the rise of cities & civilizations mr. ott @ beta aim: how do civilizations develop? do now:...
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The Rise of Cities
& Civilization
s
Mr. Ott @ BETA
Aim: How do civilizations develop?
Do Now: What caused civilizations to develop in the Neolithic Revolution?
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What are the Four (4) Social Studies Categories
Geography: Where is it? Is the land mountainous?
Desert? Isolated by Geographic Features? Political: Government -- Who controls what? What
type of government is there? Anything to do with laws or war.
Economic: Trade -- What type of economy? How do
people make a living? It is NOT money! Social:
Society & Culture – Religious, Art, Traditions, Social Class
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The Start of Ancient CivilizationWe begin at about 9,000 years ago when village life began in the New Stone Age. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.
NEW STONE
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What is the REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY new way of living
From: Hunter-Gatherers Agriculture
& Herding to
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The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.
Agriculture (Farming)
Growth of Cities
Division of Labor (Job Specialization)
Trade
Writing and Mathematics
Government
Surplus
Laws = Civilization
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Extensive and dense population People not involved in food production Monumental public buildings Ruling class living off surplus Systems of recording Exact & predictive sciences (e.g. geometry) Full-time craft specialists Long distance trade State organization based on residence rather than kingship
What traits are necessary in order for a society to be a civilization?
(Surplus/Specialization)
(Specialization) (Government/Religion)
(Government/Surplus)
(Writing)
(Specialization) (Specialization)
(Specialization/Surplus)
(Government)
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Geography of MesopotamiaWhat does Mesopotamia mean?
The Land Between the Two (2) Rivers
Tigris River
1.
Euphrates River
2.
What are the names of these two rivers?
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What is another name for the Area Around Mesopotamia?
The Fertile Crescent
Why would we call it that?Because it is shaped like a quarter moon and the land is able to be farmed over and over. (Green Area)
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What is a Plateau? An area of elevated flat land.
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Flood Plain
2. The Two Rivers form and run over the Elevated Flat Land
3. The Rivers flow and flood the low land making the land fertile for planting crops
Persian Gulf4. The
Two RiversEmpty into the Persian Gulf
The paths of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. This creates Mesopotamia and rich farming land.
Can you name the current modern country Mesopotamia is located in?
Plateau
Taurus Mountains(In Present Day Turkey)
1. Water from the melting snow rushes to the valley below.
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IRAQ
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From Rivers to Fields
Silt
Silt flows down Tigris & Euphrates
Deposits mostly down near Persian Gulf (Southern Mesopotamia)
Droughts
Not much Rain
Flood at Harvest
Time not at Growing Time
Irrigation
Create Canals and Artificial Lakes
Controlled Water for use when needed
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March 16, 2005
February 7, 2005
Satellite Image of the Tigris River Before & After Flooding
Iraq, 2005
Tigris River
Tigris River
Before Flooding
After Flooding
Do you think the
rivers flood today?
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Mesopotamia Civilizations
Sumerian City States
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SumerWhat is a city-state?
A self-governing city which also governs surrounding villages.
Eridu
Most important city-states were: Ur, Uruk, Eridu
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Sumer• City-States c. 3000 BC
• Same time as Menes unified Egypt
• Sometimes fought for control of neighboring city-states
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Architecture (building) - ZigguratLocated in center of cities, large, towering mud-brick building.
Had a temple at the top, for religious purposes.
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WritingCuneiform – System of writing invented in Sumer.
Used for record keeping, laws, stories, instructions, riddles, proverbs, education, math, and science.
Scribes – Mostly Boys, but some girls (rare)
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City LifeHuge city gates, with large walls.Often went to war with other city-states, for resources such as river water.
Food brought to cities by area farmers
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ReligionCity revolved around temple & religion.
Food brought to feed temple god and priests and King.
Each city-state worshiped a different god or goddess. Polytheism (many gods)(Ishtar – Love & War or Enki – Water)
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Hammurabi of Babylon (1790-1752 BC) was able to create a unified kingdom over all of southern Mesopotamia
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What arecodes of law?It is a written set of laws that apply to everyone under a government.
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The United States
ConstitutionWhat is the main code of law of the United States?
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Code of Hammurabi
• Discovered in 1901 in Susa
• Pillar with over 200 laws• One of the oldest code of
laws. (4,000 years old)• Showed Slavery existed in
Babylonia.• Not everyone was treated
the same. Different laws for different groups of people.
Why?
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Land of the Pharaohs Egyptian Civilization
AIM: What were the major contributions of Ancient Egypt?
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GEOGRAPHY
Ancient Egypt
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Where in the world is Egypt?
Continent: Africa
Location: Northeast Corner
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What is Egypt’s most visible & Important Geographic feature?
It is also the lifeblood of Egypt.
Why?
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By looking at the map which way do you think the Nile river flows?
(From what direction to what direction?)
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
Fro
m S
ou
th t
o
Nort
h
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The Egypt is divided into two (2) parts.
What are they called?
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt1. _____________
2. _____________
Where on the map are they located?
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The rulers of Lower & Upper Egypt had crowns to wear.
Why would a ruler wear both crowns at the same time?
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What is the wide part of the Nile River called?
GREEK LETTER
DELTA The letter for our “D”
Why do you think we call it a delta?
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Because the Nile flows into the Mediterranean
Sea it dumps this into the
Nile Delta?
SiltA tiny mixture of soil and rock.
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How do you think the Ancient
Egyptian Farmer
watered their fields?
What technology was used?
The watering of land by canals or pipes.irrigation
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What is a Pharaoh?
What is unification?Joining of separate parts into one
A ruler of Egypt
Name some ways a Pharaoh could
unify Egypt?
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Life Under Pharaoh G
overnment
Religion
Economy
Domestication Agriculture – Farming Surplus Specialization Trade
Child of Sun God RaHe Gives Life to Egypt
Administration, Taxes, Judges
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Slaves
PharaohGovernment
OfficialsSoldiers
Scribes
Merchants
ArtisansFarmers
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AIM: What contributions did Ancient Indian Civilization have?
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Subcontinent A large land mass
geographically separated from the rest of the continent.
India is a subcontinent, separated from Asia by Himalaya Mountains.
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monsoon seasonal winds
that bring rainIndus Valley
farmers depended on the rains to irrigate their land
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Sophisticated urban centers
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Dynamic trade state - trade with Mesopotamia and China
Monsoons
Civilization Develops
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Cities very sophisticated with advanced sewage systems & city grid system street planning
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Decline due to• Degradation of
the ecosystem• Migration of
nomadic Aryans• Political collapse