Download - The Renal System
Paulina Gonez
Cristina Santiago
Jessie Vargas
A group of organs that work together to make, store, and release urine.
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, & urethra
Kidneys: produce urine to get rid of the waste
inside the body and excreting it, they also regulate water amounts within the body.
Produce renin & erythropoietin Ureter, blood vessels, & nerves enter
through hilum.
Parts of Kidney: Renal capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis Kidney → nephron → glomerulus &
associated tubule Nephron is the smallest branch in the kidney
that aids in removing wastes and excess water from blood.
Nephron →Bowman’s capsule →proximal tubule →loop of henle →distal tubule →collecting duct
Ureter: tube that carries urine from the kidneys
to the bladder. The uretrer end that is inside the kidney
has a funnel-shaped expansion, the renal pelvis, that receives all the urine produced & carries it to the bladder.
Bladder: stores and releases urine There are several blood vessels in the
bladder: vesical arteries, the obturator, uterine, gluteal arteries, and even renal veins.
The sphincter muscle controls when urine excretes
Urethra: the tube attached to the bladder, that
carries the urine out of the body.
III. How We Create Urine
STEPS: Blood is pumped into the
kidneys all vital fluids are reabsorbed
into the bloodstream Toxins are secreted into the
urinary tract secreted out of the body as
urine when mixed with water
Renal artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Interlobar artery Afferent Arteriole Glomerular capillary Efferent arteriole Vasa racta and peritubular
capillary Interlobular vein Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Renal vein
This is the pathway of blood through the blood vessels of the kidney and nephron
Structures Involved
Within the urinary system a few key structures are involved glandular kidneysuretersbladderurethra
Transportation of Urine
Urine travels along the urinary tract, to the urinary bladder
While leaving the bladder, urine passes through the urethra
- Together the bladder and the urethra eliminate urine, which is a process known as urination or micturition.
Transportation of Urine cont…
- During micturition, the muscles within the urinary bladder contract and urine is forced out of the body through the urethra
- Important fluids are absorbed from the filtrate during this process
Filtration
Occurs in the kidneys Glomerular filtration
Bowman’s capsule○ separates the blood into a cleaned blood product and a filtrate
filtrate travels along the nephron concentrated into urine
Absorption• Useful solutes are removed from the filtrate and they are returned to the blood
Secretion• Water is removed from the urine and is returned to the blood
Filtration cont…
The glomerular filtration rate is proportional to the filtration pressure
Each kidney contains around 64 square ft of filtration surface, resulting in a filtration rate of an incredible 125ml per minute
Regulation Regulation of urine volume
Control of Na excretion○ Na+ excreted = filtered Na+ – Na reabsorbed○ Filtration rate controlled by arterial pressure○ Decrease in Na+ =increase of renin = Na+
reabsorptionRegulation of water
○ Hypothalamus osmoreceptors regulate osmotic concentration
Regulation of K+○ Increase of Na+ decreases K+○ Increased K+ stimulates aldosterone
Urine Urine: Fluid waste
excreted by kidneys Consist of:
Ions Organic materialWaterUrea
Function: get rid of toxins Color, odor, and
consistency
Urine
Renal Clearance: Measurement used to analyze the activity of the kidney
Concentration of substance in plasma Rate of urine formation Concentration of substance in urine Plasma cleared of substance per minute
Micrition
Micrition: Basic process of urination Consist of :
KidneysBladderUrethraAutonomic and somatic nervous systems
Mictrition Process:
Urethral sphincter remains tenseVoluntary signal sent to brainBladder muscles contractBladder emptied through urethra
Works Cited
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3 http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000136&ptid=17 http://www.innerbody.com/image_card08/card65-new.html http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-bowmans-capsule.htm Freudenrich, Craig, Dr. "HowStuffWorks "Inside a Kidney"" HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, n.d.
Web. 05 May 2014. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/kidney-urinary/kidney1.htm>.
Helmenstein, Anne M., Dr. "What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?" About.com. About.com, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?>.
"Human Physiology/The Urinary System." - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World. N.p., 26 Nov. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
"Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume - Boundless Open Textbook." Boundless. Boundless, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-urinary-system/urine/regulation-of-urine-concentration-and-volume/>.
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