanied by an assistance mode Theregulations include conflict of interestlobbying research ethics mistreatmentof animals radiation safety mistreatmentof human subjects as well as those thatapply to research as well as to other cam-pus activities such as environmentalregulations safety regulations and laborstandards Many of the regulations onresearch apply whether the sponsor ispublic or private some apply specificallyto private sponsors

The resulting management job for a cam-pus is substantial For a university to doany research at all in a regulated categoryusually means engaging the entire re-quired apparatus of committees policiesand paperwork Clerical effort is neededfor the many forms and permits and da-tabases for tracking them are also re-quired faculty time and administrativetime are needed for devising suitable pro-cedures and reviewing protocols Pro-cedures and staff time are needed at aprior step as well monitoring the streamof research projects and proposals to besure the necessary reviews or renewalsare initiated Each transaction can take afew minutes or many hours Many ofthe regulations and standards give thecampus discretion in applying generalprinciples to specific instances withsome guidance from the interpretationsof agency officials The situation is dif-ficult for the regulatory committee andmay be maddening for the researcher butit cannot be avoided

The regulatory structure in place to sup-port research at CSUF resembles that ofmany other campuses although the par-ticulars of procedure and policy varyThere are separate committees to reviewproposals for the use of human subjectsand proposals for the use of animalsAnother committee reviews potentialconflicts of interest Each of the com-mittees requires staff support to managethe required paperwork and provide as-sistance to faculty The grants office re-


23


between Sarawak and Brunei in a pris-tine dipterocarp rainforest I had beenworking several hours with some localMalay university students mapping outpalms when a deluge of rainfall cut shortour day Irsquove never seen it rain so hardand long (later I discovered that eightinches had fallen) There was nowhereto seek refuge We just stood there Hugebranches came tumbling down from the200-foot canopy accompanied by light-ning and the unsettling clap of thunder


quires the principal investigator of everyproposal to sign a form acknowledgingother regulations on such topics as lob-bying drug use and research miscon-duct In the Administrative Affairs divi-sion the radiation safety officer and thechemical hygiene officer maintain theuniversityrsquos radiation license ensurecompliance with dozens of regulationsconcerning chemicals and biologicalmaterials and conduct training sessionsin those areas

The consequences of not complying withthe regulations range from troublesome

to severe special inspections fines sus-pension of particular research activitiesand loss of federal funding for researchmdash depending on the severity of the prob-lems and the universityrsquos attitude towardsfixing them Calibrating and holdingonersquos position on that slope is not easyand not productive itrsquos best to be con-servative

If the intent of compliance is merely toavoid horrendous incidents then we havebeen successful But triage is not reallyan option any more than some kind ofldquoRegulation Literdquo Those approachesleave us open to Federal penalties theyleave us open to the potential for realmisbehavior More importantly such

half-hearted approaches would create theimage and the reality of CSUF as a placewhere professionalism in research is nottaken seriously We should not be stimu-lating more research without also provid-ing concomitant support and coordinationto the required regulatory staff and pro-cesses Providing orientation and assis-tance not just enforcement is clearly animportant requirement

Yes the regulatory zeal sometimes getsexcessive in Washington and on univer-sity campuses and of course an initial re-sistance to regulation is understandableAfter all the regulations emerged onlybecause of a few bad incidents althoughmost research has been properly handledAs individual citizens we can argue aboutthe need for the regulations in the politi-cal arena and universities take part in thepolitical process too We can also arguehere on campus over interpretations anddegrees within the regulations But it isnot useful or legal to ignore the regula-tions once they are imposed it is inappro-priate to blame campus personnel for regu-lations they did not invent and it is naiumlveto pretend that research is inherently pureor that bad research wonrsquot happen here

Some observers think it obvious that ifthe campus had less management andregulatory machinery then the universitycould charge less for research and do itfaster thereby getting more businessAfter all this line of thinking goes set-ting priorities relating to sponsors andcomplying with regulations are not reallypart of the research By this logic carcompanies should skip adding safety fea-tures or radios and football players woulddo better without coaches referees orannouncers The implications for successare fairly clear in either case At Ameri-can universities the level of research isroughly correlated with the level of regu-latory apparatus and management in-volvement research and managementhave to grow together Within that rangethe university should of course avoidunnecessary costs and eliminate waste-ful processes But neglecting manage-ment issues will ensure mediocrity



all adding to our increasing anxiety Butjust as suddenly as it began the thunder-storm passed the downpour stoppedbeams of sunlight radiated down from thecanopy and the forest went quiet Thenabout 30 feet in front of us from up abig-buttressed dipterocarp a crested fly-ing dragon (a gliding lizard) leaped awayfrom the trunk and winged its way si-lently towards a nearby tree piercing abeam of sunlight as it navigated thesteamy tropical air

