the role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at dsm european poultry symposium...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prestage Department of Poultry Science
Developing Leadership for the Global Marketplace
![Page 2: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Role of Intestinal Health in Broiler Production
Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón DVM, MSc., PhD, Dipl. ACPV
Associate Professor / Extension Specialist
![Page 3: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline of this Presentation
● Importance of intestinal health
●Gut microbiome and its impacts
●Factors that disrupt gut ecosystem affecting health
●Current methods to study microbial ecology
●Alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics
![Page 4: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Healthy Guts: Key for Poultry Production
![Page 5: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Factors Giving More Relevance toGut Health Lately
● Growth promotant antibiotic bans or avoidance
● Increased concern for food safety – microbiological
● Coccidiosis: increased resistance & lack new products
● Growing environmental and welfare concerns● Feed ingredient costs & increased use of byproducts
● Higher variability on feed composition
● Need to improve digestibility and efficiency
![Page 6: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Indirect
Indirectly
![Page 7: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tendencies in the Poultry Industry
![Page 8: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Outline of this Presentation
● Importance of intestinal health
●Gut microbiome and its impacts
![Page 9: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lactobacilos, Streptococos &
Coliformes
Lactobacilos, Streptococos &
Coliformes
Bifidobactérias, Bacteroides,
Streptococos & Clostridium
Gut: Ecosystem with bird as host
![Page 10: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gut Ecosystem in Equilibrium = Healthy
![Page 11: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Toxin production, potential carcinogens = AGV, Amonia
Intestinal putrefaction = biogenic amines
Transformation de Bile salts
Effects of Microbial Populations in the Intestine
Negative Positive
(G.R Gibson, 1998)
Bifidobacterium
Bacteroides
Eubacterium
Metanogenic
anaer. G(+) cocci
Sulfate reducers
Lactobacillus
enterobacteria
Veillonella
Clostridium
Staphylococcus
Vibrionaceae
Ps. aeruginosa
11
2
8
Populations, log cfu/g fezes
E. coliDiarrheaConstipationInfectionsSystemic effects
Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria
Immune system stimulation
Help in digestion and absorption of nutrients and minerals
Vitamin Synthesis
Salmonella
Edgar Oviedo
Pathobionts
![Page 12: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Toxin production, potential carcinogens = AGV, Amonia
Intestinal putrefaction = biogenic amines
Transformation de Bile salts
Microbial Populations in the Intestine
Negative Positive
(G.R Gibson, 1998)
Bifidobacterium
Bacteroides
Eubacterium
Metanogenic
anaer. G(+) cocci
Sulfate reducers
Lactobacillus
enterobacteria
Veillonella
Clostridium
Staphylococcus
Vibrionaceae
Ps. aeruginosa
11
2
8
Populations, log cfu/g fezes
E. coliDiarrheaConstipationInfectionsSystemic effects
Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria
Immune system stimulation
Help in digestion and absorption of nutrients and minerals
Vitamin Synthesis
Salmonella
Edgar Oviedo
80% unknown/unclassifiedOnly 1 to 5% cultivable
![Page 13: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Healthy Guts May Help to Reduce Gas Emissions, Odors and
Environmental Impact
![Page 14: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Less Ammonia, Less Animal Welfare and Processing Issues
![Page 15: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Outline of this Presentation
● Importance of intestinal health
●Gut microbiome and its impacts
●Factors that disrupt gut ecosystem affecting health
![Page 16: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Factors that Disrupt Gut Ecosystem Equilibrium
• Toxins: mycotoxins, biogenic amines, rancid fat
• Parasites: coccidia, worms, histomonas, hexamita
• Virus: entero, reo, corona, astro, rota, adeno, alphi, Newcastle
• Bacteria: Campylobacter, Clostridium, Salmonella, E. coli
● Stress: temperature, environmental factors (light)
● Water: excess salts, organic matter, pH, temperature
● Litter: ammonia, air quality• Diet: particle size, form
byproducts, fiber●Antinutrients: trypsin inhibitors,
phytate, NSPs, ovecookedprotein, AAimbalance, fat factors, calcium levels
![Page 17: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Intestinal Barriers to Gut Pathogen Translocation
