The Reformation and Counter Reformation

Anglican Calvinism Lutheranism Anabaptists

Who started the religion?Henry VIII

Why? He needed a male heir and he

wanted a divorce.

What were the important ideas ? King the head of the Church, Services lessceremonial, all churchproperty confiscated,clergy could marry.

Who started the religion?Who started the religion?

Why? Why?

What were the important ideas ? What were the important ideas ?

Why were the Anabaptists considered

so radical?

What religions come from the Anabaptists?

What were the important ideas ?

Anglican Calvinism Lutheranism Anabaptists

Presbyterians Jesuits Huguenots Judaism

Who started the religion?

Why?

What were the important ideas ?

Who started the religion?Who started the religion?

Who started the religion?

Why? Why?

Why?

What were the important ideas ? What were the important ideas ?

What were the important ideas ?

Why were the Anabaptists considered

so radical?

What religions come from the Anabaptists?

What were the important ideas ?

Who founded the Jesuits?

Why?

What were the important ideas ?

Who were the Huguenots?

Why were they a problem for France?

How did they benefit France?

Why were the Jews persecuted in Europe?

Where were many forced to live?

How did they benefit the countries in which they lived??

Protestant Reformation Catholic Counter-Reformation

Describe the events of the Reformation in the following countries

England -

What were the important ideas ?

France -

Germany

Spain

The Netherlands

Describe the events of the Counter - Reformation in the following countries

England -

What were the important ideas ?

France -

Spain

The Netherlands

Germany

The Reformation-Counter - Reformation• The Catholic Church seemed

to be overly concerned with money. Popes competed with Italian and German princes for political power.

• Pope Leo X needed money for St. Peter’s Basilica.

• Johann Tetzel sold indulgences or pardons from sins for money.

Martin Luther

Martin Luther’s Protest• Martin Luther in 1517

believed that only inner faith in God mattered.

• Luther posted his 95 theses on the church door in Wittenberg

• The only authority was the bible, the church tried to get him to recant.

• Luther was summoned to the Diet of Worms.

Martin Luther’s Protest• Luther argued that salvation

could come through faith alone, not good works.

• Luther declared that the bible was the sole source of religious truth.

• He denied that priests and clergy had special powers.

• Luther translated the bible into German and rejected 5 out of 7 sacraments.

The Spread of Protestantism• Luther’s ideas were embraced

in northern Germany ad Sweden.

• The Germans wanted less control from Rome and wanted money to stay in Germany.

• The peasants of Germany joined with Luther, but when they rebelled in violence were brutally crushed in 1524.

The Spread of Protestantism• Charles V tried to force the

German princes back into the Catholic church. (1525-1555)

• Charles V needed the support of German Princes and signed the Peace of Augsburg 1555.

• Charles V needed the help of German princes to fight off the threat of Suleiman and the Ottoman Empire.

Calvin and Calvinism• Huldrych Zwingli a soldier during the

German religious wars, was greatly influenced by Erasmus.

• Calvin continued Zwingli’s doctrine after he died in battle. Calvin wrote, “ Institutes of the Christian Religion”

• Calvin believed in predestination - chosen by God beforehand. Calvinism spread to the Netherlands, Scotland and France.

• A theocracy in Geneva - government ruled by clergy.

Protestant Sects• Followers of Calvin’s doctrine were the

Dutch Reform Church in the Netherlands and the Huguenots of France.

• John Knox in Scotland formed the Presbyterian church.

• The Anabaptists disagreed with baptism at birth and wanted a violent change in government.

• The Amish, Quakers, Mennonites, and Baptists can all trace their roots to the Anabaptists.

The English Reformation• John Wycliffe had already

sown the seeds of reform in England. Henry VIII is responsible for the final break with the Catholic Church.

• The Catholic church will not allow him to annul annul his marriage. Charles V was in Italy.

• Henry VIII - becomes the head of Anglican church.

Mary I and Elizabeth I (Tudor)• Mary I ( Bloody Mary becomes

Queen after Henry’s death. She is Catholic.

• She tried to force England to become Catholic by burning over 300 protestants.

• Elizabeth I gains the throne in 1558. England becomes Protestant under Elizabeth I . The Anglican church had many of ideas of the R.C. church

The Counter Reformation• The Counter Reformation

clarified Catholic Doctrine and attempted to clean up corruption in the church.

• Pope Paul III brought the Inquisition from Spain to Rome.

• The Index of Prohibited Books.

• The Council of Trent - forbid indulgences.

Soldiers of the Counter -Reformation• Ignatius Loyola and the

formation of the Jesuits.

• The Jesuits spread Catholicism throughout the world - Africa, Japan, and China.

• The Jesuits stressed education and non-violence

• It unfortunately was a violent time

Results of the Reformation

Popular Culture in Europe in the 1500’s• The World was a spiritual

world, evil spirits.

• The village priest was often illiterate, but a source of comfort.

• Witches were suspected and considered bad luck.

• Recreation was limited.

• Printing almanacs, broadsides spread knowledge.

Daily Life Changed in Europe• The standard of living

changed in Europe, more people and fewer resources led to inflation.

• The diet because of the discovery of the New World changed.

• Housing was harsh as more people moved to the cities

• Traditional culture declined

The Scientific Revolution Swept Europe• Experimentation through

observation started the Scientific Revolution.

• Verifying results is known as the scientific method.

• Astronomy, Physics and Anatomy - Copernicus disproved the geocentric theory. Proposed the heliocentric theory, sun centered.

Physics, Astronomy and Anatomy cont.• Kepler and Galileo proved

Copernicus’ theory of a heliocentric solar system.

• Vesalius and William Harvey - experimentation and observation to improve medicine.

• Descartes, Bacon, Pascal were great thinkers of the time. Isaac Newton - Principals of Mathematics .

Other Great Inventors and ScientistsDescartes argued that everything had to be proven.

Sir Isaac Newton and Leibnizdeveloped calculus.Anton Leeuwenhoek discovered the existence of bacteria.

Robert Hooke - the theory of cells. Lavoisier and Boyle -Oxygen.