The Rise of The Rise of Dictatorships inDictatorships in Europe Europe

Socials 11Socials 11

After WWIAfter WWI

►Countries ruined from warCountries ruined from war►DepressionDepression►Europe was in search of stability and Europe was in search of stability and

prosperityprosperity►Started wondering whether capitalism and Started wondering whether capitalism and

democracy were really the answerdemocracy were really the answer

Soviet Union : The Ascension of Soviet Union : The Ascension of Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

►Lenin and the Bolsheviks: Lenin and the Bolsheviks: first communist first communist government, first government, first totalitarian state.totalitarian state.

►Stalin took over in 1928Stalin took over in 1928► Industrialization at the cost Industrialization at the cost

of human sacrifice without of human sacrifice without precedentprecedent

►““man of steel”man of steel”►Collectivization of land = 7 Collectivization of land = 7

million died of faminemillion died of famine

Stalin and CommunismStalin and Communism►Governed 1924-1953Governed 1924-1953►Extermination of his political Extermination of his political

opponents = about 3 million victimsopponents = about 3 million victims►Communism Communism

The state is The state is omnipotent and omnipotent and omnipresentomnipresent

Everyone equal, no class system, Everyone equal, no class system, resources shared equallyresources shared equally

The state assumes all control over The state assumes all control over peoples’ lives as well as the economy.peoples’ lives as well as the economy.

All land must be given up to the All land must be given up to the governmentgovernment

Fascist ItalyFascist Italy

►Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini►Fascist government = opposed to Fascist government = opposed to

democracy, controls all media, democracy, controls all media, nationalistic, relies on military and nationalistic, relies on military and police to maintain absolute controlpolice to maintain absolute control

►« The state above all else! »« The state above all else! »

► Italy in the 20s: heavy Italy in the 20s: heavy losses, homelessness, losses, homelessness, economic difficulties.economic difficulties.

►1922 – Mussolini 1922 – Mussolini overthrows the overthrows the government in Rome government in Rome

►Mussolini takes the Mussolini takes the title « Il Duce » or title « Il Duce » or « the leader »« the leader »

►Censorship and Censorship and extreme limits on extreme limits on freedom of expressionfreedom of expression

Germany After WWIGermany After WWI

►Germany held responsible for the warGermany held responsible for the war►Treaty of Versailles:Treaty of Versailles:

Territory lossesTerritory losses Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions Huge reparations owedHuge reparations owed

► InflationInflation

Adolf Hitler and the Rise of Adolf Hitler and the Rise of National SocialismNational Socialism

►Hitler promised to:Hitler promised to: Tear up the Treaty of VersaillesTear up the Treaty of Versailles Restore Germany to her former gloryRestore Germany to her former glory Raise a powerful armyRaise a powerful army Render to Germany the peoples and Render to Germany the peoples and

territories situated in the countries territories situated in the countries created by the treaty: Austria, created by the treaty: Austria, Checkoslovakia, and Poland.Checkoslovakia, and Poland.

►Eloquent speakerEloquent speaker►Founder of the German National Founder of the German National

Socialist party, or Nazi PartySocialist party, or Nazi Party►Mein Kampf = Mein Kampf = « my struggle »« my struggle »

Aryans = superior raceAryans = superior race DestinyDestiny Anschluss = Anschluss = unification of Germany and unification of Germany and

AustriaAustria Conquer EuropeConquer Europe

►1933: Hitler elected chancellor, 1933: Hitler elected chancellor, becomes « der Fuhrer » or « the becomes « der Fuhrer » or « the leader »leader »

Questions?Questions?