1. Physical barriers
2. Peristalsis (transit time)
3. Secretions (water, electrolytes, HCl, enzymes, bile, Ig A)
4. Continuous mucosa cell sloughing
5. Polymeric
Immunoglobulins
6. Physical properties,
pH in each section
7. Mucus - mucins
8. Associated flora
![Page 18: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2. Normal Gut Motility in Avian Species• Peristaltic refluxes
• Passage rate could be altered by nutrient density, diet digestibility, and osmotic properties
Adequate particle size stimulates gizzard action
Normalizes feed passage rateThe
Gizzard
“Pace-setter” of Gut Motility
![Page 19: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
27
•Upper intestinal refluxJejunum to Gizzard
• Lower intestinal refluxColon to Ceca
Reverse Peristalsis • Gastric reflux:Gizzard to Proventriculus
![Page 20: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Gut Motility Affects Enteric Ecosystem
• Vigorous gut refluxes or antiperistalsis compensates for a short intestine in birds• Digesta exposure to gastric secretions
• Vigorously mix digesta with enzymes
• Enhances nutrient absorption
• Discourages microbial proliferation
• Fine cereal grinding and extensive feed processing contribute to gut health problems
![Page 22: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Optimal Rate of Digestion Results in Little Substrate for Bacteria
Starch
Fat
Protein
Fewer Bacteria
Absorbed nutrients
Bedford (2002)
![Page 23: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Slow digestion by the bird leads to more substrate for bacteria
Starch
Fat
Protein
More Bacteria
Fewer absorbed nutrients
Bedford (2002)
![Page 24: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Feed Passage
![Page 28: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Slow digestion by the bird leads to more substrate for bacteria
Starch
Fat
Protein
More Bacteria
Fewer absorbed nutrients
Bedford (2002)
Acute response
dysbacteriosis or enteritis
![Page 30: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Slow digestion by the bird leads to more substrate for bacteria
Starch
Fat
Protein
More Bacteria
Fewer absorbed nutrients
Response is to produce more enzymes, immunological reaction and grow a larger intestine. Costly in nutrient - energy terms.
Bedford (2002)Chronic
Acute response
dysbacteriosis or enteritis
![Page 34: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Proventriculitis and
gizzard atrophy
![Page 35: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
pH 2,5 pH 3,5
pH 5,0
pH 6,5 -7,0
pH 7-8
pH 7,0
6. Physical properties, pH
![Page 36: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Feeding Mash Particle Size (Exp. 1) and Pelleting a Fine Mash on the Relative Weights of Gizzard and Small
Intestine and the pH of their Contents
Gut parameters Experiment 1 Experiment 2
P <Mash Texture Fine Mash
Fine Medium Coarse Mash PelletRelative Weight
(g/100 g BW)
Gizzard 3.95 5.50 5.97 2.92 1.82 0.01Small Intestine 6.61 5.71 5.98 4.95 5.68 0.05
![Page 37: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Feeding Mash Particle Size (Exp. 1) and Pelleting a Fine Mash on the Relative Weights of Gizzard and Small
Intestine and the pH of their Contents
Gut parameters Experiment 1 Experiment 2
P <Mash Texture Fine Mash
Fine Medium Coarse Mash PelletRelative Weight
(g/100 g BW)
Gizzard 3.95b 5.50a 5.97a 2.92a 1.82b 0.01Small Intestine 6.61a 5.71ab 5.98b 4.95b 5.68a 0.05pH of contents
Gizzard 3.47a 3.03a 2.74b 3.29 3.45 0.05Small Intestine 5.92b 6.26a 6.32a 5.98 5.49 0.05
![Page 38: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
pH 2,5 pH > 3,5
pH < 5,0
pH <6,5 -7,0
pH < 7-8
pH < 7,0
6. Physical properties, pH
![Page 39: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Symptoms of Poor Gut Motility• Proventriculitis and gizzard atrophy
• Increased feather and litter picking
• Poor protein and fat digestion
• Reduced feed conversion, Increased Feed passage
• Increased susceptibility to colonization of enteric
pathogens
• Poor water and electrolyte reabsorption
• Increased mortality rate
![Page 40: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Outline of this Presentation
● Importance of intestinal health
●Gut microbiome and its impacts
●Factors that disrupt gut ecosystem affecting health
●Current methods to study microbial ecology
![Page 41: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Methods to Study Intestinal Microflora• Traditional Methods based on:
• Anaerobic culture techniques• Phenotypic characterization• Enumeration in selective media• Optic or electronic microscopy
• Only 1% of gut microbial communities are cultivableand 8% known and named (Hugenholtz et al., 1998).
