the roman republic & the punic wars 509 bc – 27 bc
TRANSCRIPT
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The Roman Republic & the Punic Wars
509 BC – 27 BC
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Hypothetical reconstruction of Roman Forum in Imperial times.
Watercolor (18th century), Giuseppe Becchetti
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Why were the Romans able to conquer Italy & the Mediterranean World?
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Ancient Italy (c. 6th century B.C.)
PEOPLE:
The Latins-Rome: “The First Romans”
The Etruscans-Northern Italy-Urbanized Rome: Building Programs (the Forum)-Influence on Romans: the arch, alphabet
The Greeks-Southern Italy and Sicily-Influence on Romans: art, architecture, literature, ..government, engineering
GEOGRAPHY:
-Tiber River & Mediterranean Sea-Fertile Soil & Strategic Location
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Government:
Republic
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The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
• 509 B.C., Romans rejected Etruscan king (monarchy) and established a republic.– Power rests with the citizens who have the right to
vote for their leaders.– In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted
only to free-born male citizens.
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The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
STRUGGLE FOR POWER: CLASS CONFLICT
• Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most of the power: inherited power and social status
• Plebeians- (Plebs) common farmers, artisans and merchants who made up the majority of the population: can vote, but can’t rule
–Tribunes- elected representatives who protect plebeians’ political rights.
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The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
A “Balanced” Government
• Rome elects two consuls– one to lead army, one to direct government
• Senate- chosen from patricians (Roman upper class), make foreign and domestic policy
• Popular assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for plebeians (commoners)
• Dictators- leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis (appt. by consuls and senate)
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The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
THE TWELVE TABLES
• 451 B.C., officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets and hung in Forum.
• Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law
• Become the basis for later Roman law
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Military Organization:
The Roman Army
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The Roman Army• All citizens were required
to serve
• Army was powerful:– Organization & fighting skill
• Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)
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Rome Spreads its Power• Romans defeat
Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south
• Treatment of Conquered:– Forge alliances– Offer citizenship
• By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula
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Rome’s Commercial Network• Rome establishes a large trading network
• Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes
• Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome
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Military Organization:
The Punic Wars
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Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)
• Three Wars between Rome and Carthage
• 1st Punic War- Rome gains control of Sicily & western Mediterranean Sea.
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection
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Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)
• 2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibal’s “surprise” attack through Spain & France– 60,000 soldiers and 60
elephants– Romans experience severe
losses, but eventually ward off attacks & invade North Africa
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection
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Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route
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Hannibal's troops crossing the Rhone River on their way to attack northern Italy.
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Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)
• 3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage – Scipio- Roman Strategist– Conquered people sold into
slavery
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection
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Why were the Romans able to conquer Italy & the Mediterranean World? Give a few reasons and explain.
Do you think the Roman Republic owed its success more to its form of government, or its army? Why?