the respiratory system medical terminology chapter 7 mr. robert
TRANSCRIPT
The Respiratory SystemMedical Terminology
Chapter 7
Mr. Robert
Nose Nasal cavity Nasal septum Mucous membrane Mucus: warms,
moistens & filters Cilia Olfactory receptors:
receptors for sense of smell
Tonsils Form a protective ring
around the entrance to respiratory tract
Sinuses Air filled cavity in bone, lined with mucous
membrane Resonance to voice Produce mucus Bones lighter
Paranasal sinuses: para- = near nas/o = nose
Pharynx: commonly called the throat Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
Swallowing Respiratory &
digestive system share oropharynx
Soft palate: closes off nasopharynx
Epiglottis: closes of laryngopharynx
Larynx: common name-voice box
Thyroid cartilage: Adam’s apple
Vocal cords: sound is produced by air expelled from the lungs & cords vibrate
Trachea (windpipe) Held open by C-
shaped cartilage rings
Bronchial Tree Two bronchi Bronchioles: smallest
branches
Alveoli Air sacs Site of gas exchange
Lungs Lobe: division of
the lungs Right lung: 3 lobes Left lung: 2 lobes
Mediastinum Located between
lungs Contains:
Heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, thymus
Pleura Multilayered
membrane that surrounds each lung
Parietal pleura: lines thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura: lines lungs
Pleural space: contains small amount of fluid
Diaphragm Stimulated by
phrenic nerve
Breathing Inhalation Exhalation
External & Internal Respiration
Medical Specialties Otolaryngologist or
otorhinolaryngologist Pulmonologist
Pathology of the Respiratory System
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Describes a group of conditions characterized
by chronic airflow limitations
Asthma Chronic allergic
disorder Episodes of severe
breathing difficulty Coughing Wheezing
Inflammation of lining of airway, production of thick mucus, tightening of muscle around the airways
Bronchiectasis Bronchi/o = bronchi -ectasis = enlargement
Chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles from an earlier lung infection
Emphysema Progressive loss of
lung function due to decrease in alveoli & enlargement of alveoli
Chest may assume barrel shape in effort to expand the lungs
Smoker’s respiratory syndrome (SRS) Cough, wheezing,
hoarseness, pharyngitis, difficult breathing, susceptibility to respiratory infections
Allergic rhinitis rhin/o = nose -itis = inflammation
Allergic reaction to airborne allergens that cause an increased flow of mucus
Croup In infants & children
Obstruction of larynx Hoarseness Barking cough
Diphtheria Caused by diphtheria bacteria Acute infection of throat & upper respiratory
tract
Epistaxis Nose bleed
Influenza (flu) Acute viral respiratory infection spread by
respiratory droplets More common in colder months
Pertussis (whooping cough) Contagious bacterial infection of upper
respiratory tract characterized by paroxysmal cough
Rhinorrhea rhin/o = nose -rrhea = abnormal flow
Excess flow of mucus from the nose
Pharyng/o = pharynx Laryng/o = larynx Pharyngitis? Pharyngorrhagia? Pharyngorrhea? Laryngoplegia? Laryngospasm? Laryngitis?
Voice disorders Aphonia
a- = without phon/o = voice
Loss of ability to produce normal sounds
Dysphonia dys- = difficult,
bad phon/o = voice,
sound Hoarseness,
weakness or loss of voice
Trache/o = tracheaBronch/o = bronchus Tracheitis? Tracheorrhagia? Bronchitis? Bronchorrhagia? Bronchorrhea?
Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura in the thoracic
cavity
Pleuralgia pleur/o = pleura -algia = pain
Pain in the pleura or side
Pneumothorax pneum/o = air or lung -thorax = chest
Accumulation of air in pleural space
Pleural effusion Accumulation of fluid
in pleural space that prevents lungs from fully expanding
Empyema (pyothorax) Accumulation of pus in pleural cavity
Hemothorax hem/o = blood -thorax = chest
Accumulation of blood in pleural cavity
Hemoptysis hem/o = blood -ptysis = spitting
Spitting of blood or blood tinged sputum from the lungs
Pulmonary edema Accumulation of fluid in lungs
Pneumorrhagia pneum/o = lungs -rrhagia = bleeding
Bleeding from the lungs
Atelectasis Collapsed lung; lung fails to expand
Tuberculosis Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, usually involving lungs
MDR-TB: multiple drug resistant tuberculosis
Pneumonia Inflammation of lungs in which the lungs fill
with pus & other liquids Bacterial pneumonia: can be prevented with
vaccination Viral pneumonia Lobar pneumonia: one or more lobes involved Bronchopneumonia: begins in bronchioles Double pneumonia: both lungs Aspiration pneumonia: foreign substance inhaled
into lungs
Mycoplasma pneumonia Also called walking pneumonia Milder, longer lasting form, caused by
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Opportunistic pneumonia, often of AIDS
patients
Pneumoconiosis Abnormal condition caused by dust in the
lungs after years of exposure Anthracosis: black lung disease (coal dust) Asbestosis (asbestos particles) Byssinosis: brown lung disease (cotton, hemp
dust) Silicosis: grinder’s disease (silica dust or glass)
Pulmonary fibrosis Formation of scar tissue that replaces alveolar
walls
Cystic fibrosis Genetic disorder in which the lungs are
clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
Breathing disorders -pnea: breathing Eupnea Tachypnea Bradypnea Apnea Dyspnea Hyperpnea Hypopnea
Cheyne-Stokes respirations Alternating patterns of hyperpnea, hypopnea
and apnea
Anoxia an- = without ox/o = oxygen
Absence of oxygen from inspired gases
Asphyxiation Suffocation Interruption of breathing
Cyanosis cyan/o = blue -osis = condition
Bluish discoloration of the skin from lack of oxygen
Hypoxia hypo = deficient ox/o = oxygen
Subnormal oxygen levels in cells
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Crib death Usually between ages of 2 weeks & 1 year
Procedures of the Respiratory System
Respiratory rate (RR) One respiration equals one inhalation & one
exhalation Normal range: 15 to 20 breaths per minute
Phlegm Thick mucus secreted
by the tissues of the respiratory passages
Sputum: phlegm that is ejected through the mouth
Spirometry Testing method that
uses a spirometer to record volume of air inhaled or exhaled
Tuberculin skin testing Mantoux method or PPD: small amount of
harmless tuberculin protein injected in arm
You should be able to figure out: Bronchoscopy Laryngoscopy Septoplasty Sinusotomy Pharyngoplasty Pharynogostomy Laryngectomy Laryngoplasty
Tracheoplasty Tracheorrhaphy Tracheotomy Tracheostomy Pneumonectomy Lobectomy Pleurectomy Thoracotomy Thoracostomy
Thoracentesis Puncture of the chest with a needle to obtain
fluid form the pleural cavity
Bronchoconstrictor Agent that narrows openings of the air
passages
Bronchodilator: an agent that expands the opening of the air passages