the roaring future of commercial space flights

7/31/2019 The Roaring Future of Commercial Space Flights

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The Roaring future of

commercial space flights

Presented in Kongu Engineering

College on 30.06.2012.


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The space flights were the exclusive domain of

the space nations

We know very well ever the first human space flight was made by the

erstwhile soviet unions yuri gagarin on Apil 12 in 1961. The USA became

the second nation to send a human space flight

first American manned spaceflight, flown by Alan Shepard in 1961. This

came less than a month after Yuri Gagarin, a Russian, became the first

human to orbit Earth once.

Chinese Yang Liweis successful 2003 flight aboard Shenzou 5. made

China the third country to independently send humans into space.

In all these fifty years of human space flights only three countries have

sent the human space flights India is expected to send a manned space flight only by 2015 at the

earliest


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Starting 1961 the space flights so far in the 50

years of human space flight

Orbital human spaceflight

Name Debut Launches

Vostok 1960 6

Mercury 1962 4

Voskhod 1964 2 Gemini 1965 10

Soyuz 1967 110

Apollo/Skylab 1968 15

Shuttle 1981 135

Shenzhou 2003 4

Suborbital human spaceflight Name Debut Flights Mercury 1961, 2 X-151962 ,13 or 2 (Soyuz 18a, Soyuz T-10-1) 1975, 1983, 2 SpaceShipOne 2004,3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Geminihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_18ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-10-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceShipOnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceShipOnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-10-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-10-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-10-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-10-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-10-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_18ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Geminihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_programme


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With the curtailing of space flights due to disintegration of

soviet union and deorbiting of Mir space station the era of

commercial travellers to space and space tourism began

Just like the NASAs present cash crunch, Russia inheriting the ErstwhileSoviet Unions space program, too was cash starved to continue the spaceprogram. It offered to lift the non-astronauts for a fee. The TokyoBroadcasting System(TBS) offered to pay for one of its reporters to fly on amission. Toyohiro Akiyama was flown in 1990 to Mir the then Russian

Space Station with the eighth crew and returned a week later with theseventh crew. Akiyama did daily TV broadcast from orbit and alsoperformed scientific experiments for Russian and Japanese companies.Thereafter a total 7 passengers have flown to ISS aboard Russian Soyuzspace crafts between 2001 to 2009 Collaborating with the Federal SpaceAgency of the Russian Federation and Rocket and Space Corporation

(Energia) Space Adventures facilitated the flights for all of the world's firstprivate space explorers. The participants paid in excess of $20 million(USD) each for their 10-day visit to the ISS. Space Adventures,thus,remains the only company to have sent commercial passengers tospace so far. Russia intends to resume the space tourism in 2013.


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The closure of space shuttle program led to the end of

shuttle era

Beginning 1981 as many as 135 flights,

including two disastrous missions, have been

made by the space shuttle program to the

International space station now orbiting theearth. With the winding down of the space

shuttle an era of space flight has come to an

end.


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The image of space shuttle atlantis after retirement being

moved to Kennedy Space Center Visitors complex for display


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The closure of space shuttle program has opened doors

to commercial space flights by private companies

The space shuttle might have stopped ferrying crew to the ISS

still the need to send replacement crew and materials and

essentials to the space station still remains as it is slated to

remain in orbit to around 2025. This has opened up

possibilities for private companies to carry crew and materialby commercial spaceflights to cater to the needs of the ISS.


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NASAS COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM LOGO


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NASAs Commercial Crew Program Introduces CCiCap Initiative

Aerospace companies bidding for NASA's Commercial Crew Program (CCP)

development dollars will be expected to present the agency with a viable

spacecraft and rocket combination along with blueprints for a mission control

center and ground operations.

Aims to provide funding for fully integrated crew transportation systems in the

summer of 2012 . The awards are expected to lead to activities engineers dreamabout, such as drop tests, engine test fires, pad abort tests and demonstration

flights.

The program plans to award multiple Space Act Agreements, valued from $300

million to $500 million each. The goal of CCiCap is to develop an indigenous U.S.

transportation system that can safely, affordably and routinely fly to low Earth

orbit destinations

Those other low Earth orbit markets include research in the health and medical

field, satellite servicing, space tourism and the transportation of astronauts from

countries that dont have human spaceflight programs.


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Helping to pave the road for the future of commercial spaceflight, Boeing is

hard at work on the research and development of a new space capsule aimed

at flying people to the International Space Station.


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Photo of actual Dragon spacecraft after its first successful orbital

flight.


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An artistic rendition of the Dream Chaser vehicle launching into

space.


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This artist's illustration of the orbital crew-carrying spaceship planned by the

private company Blue Origin was included in the firm's NASA Space Act

agreement to continue its work on a commercial crew space vehicle.