• Culture methods can not simulate gut environmentconditions, especially ecological relations.
• Data from culture methods are very variable andalways incomplete.
![Page 42: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Gut microbial ecology is much bigger than expectedNo gut microbial community acts by itself
![Page 43: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Differences?It’s the same microflora?
![Page 44: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Gel Eletroforeses
![Page 46: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Pyrosequencing
![Page 47: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Krona chart of bacteria from chicken cecum (from
919 of the 972 chicken cecal sequences)
Low Relative Diversity
Wei et al., 2013. PS 92: 671-683
Most predominant Clostridium,
Ruminococccus, Lactobacillus,
and Bacteroids
![Page 48: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Distribution of bacterial genera identified in the
cecal microbiomes ofchicken and turkey. Red bars: chicken cecum;
green bars: turkey cecum.
Chickens and turkeys only share
16% similarity at species level
Wei et al., 2013. PS 92: 671-683
![Page 49: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Cecal microbial communities from male broilers with improved performance (▾) or poorer-performing birds (▴)
Torok V A et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2011;77:5868-5878
![Page 50: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Outline of this Presentation
● Importance of intestinal health
●Gut microbiome and its impacts
●Factors that disrupt gut ecosystem affecting health
●Current methods to study microbial ecology
●Alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics
![Page 51: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Alternatives to Growth Promotant Antibiotics and Coccidiostats
Minerals• Zinc Oxide• Copper Sulfate• Arsenicals
Exogenous enzymes• Proteases, Amilases• ß-mannanase• Xylanase, ß-glucans
Organic acids • Propionic, Acetic, Butiric
Probioticos• Water or Spray Application• Feed additive
Prebiotics• MOS - OS• FOS - Inulin
Plant extracts• Saponins• Carvacrol, timol,
•Feed Processing and Composition
•Management practices and Biosecurity
•Vaccination against specific pathogens
•Immuno-modulation
•Genetic Selection
![Page 52: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
AntibioticProbioticControl50 µm 50 µm 50 µm
Influence of probiotics and antibiotics on goblet cells (Uni et al., 2005)
![Page 53: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Effects of Essential Oils in theAvian Gastro Intestinal Tract
Intestinal villus development
Mucin production
Enterocyte migration
Intestinal pH ~
Pancreas estimulation ~Enzymes
![Page 54: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Effects of essential oil blend on ileal mucin production in broilers at 46 d
a
ab b
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 150 300Mu
cin
Pro
du
ctri
on (
µg/
g)
Essential oil + Benzoic acid concentration (ppm)
![Page 55: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Experience with Eubiotic
Additives
Probiotics and Essential Oils
![Page 56: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Experiment 1: Treatments1. Positive Control (PC) antibiotic (BMD®) &
ionophore (Coban®)
2. Negative Control (NC) ionophore only 3. Probiotic 1 (B. coagulans) BC-30
4. Probiotic 2 (B. licheniformis, B. subtilis) B2B
5. Probiotic 3 (B. subtilis) Calsporin
6. Essential oil blend 1 (CPP) 300 ppm
7. Essential oil blend 1 (CPP) 150 ppm
12 replicates per treatment * All diets contained ionophore up to 35 d
![Page 57: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Experiment 1Feeding Phase
Variable Mean SEM CV % P -value
Starter
1 – 18 d
BWG, kg 0.540 0.005 3.4 NSFI, kg 0.800 0.006 2.9 NSFCR, kg:kg 1.481 0.011 2.5 0.011
Grower
18 – 35 d
BWG, kg 1.379 0.009 2.4 0.130FI, kg 2.295 0.016 2.5 NSFCR, kg:kg 1.661 0.008 1.7 0.006
Finisher
35 – 43 d
BWG, kg 0.700 0.009 4.8 0.033
FI, kg 2.295 0.016 2.5 NS
FCR, kg:kg 1.965 0.021 3.6 0.025
![Page 58: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
P = 0.79
P = 0.01
Exp. 1 Starter 1-18 d
![Page 59: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Outline of this Seminar
• Intestinal Health
• Methods to Evaluate Microbiota
• Essential Oils and Probiotics
– Performance
– Microbial Ecology
![Page 60: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Lactobacilos, Streptococos &
Coliformes
Lactobacilos, Streptococos &
Coliformes
Bifidobactérias, Bacteroides,
Streptococos & Clostridium
Effects on Gut Microflora?
