THERETURN TO NORMALCY

Mr. Ermer

U.S. History Honors

Miami Beach Senior High

LACC.1112.RH.1.9, SS.912.A.5.1-10, SS.912.A.1-7,

SS.912.G.1-3, SS.912.G.4-3

THE GREAT WAR ENDS

Many of Wilson’s promises of self determination fall flat• Russian Bolsheviks become competition in anti-colonial struggle

Treaty of Versailles rejected by U.S. Senate, “no” to League of Nations• Henry Cabot Lodge, chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee, fights treaty• Wilson campaigns for no changes to League Covenant, has a stroke

Economy enters post-war recession, rapid inflation from released price controls

Boston Police Strike, Mass. Gov. Calvin Coolidge sends National Guard

Steelworker’s Strike of 1919

THE ISOLATIONIST MYTHAfter WWI, many Americans favor isolationism, U.S. still connected

The Dawes Plan• Restructured German reparation payments, and Allied war debt

The Washington Naval Conference• 1921: Britain, France, Italy, U.S. and Japan agree to limit size of

navies for ten years

The Kellogg-Briand Pact• Agreement between many nations to outlaw war

The London Naval Conference• 1930: Japan and Italy drop out of Washington agreement; Britain,

France, and U.S. continue

AFRICAN AMERICAN DEMANDS

Expectations of equality not met after the war

Summer of 1919: race riots affect many industrial cities• NAACP calls for African-Americans to retaliate against

violence

Marcus Garvey’s United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

• Develop “African Awareness” and reject assimilation into white society

• Principle of African superiority and “Black Nationalism”• 1923: Indicted of fraud, deported to Jamaica

THE RED SCAREViolence breeds fear of instability and radicalism

• Fear of communism after Russian Revolution and creation of Comintern• Comintern=Communist International to export communism around

globe

Spring of 1919 bombings target businessmen and politicians • Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s home targeted

Antiradicalism & the Palmer Raids• Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover call series of raids on “radicals”

Sacco & Vanzetti Trial

RETURNING TO NORMALCY

Heavy-handed government actions cause powerful backlash• Attorney General Palmer fired, Democratic Party damaged• American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)• Supreme Court vigorously defends freedom of unpopular speech

Women’s Suffrage and the end of Progressive Reforms• Maternity & Infancy Act of 1921 and Cable Citizenship Act of 1922

Election of 1920: Cox vs. Harding• Harding campaigns on vague promise of a return to “normalcy”—

wins

CHAPTER 7, LESSON 4

On page 203, write and answer questions 1-5