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Virgin Galactics Suborbital SpaceShipTwo glides over Mojave Air

and Space Port in California.


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Details of Boeings CST-100

Aerospace giant Boeing is developing a space capsule called the CST-100

to ferry astronauts to and from the space station and other destinations in

low-Earth orbit.

NASA's CCDev program has invested roughly $120 million in the CST-100

capsule, which is designed to seat up to seven passengers. The spacecraft,

which measures 14.8 feet (4.5 meters) across at its widest point, utilizes

proven technology from NASA's Apollo and space shuttle programs,

Boeing officials have said.

The CST-100 is expected to make ground landings, though it will also be

capable of ocean splashdowns in emergency situations. Each individual

capsule is designed to make 10 spaceflights, and the CST-100 could be

operational by 2016.
http://www.space.com/13309-cst-100-photos-boeing-private-space-capsule.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13309-cst-100-photos-boeing-private-space-capsule.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13309-cst-100-photos-boeing-private-space-capsule.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13309-cst-100-photos-boeing-private-space-capsule.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13309-cst-100-photos-boeing-private-space-capsule.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13309-cst-100-photos-boeing-private-space-capsule.html


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Details of Space-Xs Dragon since made the first-ever

commercial flight to International Space Station ushering in a

new era.

California-based SpaceX since developed Dragon capsule to carry cargoand crew to low-Earth orbit and beyond and made a successful flight tothe ISS becoming the first private company to do so.

The company holds a $1.6 billion contract to make 12 unmanned cargoflights to the space station for NASA. Saturday's flight is a demonstrationmission to see if Dragon and SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket are ready to start

making those bona fide supply runs, which could begin later this year if allgoes well.

The crewed version of Dragon is designed to carry up to seven astronautsto the orbiting lab or deep space destinations such as Mars. SpaceX CEOElon Musk has said he founded the company with the primary goal ofhelping humanity become a multiplanet species.

Last year, NASA's CCDev program gave SpaceX $75 million to help thecompany upgrade Dragon to carry crew.
http://www.space.com/13409-photos-spacex-dragon-capsule-commercial-spacecraft.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13409-photos-spacex-dragon-capsule-commercial-spacecraft.html


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Details about Sierra Nevadas Dream Chaser

Sierra Nevada's Dream Chaser is a small spaceplane designed to carry seven astronauts to andfrom low-Earth orbit. The spacecraft, which isbased on a NASA concept vehicle from the 1980s

called the HL 20, will launch vertically atop arocket but land on a runway like an airplane.

NASA has granted Sierra Nevada more than $100million in CCDev funding over the past two years

to aid in the Dream Chaser's development.Company officials say the space plane should beready to begin operations by 2016.
http://www.space.com/14446-photos-dream-chaser-space-plane.htmlhttp://www.space.com/14446-photos-dream-chaser-space-plane.html


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Details of Blue Origins Space Vehicle

a secretive company set up by Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos,hopes to ferry NASA astronauts to and from the space station oneday with its Space Vehicle.

The Space Vehicle is a biconic craft designed to carry sevenpassengers, or a mix of cargo and crew. Blue Origin is developing a

reusable first-stage booster to help get the spaceship to orbitrelatively cheaply.

Company officials have said the Space Vehicle should be ready tobegin commercial operations between 2016 and 2018. Blue Originis also working on a suborbital spacecraft called New Shepard,which would be launched atop a reusable propulsion module.

The company has received more than $25 million over the last twoyears from NASA's Commercial Crew Development (CCDev)program to help its efforts along.


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Details of Virgin Galactics SpaceShipTwo

Virgin Galactic's six-passenger SpaceShipTwo is designed to ferrytourists, researchers and their experiments to suborbital space.[Photos: SpaceShipTwo's Test Flights]

SpaceShipTwo will be carried to an altitude of about 50,000 feet(15,000 meters) by a mothership known as WhiteKnightTwo. At that

point, the spacecraft's rocket will kick on, boosting SpaceShipTwoup to 62 miles (100 kilometers) or so above Earth's surface.

Virgin Galactic has already collected deposits from more than 500customers willing to pay $200,000 for a seat aboard SpaceShipTwo,and the company also inked a deal with the nonprofit SouthwestResearch Institute to make scientific flights.

Virgin officials say they hope to begin rocket-powered flight tests ofSpaceShipTwo later this year, with commercial operations perhapsstarting in 2013 or 2014.
http://www.space.com/13296-photos-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-test-flights.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13296-photos-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-test-flights.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13296-photos-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-test-flights.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13296-photos-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-test-flights.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13296-photos-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-test-flights.htmlhttp://www.space.com/13296-photos-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-test-flights.html


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It is a The Private Space Taxi Race

In the wake of last year's space shuttle retirement,NASA is working with commercial space companies todevelop private space taxis to carry cargo andastronauts to the International Space Station.

