the renaissance chapter 13. the renaissance in italy section 1
TRANSCRIPT
The RenaissanceChapter 13
The Renaissance in Italy
Section 1
Francesco Petrarch
Italy
Florence, Italy
Florence
Lorenzo Medici
Perspective
da Vinci
Michelangelo
Pieta
Sistine Chapel
Raphael
Baldassare Castiglione
Niccolo Machiavelli
The Renaissance in the North
Section 2
The Printing Revolution
• Johann Gutenberg printed the first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with movable type.
• Before the printing press, only a few thousand books existed
• By 1500, 15 to 20 million books existed.
The Printing Revolution
• Printed books were cheaper
• More people learned to read
• Access to knowledge• New ideas and new
places.
Northern Renaissance Artists• Flanders—A region that included parts of
present-day France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
Flemish Painters
• Jan van Eyck was an most important Flemish painter– Portrayed townspeople
• Patrick Bruegel or “Peasant Bruegel”– Painted scenses of
peasant life
• Peter Paul Rubens– Portrayed themes in the bible and classical
history.
Durer: “Leonardo of the North”
• Albrecht Durer was affected by the Renaissance of Italy.
• In 1494 he traveled to Italy to study the Italian masters.
• Applied painting techniques to engraving—artists etches a design on a metal plate with acid and used the plate to make prints
Northern Humanists and Writers• Desiderius Erasmus wrote
texts on a number of subjects and used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a new Greek edition of the Bible.
• Translated the bible into the vernacular– Helped spread the
Renaissance to a wider public.
Sir Thomas More’s ideal Society
• English humanist, Sir Thomas More, pressed for social reform
• In Utopia, More describes an idea society in which men and women live in peace and harmony.
Rebelais’s Comic Masterpiece• French humanist Francois Rabelais wrote
Gargantua and Pantagruel which chronicles the adventures of two gentle giants
• A comic tail of travel and war.
Shakespeare Writes for All Time
• Between 1590 and 1613, the English poet and playwright Shakespeare wrote 37 plays
• His work explored the Renaissance ideals
• Characters speak in language that common people can understand and appreciate.
The Protestant ReformationSection 3
95 Thesis
Pope Leo X
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
John Calvin
Geneva, Switzerland
Reformation Ideas SpreadSection 4
An Explosion of Protestant Sects
• As the reformation grew, so did Protestant sects.
• Some sects had radical ideas– Rejecting infant baptisms
• Anabaptists sought radical social change– Abolish private property
• Most Anabaptists were peaceful-Called for separation of church and state
The English Reformation
• King Henry VIII broke English ties with the Catholic Church
• Henry wanted a divorce from his wife Catherine of Argon but Catholic law does not permit divorces.
• Pope refused to annul the marriage.
Breaking with the Church
• Henry decided to take over the Catholic Church in England
• He appointed Thomas Cranmer archbishop of the new church and he annulled the King’s marriage.
• Henry married Anne Boleyn which gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth.
Breaking with the church
• In 1534 Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, making Henry “the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England”.
Strengthening the church of England
• Henry closed Catholic monasteries and convents.
• Took their land and give it to nobles and other high ranking citizens so secure their support for the new Anglican Church.
• Although under a different name, Henry kept most catholic forms of worship.
Religious Turmoil
• When Henry died his 9-year-old son Edward VI took the throne.
• He took steps to make England a true Protestant country.
Religious Turmoil
• When Edward dies his half-sister Mary Tudor became queen and was determined to return England to the Catholic faith
The Elizabethan Settlement
• When Mary died the throne passed to 25-year-old Elizabeth who compromised between Protestant and Catholic practices.– The church preserved
much catholic ritural but became a firm Protestant nation
The Catholic Reformation
• During the 1530’s and 1540’s, the pope Paul III set out to revive the moral authority of the Church and roll back the Protestant tide.
Council of Trent
• Pope called on the Council of Trent in 1545 which reaffirmed the traditional Catholic views that Protestants had challenged
• The Council also took steps to end church abuses– Penalties for corruption among the clergy.
Founding the Jesuites
• In 1540 the pope recognized a new religious order, the society of Jesus, or Jesuits founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
• Spiritual and moral discipline, rigerous religious training, and absolute obedience to the Church
• The Jesuits embarked on a crusade to defend and spread the Catholic fiath worldwide.
Legacy of the Catholic Reformation• By 1600, the majority if Europeans
remained catholic.
• Church abuses were reduced as charity flourished
Widespread Persecution
• Both Catholic and Protestants fostered intolerance and persecuted radical sects like Anabaptists, people they thought were witches.
• Between 1450 and 1750, tens of thousands of women and men died as victims of which hunts
Witch Hunts Persecution• Women were usually accused of being
witches.
• Witches practiced magic with the aid of the devil, thus witches were seen as anti-Christian.
Persecuting Jews
• In Italy, Jews were pressured to convert to Christianity.
• In 1516, Venice ordered Jews to live in a separate quarter of the city called the ghetto.
• When the Reformation began and Jews refused to convert, Luther called them to be expelled and for their synagogues to be burned.
The Scientific Revolution
Section 5
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo
Scientific Method
Robert Boyle
Isaac Newton