the reproductive system. the basics reproduction is the only life function that is not necessary for...
TRANSCRIPT
The The Reproductive Reproductive
SystemSystem
The BasicsThe Basics
Reproduction is the only life function Reproduction is the only life function that is NOT necessary for the individual that is NOT necessary for the individual to survive BUT it is necessary for the to survive BUT it is necessary for the survival of the SPECIESsurvival of the SPECIES
Types:Types: Asexual – one parent, offspring are identical Asexual – one parent, offspring are identical
to one anotherto one another Examples: bacteria, hydra, plantsExamples: bacteria, hydra, plants
Sexual – two parents, offspring are different Sexual – two parents, offspring are different from one anotherfrom one another
Examples: humans, pandas, turtles, plantsExamples: humans, pandas, turtles, plants
Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
The Testes and ScrotumThe Testes and Scrotum Testes – male gonadTestes – male gonad
Produce sperm Produce sperm Produce testosterone (male hormone)Produce testosterone (male hormone)
Scrotum – pouch outside of body Scrotum – pouch outside of body that holds the testesthat holds the testes Keeps testes cooler, necessary for Keeps testes cooler, necessary for
proper sperm developmentproper sperm development Epididymis – structure on top of Epididymis – structure on top of
each testis, contains 6m of tubingeach testis, contains 6m of tubing Stores sperm until they are mature Stores sperm until they are mature
(20 days)(20 days)
SpermSperm
Male gameteMale gamete Produced by meiosis in Produced by meiosis in
testestestes PartsParts
Head – contains nucleus and Head – contains nucleus and chemical that allows it to chemical that allows it to pierce the egg pierce the egg
Midpiece – mitochondriaMidpiece – mitochondria Tail – flagellum (mobility)Tail – flagellum (mobility)
Seminal fluid and SemenSeminal fluid and Semen Seminal fluid is produced by Seminal fluid is produced by
the prostate gland, the prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and bulbourethral gland, and Seminal vesicleSeminal vesicle Provides the sperm with nutrients, Provides the sperm with nutrients,
protection and chemicals needed protection and chemicals needed to help ensure fertilizationto help ensure fertilization
Sperm + seminal fluid = semenSperm + seminal fluid = semen Males ejaculate 2-5 mL semenMales ejaculate 2-5 mL semen Each mL contains 50 to 130 million Each mL contains 50 to 130 million
spermsperm
Transport of sperm out of the Transport of sperm out of the bodybody
Sperm leave the Sperm leave the epididymis, and travel epididymis, and travel through the two vas through the two vas deferens to where they join deferens to where they join the urethrathe urethra Vasectomy – cutting of both Vasectomy – cutting of both
vas deferensvas deferens Sperm are expelled from Sperm are expelled from
the body through the the body through the urethra during ejaculationurethra during ejaculation
TestosteroneTestosterone
Male sex hormoneMale sex hormone Produced by testesProduced by testes Responsible for sperm production Responsible for sperm production
and development of secondary sex and development of secondary sex characteristics characteristics Traits that appear during pubertyTraits that appear during puberty Facial/body hair, deepening of the Facial/body hair, deepening of the
voice, increased muscle massvoice, increased muscle mass
Female Reproductive Female Reproductive SystemSystem
The Ovary and OviductThe Ovary and Oviduct
Ovary – female gonadOvary – female gonad Produces eggProduces egg Produces estrogen and Produces estrogen and
progesterone (female sex progesterone (female sex hormones)hormones)
Oviduct – tube leading Oviduct – tube leading from ovary to uterusfrom ovary to uterus Where Where FERTILIZATIONFERTILIZATION
occursoccurs
The Egg cellThe Egg cell
Female gameteFemale gamete Surrounded by a Surrounded by a
follicle which follicle which provides it with provides it with protection and protection and nourishmentnourishment
Uterus, Cervix and VaginaUterus, Cervix and Vagina
UterusUterus Muscular pear-shaped Muscular pear-shaped
organorgan Where Where IMPLANTATIONIMPLANTATION and and DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT occurs occurs
Cervix – opening from Cervix – opening from vagina to uterusvagina to uterus
Vagina – birth canalVagina – birth canal
The Menstrual CycleThe Menstrual Cycle Monthly series of events that prepares Monthly series of events that prepares
the female body to go through the female body to go through fertilization and then care for the fertilization and then care for the developing fetusdeveloping fetus
Lasts about 28 days (range 23-35 days)Lasts about 28 days (range 23-35 days) Involves release of egg (ovulation) and Involves release of egg (ovulation) and
thickening of the uterine lining thickening of the uterine lining Usually only occurs when there is NO Usually only occurs when there is NO
fertilized egg present in the female fertilized egg present in the female bodybody
Menstrual CycleMenstrual Cycle Days 1-5 – MENSTRUATIONDays 1-5 – MENSTRUATION
Uterine lining and unfertilized egg Uterine lining and unfertilized egg are shed from the bodyare shed from the body
Day 6-14 – Follicular PhaseDay 6-14 – Follicular Phase Egg maturesEgg matures uterine lining thickens (with blood uterine lining thickens (with blood
vessels)vessels) Day 14 – OvulationDay 14 – Ovulation
Egg is released from ovaryEgg is released from ovary Day 15-28 – Luteal phaseDay 15-28 – Luteal phase
Follicle becomes Corpus luteum Follicle becomes Corpus luteum Uterus continues to thickenUterus continues to thicken Body prepared to accept fertilized Body prepared to accept fertilized
eggegg
Estrogen and Estrogen and ProgesteroneProgesterone
Female sex hormonesFemale sex hormones Produced by ovaryProduced by ovary Controls production and release of Controls production and release of
egg AND helps prepare uterus to egg AND helps prepare uterus to accept fertilized egg during accept fertilized egg during implantationimplantation
Controls development of secondary Controls development of secondary sex characteristicssex characteristics
Breast development, widening of hip, Breast development, widening of hip, increase in amount of fat tissueincrease in amount of fat tissue