The CSU Institute for Teaching and Learning(ITL) invites submissions to Exchanges TheOn-line Journal of Teaching and Learning inthe CSU The electronic journal provides amedium for CSU faculty to engage in an ex-change of their scholarly and creative work re-lated to teaching and learning in CSU coursesand programs The journal has recently under-gone an online conversion from its original printformat appointed a new editorial board andinstituted a peer-review process

Early last year ITL Director Carol Holder fac-ing restrictions imposed by the print mediumdecided to move the ITL newsletter Exchanges online to reach more readers and present moretimely information In the printed newsletterITL could not publish long articles or includemany photographs or illustrations ldquoI consid-ered the limitations that the cost put on whatwe could publishrdquo Holder explains ldquoand I sawthe online format as a searchable more cost-effective more interactive medium that wouldallow us to reach a broader readership Alsowith the rapidly expanding interest nationallyin the scholarship of teaching I wanted to pro-vide a better forum to promote and dissemi-nate such work by my CSU colleaguesrdquo

Expanding the CSU effort to promote excel-lence in teaching is at the heart of the ITL mis-sion and Exchanges is but one ITL strategyfor encouraging faculty involvement in improv-ing teaching and learning ITL also sponsorssymposia conferences and the annual Teacher-Scholar Summer Institute a program offeringa series of faculty workshops The new onlineExchanges allows ITL to announce these andother events that are important to CSU facultyIn the Calendar of Events and Opportunitiesfor example ITL broadcasts timely (and fre-quently updated) Calls for Papers Requests ForProposals conference and workshop noticessystemwide announcements and ITL-spon-sored events Unlike the print version Ex-changes online will be able to post last-minutechanges to previously announced deadlines andevent schedules thereby providing a more use-ful reliable service to faculty CSU Faculty

Dr Christine Mallon Managing Editor of the CSU publication Exchanges

Peer Reviewed Research Publication Opportunity

and staff are encouraged to submit their upcom-ing events to the Exchanges calendar by con-tacting the journal at exchangescalstateedu

Exchanges supports an ongoing conversationabout teaching and learning two foundationalvalues of the CSU system ldquoWith Exchangesrdquoexplains David S Spence CSU Executive ViceChancellor and Co-Chair of the ITL AdvisoryBoard ldquoWe are seeking to foster informed re-flection on teaching and learning in the CSUand to encourage faculty to present their dis-coveries to their colleagues in order to furtherthis developing field of knowledgerdquo

So as to include as many faculty as possible inthis dialogue Exchanges articles have a broadappeal to faculty across the range of disciplinesand address both the more common and someemerging teaching and learning concerns in theCalifornia State University system

Exchanges research articles (up to 3500 words)are subjected to anonymous peer review byCSU faculty selected for their familiarity withthe discipline or issue While peer-reviewedarticles anchor the journal Exchanges also fea-tures shorter works (up to 1500 words) in re-ports from the classroom position papers me-dia reviews and creative productionsmdashallpenned by CSU faculty and juried by mem-bers of the nine-member Exchanges EditorialBoard composed of CSU faculty and ITL staffThis yearrsquos board members are Mary Allen(CSU Bakersfield) Nancy Page Fernandez (CalPoly Pomona) David Frank (CSU Fresno)Patrick Kenealy (CSU Long Beach) ThomasNolan (Sonoma State) Sorel Reisman (CSU Ful-lerton) and Alayne Sullivan (CSU San Bernar-dino) Carol Holder (ITL) and Chris Mallon (ITL)

Together the two review processes strengthenthe precision and ensure the quality of CSU-generated scholarship Faculty will appreciateExchangesrsquo short editorial review cycle (six toeight weeks in most cases) which is conductedentirely online In fact all journal correspon-dence takes place onlinemdashfrom collectingmanuscripts to calling for reviewers receiving

reviews and communicating editorial decisionsto the authors

ITL invites CSU faculty to submit their teach-ing- and learning-related articles and creativeworks at any time to Exchanges which addsnew articles to the Website on an ongoing ba-sis ldquoFor the research articles departmentrdquoexplained ITL Director Holder ldquowe are par-ticularly interested in reports of classroom re-search (quantitative or qualitative) investiga-tive or experimental work library research andother kinds of scholarship on teaching andlearning in the CSUrdquo

In the inaugural edition authors share innova-tive teaching strategies such as CSU HaywardProfessor Tom Benskyrsquos on-line in-class quizsystem which he uses to assess student learn-ing in a Physics course CSU Bakersfield Pro-fessor Jeffrey Mason explains his quarter-longrole-playing game through which studentslearn the real-world concerns of a theater pro-duction company A Gallery essay by San Fran-cisco State University Professor Arthur AsaBerger reminds faculty to be sensitive to thelearnerrsquos needs and to use patience precisionand creativity in teaching In the Viewpointsdepartment San Francisco State UniversityProfessor Jonathan Middlebrook critiques theassessment movement in a sonnet and CSUAssistant Vice Chancellor of Academic AffairsLorie Rothrsquos analysis of selected academic nov-els reveals that teaching is understood to be aprivate activity She suggests that we can im-prove teaching by making it the topic of schol-arly discussion Readers can respond to thearticles in an on-line threaded discussion thatprovides the valuable feedback element of thescholarship process