![Page 61: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Evaluation of Antibiotic Growth Promotant,
Ionophore, Three Probiotics,Two Essential Oils
Cecal contents at 43 days in Two Consecutive Trials – Same Pens
![Page 62: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Probio1
Probio2
Probio3
EO1 300ppm
EO1 150ppm
GPA + Ionophore
Ionophore
Dendogram of Cecal Microbial Communities in Broilers at 43 days Experiment 1
![Page 63: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
GPA + Ionophore
Ionophore
Probio1
Probio2
Probio3
EO1 300ppm
EO2 100ppm
Dendogram of Cecal Microbial Communities in Broilers at 43 days Experiment 2
![Page 64: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Summary Two Experiments
• Essential Oil Blend 1 (CPP) at 300 ppm and probiotic 3 (B. subtilis) may be consider as growth promotants.
• Each additive modulates gut microflora in a different manner
![Page 65: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
A 46dD 46dB 46dC 46dE 46dF 46d
100959085
80.3
86.6
94.7
86.5
96.0
Corn, EO 0ppm
Wheat, EO 0ppm
Corn, EO 150ppm
Corn, EO 300ppm
Wheat, EO 150ppmWheat, EO 300ppm
Effects of Essential Oils onCorn and Wheat Diets
Similarity Coefficients
![Page 66: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Additives: Antibiotics+ Ionophores, essential oils in Coccidia vaccination and infection
• Corn + Soybean diets• Additives:
BMD®+Coban®, Crina Poultry®, Crina Alternate®
• Gavage infection at 17 d: E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella
• Cecal samples collected 7 d post-infection
![Page 67: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Gut Microbial Ecology of Broilers Evaluated by DGGE and Compared as SimilarityCoefficients (%SC)
Similarity Coefficients (%) between MC in Pre- and Post-Challenge Periods
78.4
36.7
73.3
59.7
66.7
55.4
81.8 81.986.4
79.5
67.9
60.466.4
66.5
36.2
30
45
60
75
90
Sim
ilarit
y C
oeff
icie
nt
Duodenal Ileal Cecal
Unmedicated Uninfected
BMD + CobanUnmedicated Infected Crina Poultry Crina Alternate
Specific Essential Oils Blends
(Hume et al, 2006)
![Page 68: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Pyrosequencing
![Page 69: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Cecal Microflora in Broilers FedBasal Diet, Pre-infection 17 d
Vankley et al., 2013
![Page 70: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Cecal Microflora in Broilers FedControl - Basal Diet, Uninfected 26 d
![Page 71: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Cecal Microflora in Broilers FedBasal diet, post- infection 26 d
Eimeria infection can cause severe changes on cecal microflora
Vankley et al., 2013
![Page 72: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
GPA (BMD) caused a partial modulation post Eimeria-infection (26 d)
Vankley et al., 2013
![Page 73: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Cecal Microflora of Broilers Fed Diet Supplemented with EO Crina® Poultry, post Eimeria-infection (26 d)
![Page 74: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Cecal Microflora of Broilers Fed Diet Supplemented with EO Crina® Alternate, post Eimeria-infection (26 d)
Vankley et al., 2013
![Page 75: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Conclusions• Intestinal health is key for live performance,
food safety, animal welfare and reduce environmental impact of poultry production
• Intestines should be managed as ecosystems
• Understand gut microbial dynamics is important to develop new additives, reduce patogens and improve poultry performance
• Molecular methods are fundamental tools to study gut Microbial Ecology
![Page 76: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Conclusions• Each additive affects microflora in a different
manner
• Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
• Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
• Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
![Page 77: The role of intestinal health in broiler production - e. o. oviedo at DSM European Poultry Symposium 2013](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042517/5870c3b11a28ab0b4a8b7b73/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Prestage Department of Poultry Science
International Course on Poultry Production, May 12-16, 2014Feed Manufacturing Short-Course, May 16-17, 2014