the roman republic 509 bc-27 bc. section 1 assignments 7.1 worksheet textbook page 154, questions...
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THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
509 BC-27 BC
Section 1 Assignments
7.1 worksheet Textbook page 154, questions 1-4 Rome’s Perfect Location Reading 1-3
Due Tuesday
Founding of the Roman Republic: Fall of Greece and Rise of Rome
With the death of Alexander the Great, the Rome began to rise as the dominant power of the Mediterranean world
The Land: Its Geography and Importance(page 150)
Advantages Good location to
control the region(seas/center)
Apennine mountain and various seas allow for trade and travel
Disadvantages Alps allow for
invaders from the north
Large coastline allows for invaders
Background-Rome
Founded by brothers Romulus and Remus.
Romulus kills Remus, hence the name Rome (753 BC)
Built on 7 Hills on the Tiber River Good farming In the middle of trade
routes Located 15 miles inland
from the coast Settled by Greeks(culture),
and Latin's After a harsh king, vowed
no more kings-Replace with a Republic
Early Roman Republic
Republic: Citizens vote on leaders to run the Government (only adult males could vote and be a leader)
Use a system of checks and balances to keep the balance of power
Three important groups of citizens who help govern the Republic: Senate Magistrates Assemblies
Early Roman Republic Government
Government Group Role/Function
Senate Most powerful, controlled money and army, could name dictator or act as a court
Magistrates Consuls: 2 elected, one year terms Run government and army Veto power
Praetors: Aids to the consuls Could run army, often acted as the courts
Censors: Organize citizens based on wealth Oversee public behavior
Assemblies Vote on laws and elected officialsVeto power if not in the ‘public interest’
Senate
Most Powerful- controlled public funds and decide foreign policy
Acted as a court Could propose that a citizen be named
Dictator or absolute ruler(6 months) Dictator had total control over the army
and courts
Magistrates
Elected officials Included the
Consuls, Praetors, and Censor
Consuls
2 elected Chief Executives-1 year terms Ran Government, Commanded the Army
and could appoint dictators(6 month rule)
Could veto-refuse to approve the acts of other consuls
Praetors
Help Consuls Commanded the army in times of war Oversaw the legal system in times of
peace
Censors
Registered citizens according to wealth Appointed candidates to the senate Oversaw moral conduct of all citizens
Assemblies
Made up of citizens Vetoed/approved laws
and elected officials(consuls)
Elected 10 officials called tribunes-power over actions by the Senate and other public officials-made sure rulings were fair and in interest of people
The Conflict of Order(367-287)
Powerful landowners
Controlled the Government
Nobles-Inherited power
Majority of the population
Farmers and workers
Few rights Could not hold a
public office
Patricians Plebeians
Over time the Plebeians achieve politically equality, not economic equality Also got the laws of Rome written down- Twelve Tables
The Role of the Army
Every adult male who owned land had to serve in the army
Disciplined, well trained, and moral was high among troops
4,500 to 6,000 troops per legionnaire
Auxilia-national guard
The role of the wise policies
Allowed conquered Italian people to be citizens of the Roman Republic
Granted partial citizenship to people of more-distant cities, including Greek city-states Own property, could marry, but they could
not vote Conquered people had to provide land for
the Roman Farmers (Spreads Roman influence)
Assignment
Read Section 2, Chapter 7 pages 155-157 and answer questions 1-4
Due Wednesday 8th hour, Thursday 1st hour
ROME EXPANDS ITS BOARDERS
Punic Wars
The Punic Wars 265B.C.-146 B.C. Background information Rome came in conflict with Carthage (a
powerful city on the N. coast of Africa) Carthage soon expanded into the
western Mediterranean, including Spain and Sicily
Carthage feared that the Roman’s would try to control Sicily
Roman’s feared that Carthage’s navy would control the Mediterranean and prevent overseas trade.
1st Punic War 4:33
23 years of fighting
Naval War Carthage asked
for peace Romans forced
Carthage to: 1. Pay money for
damages 2. Give up Sicily,
Sardinia
Video Questions1. What practice of the
Carthaginians disturbs even the Romans?
2. Why does the 1st Punic War seem one
sided at the start?3. How do the Romans build a navy?4. How big is Hannibal invasion force?5. What was the deciding factors in the 2nd Punic War6. What happens at the Battle of Cannae?7. Why is Scipio able to defeat Hannibal?8. What happens to Hannibal?
2nd Punic War
Started in Spain, 15 years Hannibal- Greatest general of all
time created a large army Marched across the Alps in N. Italy
(1/3 die) Waged war throughout Italy Major victory at the Battle of Cannae Fails to take the city of Rome Roman’s appoint General Scipio Rome invaded Africa Hannibal went back to Africa Scipio defeats Hannibal at the Battle
of Zama Carthage was forced to:
1. Pay money 2. Give up navy and colonies in Spain
3rd Punic War
Roman’s still did not trust Carthage
Roman wanted to crush Carthage
They burn it to the ground, kill ½ million people
They were now the supreme power in the Mediterranean Sea
The problems with expanding Land:
Gain new territories(provinces)
Make subjects of Rome
Government: Senate and nobility
were more powerful Corrupt government
Agriculture: Small farmers lost their
land Rome dependent upon
provinces for grain Livestock were killed Society: Unemployed urban poor Public welfare Expanded trade created a
new social class of wealthy business people
Gap between the rich and poor growsWho was Spartacus?