For a brochure explaining the departments sub-mission process and technical requirements or ifyou are interested in serving as a reviewer pleasecontact Exchanges Managing Editor ChristineMallon at exchangescalstateedu or (562) 951-4752 or visit the Exchanges Website at httpwwwcalstateedutier3itlexchanges

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A publication of the Academic Senate California State University FullertonVolume XVI Number 1 Winter 2001

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2

From the Editor


Sorel Reisman

Sandra Sutphen

What Do We Want to Accomplish

Sandra Sutphenis the Chair ofthe AcademicSenate and Chairof the Depart-ment of Politi-cal Science andCriminology

Those of us whohave been privi-leged to serve on

committees that assess professionalrecordsmdashthe erstwhile ldquopissiesrdquo depart-ment personnel and FMI committees forinstancemdashleave these experiences with aunanimous opinion our colleagues are in-credibly productive They care about stu-dent learning and they engage in lots ofresearch

CSUF Faculty are productive researchersThere is actually ldquohardrdquo evidence thatsupport these opinions When the WASCTask Force compared the data gatheredfrom CSUF faculty with that compiledin a nationwide survey conducted byUCLArsquos Higher Education Research In-stitute our faculty published more andspent more time with students than thenational average According to the HERIsurvey 426 of the national sample hadpublished ldquobooks monographs or manu-alsrdquo in the past two years nearly 62 ofCSUF faculty had done so Generallyour faculty published more articles andprofessional papers than the nationalnorm and spent more hours per week onscholarly and research writing And whilemany faculty receive minimal if any sup-

port for research as a group we believethat research is highly valued by our col-leagues Interestingly this is more truefor men than women To see the fullanalysis visit the WASC Website TheHERI survey may be found at httpwwwfullertoneduwascphase_iiappen-dixHERI_Faculty_Surveypdf

These data confirm what we think weknow about the research culture here oncampus All of our official documentsmdashour mission statement our personnelpolicies particularly UPS 210 ourcollegersquos goals and objectivesmdashstress ourmission of learning But our real valueslie in our research agenda Ask any jun-ior faculty member


A few months ago Andy Gill called toask me what I thought about the FDCrsquosnew Research Coordinator position thatwas being advertised by Academic Af-fairs I told him that I thought it was ahopeless task that no mortal could everdo well and anyone taking the positionwas doomed to fail This term ldquoresearchrdquomeans so many different things on ourcampus and is treated so differently inthe RTP process from College to Collegethat I couldnrsquot imagine how one personcould satisfy the needs of such a broadspectrum of definitions

Sure enough like most people Andy ig-nored my advice applied and was se-lected for the position In the few shortmonths that I have been working withAndy in the Faculty Development Cen-ter it is obvious to me that I was wrongPerhaps the job is a difficult one but

Andyrsquos enthusiasm for assisting facultyin their pursuits of scholarly and creativeactivities seems limitless The programshe is defining and moving forward arecertain to be helpful to new faculty aswell as to old timers who want to try tostay young through creative academicpursuits To this end I invited Andy tohelp me to put together this special issueof the Senate Forum that you are nowreading

I have mentally categorized the articlesin this issue into three groups The firstof these have been written by colleaguesactively and directly involved in the pur-suit of scholarly and creative activitiesWe are fortunate to have scholars andcontributors such as these on our cam-pus and even more extraordinarily for-tunate that they were willing and evenenthusiastic about sharing their experi-

ence and suggestions with us As I re-viewed their papers I was quite surprisedto learn of their broad range of experi-ence ndash from the playing fields of Fuller-ton to the rain forests of South America

The second group of papers too is by fac-ulty but their contributions to this issueof the Senate Forum are revealing in adifferent way These colleagues are kindenough to share their thoughts with usregarding the Academic Senatersquos pro-cesses and procedures that reward ourscholarly and creative activities Finallythe third group of articles describes someof the resources at CSUF available to usto help carry out our professorial respon-sibilities There can be little doubt thatall the Senate-passed resolutions in theworld would be ldquoacademicrdquo withoutstrong university administrative supportto help us

One of the themes that struck me as I readthrough the articles is the strong relation-ship that exists between our missions ofteachinglearning and scholarly and cre-ative activities It is clear that when we


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Dr Kolf Jayaweera










Dr Robert Voeks











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Dr Maria C Linder



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the senate forum · 2016. 1. 5. · robert voeks is professor of ge-ography and coordinator of the...

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