Paulina Gonez

Cristina Santiago

Jessie Vargas

A group of organs that work together to make, store, and release urine.

Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, & urethra

Kidneys: produce urine to get rid of the waste

inside the body and excreting it, they also regulate water amounts within the body.

Produce renin & erythropoietin Ureter, blood vessels, & nerves enter

through hilum.

Parts of Kidney: Renal capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis Kidney → nephron → glomerulus &

associated tubule Nephron is the smallest branch in the kidney

that aids in removing wastes and excess water from blood.

Nephron →Bowman’s capsule →proximal tubule →loop of henle →distal tubule →collecting duct

Ureter: tube that carries urine from the kidneys

to the bladder. The uretrer end that is inside the kidney

has a funnel-shaped expansion, the renal pelvis, that receives all the urine produced & carries it to the bladder.

Bladder: stores and releases urine There are several blood vessels in the

bladder: vesical arteries, the obturator, uterine, gluteal arteries, and even renal veins.

The sphincter muscle controls when urine excretes

Urethra: the tube attached to the bladder, that

carries the urine out of the body.

III. How We Create Urine

STEPS: Blood is pumped into the

kidneys all vital fluids are reabsorbed

into the bloodstream Toxins are secreted into the

urinary tract secreted out of the body as

urine when mixed with water

Renal artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Interlobar artery Afferent Arteriole Glomerular capillary Efferent arteriole Vasa racta and peritubular

capillary Interlobular vein Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Renal vein

This is the pathway of blood through the blood vessels of the kidney and nephron

Structures Involved

Within the urinary system a few key structures are involved glandular kidneysuretersbladderurethra

Transportation of Urine

Urine travels along the urinary tract, to the urinary bladder

While leaving the bladder, urine passes through the urethra

- Together the bladder and the urethra eliminate urine, which is a process known as urination or micturition.

Transportation of Urine cont…

- During micturition, the muscles within the urinary bladder contract and urine is forced out of the body through the urethra

- Important fluids are absorbed from the filtrate during this process

Filtration

Occurs in the kidneys Glomerular filtration

Bowman’s capsule○ separates the blood into a cleaned blood product and a filtrate

filtrate travels along the nephron concentrated into urine

Absorption• Useful solutes are removed from the filtrate and they are returned to the blood

Secretion• Water is removed from the urine and is returned to the blood

Filtration cont…

The glomerular filtration rate is proportional to the filtration pressure

Each kidney contains around 64 square ft of filtration surface, resulting in a filtration rate of an incredible 125ml per minute

Regulation Regulation of urine volume

Control of Na excretion○ Na+ excreted = filtered Na+ – Na reabsorbed○ Filtration rate controlled by arterial pressure○ Decrease in Na+ =increase of renin = Na+

reabsorptionRegulation of water

○ Hypothalamus osmoreceptors regulate osmotic concentration

Regulation of K+○ Increase of Na+ decreases K+○ Increased K+ stimulates aldosterone

Urine Urine: Fluid waste

excreted by kidneys Consist of:

Ions Organic materialWaterUrea

Function: get rid of toxins Color, odor, and

consistency

Urine

Renal Clearance: Measurement used to analyze the activity of the kidney

Concentration of substance in plasma Rate of urine formation Concentration of substance in urine Plasma cleared of substance per minute

Micrition

Micrition: Basic process of urination Consist of :

KidneysBladderUrethraAutonomic and somatic nervous systems

Mictrition Process:

Urethral sphincter remains tenseVoluntary signal sent to brainBladder muscles contractBladder emptied through urethra

Works Cited

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3 http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000136&ptid=17 http://www.innerbody.com/image_card08/card65-new.html http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-bowmans-capsule.htm Freudenrich, Craig, Dr. "HowStuffWorks "Inside a Kidney"" HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, n.d.

Web. 05 May 2014. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/kidney-urinary/kidney1.htm>.

Helmenstein, Anne M., Dr. "What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?" About.com. About.com, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?>.

"Human Physiology/The Urinary System." - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World. N.p., 26 Nov. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.

"Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume - Boundless Open Textbook." Boundless. Boundless, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-urinary-system/urine/regulation-of-urine-concentration-and-volume/>.

"Regulation of Urine Concentration." Cliffnotes. Cliffnotes, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/anatomy-and-physiology/the-urinary-system/regulation-of-urine-concentration>.

"Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 17 May 1991. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.

"Urine and Urination: MedlinePlus." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 05 May 2014. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/urineandurination.html>.

Watson, Stephanie. "The Truth About Urine." WebMD. WebMD Feature, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014.