A Weakening Republic-133 BC-27 BC
Large gap between rich and poor
People need land and want political reform(citizenship, hold public office)
Senate and Equites hold most of the power
The brother Gracchi, Tiberius and Gaius
Tiberius elected tribune-133 BC
Attempts land reforms- limit amount of land to be owned, give land to the poor
State funded grain for the people
Killed by a mob of Senator and supporters
Brother Gauis is elected tribune in 123 BC
Pushes brothers reforms and others
Senate passes ‘ the ultimate decree’ death without trial
Problems Attempted Reforms
A Weakening Republic-133 BC-27 BC
The Gracchi brothers reforms and deaths mark a turning point in the republic Violence becomes
common place in politics
Highlights the power of the Senate and needs of the poor
Rome fights allied people in a series of ‘civil wars’
Generals begin to create there own armies of volunteers soldiers who are loyal to them
A New Age Social War
Julius Caesar
1. What kind of world is Julius Caesar born in to?
2. What is Caesar’s motivation?
3. What makes Caesar so popular?
4. Why does Caesar need Southern Gaul?
5. How does Caesar ensure he wins the election for Consul?
6. What makes Caesar a good general? Give examples from the battles discussed.
7. Why is Caesar a threat to Pompey the Great and the Senate?
8. How is the Triumvirate ended?
9. How do the Gaul's drive out the Romans?
10. Why is crossing the Rubicon a significant event for Caesar?
11. Why is Julius Caesar a significant figure in Roman history?
12. Did the conspirators do the right thing by assassinating Caesar? Explain.
Video Questions
Julius Caesar
Caesar is a popular speaker and general
Part of the first Triumvirate or rule of three(Pompey the Great and Crassus)
Conquers Gaul, first to invaded Britain and Germany
While in Gaul, Crassus is killed, Pompey declares himself sole consul and orders Caesar home
Caesar invades Rome (crosses the Rubicon River)
Chases Pompey to Egypt, places Cleopatra as ruler(love affair)
Pompey is killed, Caesar returns home victorious, named dictator for life
44 BC- March 15, Ides of March, Senators conspire to kill Caesar, led by Brutus and Cassius, he is assassinated
Beginning Rule and Assassination
The Roman Empire
Caesar had named 19 year old Octavian his heir
Formed with Marc Anthony and Lepidus
Octavian emerges as sole leader 27 BC
Reigned from 27 BC to 14 AD
Known as the ‘Pax Romana’ or Roman peace
Second TriumvirateThe First Emperor-Augustus
Roman Readings
At each group you will read about a different key person in Roman History(silent)
Once you are done you will be asked to discuss what you read(notes)
Julius Caesar Octavian/
Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Vespaisan
Life in the Roman Empire
Read pages 162-167 and list 5 facts about each topic on your sheet.
Worksheet
Life in the Roman Empire
3 key factors Strong
government and laws
Roads and widespread trade
Strong Army
Distinct Social Classes
Slavery is common Not always
permanent Male dominated
society Public Entertainment
is an essential part of Roman life Chariots races-
Circus Maximus Gladiators-Coliseu
m
Building a Strong Empire Life in Roman Empire
Life in the Roman Empire
Use concrete to build grand structures
Aqueducts for water-Arch and the keystone
Vaulted Dome
One thing all Romans participated in was the daily trip to the public baths
All social classes
Engineering Baths
Roman Empire
96 AD-180 AD Rome is relatively
stable and maintains orders
From 235 AD to 284 AD the Roman Empire begins to fall apart
Civil War Invaders on the
borders Inflation Unemployment
The Five Good Emperors The Beginning of the End
A Divided Empire
Ends Civil War, Establishes order
Decides empire is too big large for one man to rule
Divides Empire-West-East
Co-Emperors
Takes over Western Empire after his father dies
Civil War with the East
Wins- Reestablished sole empire
Establishes city of Constantinople
Adapts Christianity as the state religion
Rules until 337 BC
Diocletian 284 AD Constantine 306 AD
Bell work
List 3 facts about the Coliseum.
List one thing Diocletian and Constantine did as Emperor.
The Fall of The Western Roman Empire
After Constantine the empire once again became divided East and West
Rome and Constantinople
300’s AD Goths invade empire
410 AD Visigoth’s sack Rome
455 AD Vandal’s sack Rome
Attilla and the Hun’s attack in 451 AD
476 AD the last emperor falls
The Final Invasions
Causes of the Decline
Invasions/Civil War
High cost of defense
Dependence on Non-Roman troops
No Loyalty to Rome
General’s greed Corruption Ineffective
political system
High Taxes Inflation Loss of War loot Poor Harvests SocialGap of rich and poorLoss of ValuesLoss of Patriotism
Military/Government Economic
Reading Assignment/ Unit Review
Read each primary source and answer the questions that follow.
Due Wed. 8th hour Thurs. 1st hour
Study your review sheet, notes and old assignments
Notecard Test Wed. 8th hour,
Thurs. 1st hour You will get 20-30
minutes at the beginning of class during MOD to review
Reading Packet Unit Review