So far, two companies Space ExplorationTechnologies (SpaceX) and Orbital Science Corp. have won billions in funding to ferry food, supplies andscientific experiments to the space station onunmanned spacecraft. Those companies, as well as

Blue Origin, Boeing, and Sierra Nevada Corp., are alsoworking under contracts to develop manned vehiclescapable of flying astronauts to and from the orbitingoutpost.


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Other Promising Areas due to plans of private

enterprises

Apart from the space station, an orbital space hotel planned by theRussian company Orbital technologies by the year 2016 will enable spacetourists to stay in space for two to three weeks. Many aspirant spacetourism companies have also jumped in the fray sensing a money makingopportunity proposing suborbital space tours. RocketShip Tours, Space

Adventures, Virgin Galactic, Starchaser, Blue Origin, Armadilio SpaceAerospace, XCOR Aerospace are some of the companies which announcedsuch intentions. Virgin Galactic and X COR are into developing their ownspace crafts to carry the space travelers commercially. Virgin Galactic isstated to have plans to collect upto 2,00,0000 dollars for each passenger.More than 500 aspirants are believed to have signed up with Virgin

galactic so far. American motel tycoons Robert Bigelows Bigelowaerospace has plans to run inflatable space habitats and a British companyX Calibur Almaz has announced Flights to moon in a converted Soviet-eraspace station for 100 million per person.


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Asteroid mining

The space plans just do not end with constructing hotels, inflatablehabitats in space etc.,. Planetary Resources a company backed bymultiple billionaires like James Cameron, is hoping to mine theasteroids in space for precious materials running scarce on earth.Billionaire entrepreneurs in the high-profile tech industry are in thecompany, Planetary Resources with a view to mine multipleelements from asteroids near the earth. The startup has revealedsuch plans and hopes to extract materials such as water, mineralsand precious metals from the large space rocks.

The venture, costing several million dollars, will utilize roboticspacecraft for first surveying asteroids and then to carry out

mining. Some of the super-rich giants backing the project includeexplorer and Avatar director, James Cameron, chief executive ofGoogle Larry Page, along with executive chairman, Eric Schmidt.There is even the aspiration of having a fuel depot in space by theyear 2020.


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Mission to Mars planned by Space-X

Normally countries like U.S and Russia would have

been the ones to plan a Mars expedition. Dogged by

budgetary constraints the U.S. is not likely to embark

on such a step until 2030. Space-X now being thefirst private company ever to send a commercial

spaceflight into space feels encouraged after its

success of Falcon-9 and Dragon X to take a shot at

Mars by the year 2020.


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The new planned space activities will necessitate

commercial space flights

Space tourism, setting up of space hotel ,

asteroid mining and mars travel all planned

involve more and more private participation in

space leading to more and more commercialflights. Their future appears to be roaring as

sound as the rocket engines


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Commercial Space Travel May Bring Science Benefits

Launching NASA astronauts to the International Space Station aboard

commercial spaceships may have its risks, but the payoffs from lower-cost

flights to the orbiting outpost, and expanded scientific use of the

microgravity environment like microgravity manufacturing are expected

to be considerable

By supporting the development of new private spaceships, NASA will be

able to purchase flights to and from the space station with reduced cost

and oversight.
http://www.space.com/14982-private-space-travel-risks-faa.htmlhttp://www.space.com/14982-private-space-travel-risks-faa.htmlhttp://www.space.com/14982-private-space-travel-risks-faa.htmlhttp://www.space.com/14982-private-space-travel-risks-faa.html


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Some challenges: The effect of zero gravity on space

crew is a challenge to be tackled


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Dangers faced during space travel

Phase I -Prelaunch preparation Fire, Training , Rocket

malfunction

Phase II- Lift off and Ascent - Vehicle Break up

Phase III- Vaccum of space Onboard explosion, fire,

decompression, control failure

Phase IV- Re-entry and landing Heat Shield failure,

Parachute failure


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Despite the physical discomfort and dangers in space

travel it is still attractive

Yes the thrills of being in space ,experiencing theweightless in zero gravity making one float and thediscovering the earth from space, viewing far offplanets, galaxies all are beyond description

The lure of mining on the asteroid etc., propell usinto space still

Commercial space flights have come to stay and theirfuture more promising.


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THANK YOU

Spacially yours,

Mohan Sanjeevan

Event and Broadcast OrganizerIndia, Astronomylive.com

Feature writer: Nano Digest

the roaring future of commercial space flights

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