The Professional Psychologist's Handbook

The Professional Psychologist's Handbook

Edited by

Bruce Dennis Sales University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona

Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Main entry under title:

The Professional psychologist's handbook.

Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Psychology—United States—Practice. 2. Psychology—Standards—United States.

3. Psychologists—Legal status, laws, etc.—United States. I. Sales, Bruce Dennis. [DNLM: 1. Psychology—United States—Handbooks. BF 38 P964] BF75.P72 1983 150 / .23 / 73 83-4038 ISBN 978-1-4899-1027-1

ISBN 978-1-4899-1027-1 ISBN 978-1-4899-1025-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-1025-7

© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1983

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,

recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

To my colleagues and students, who asked the seemingly endless questions

that provided the impetus for this book

Contributors

PATRICK H. DeLEON, J.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., is Executive Assistant to U.S. Senator Daniel K. Inouye. A Diplomate in Clinical Psychology (Amer­ican Board of Professional Psychology), he is former Chairman of the American Psychological Association's Board of Professional Affairs and current Chairman of its ad hoc Committee on Legal Issues. He is on the clinical faculty of the University of Hawaii's School of Public Health and Department of Psychology. He is also Legislative Committee Chairman for Division 12 (Clinical) and Division 38 (Health Psychol­ogy), and Consultant to the Division 12,29,31, and 39 newsletters, as well as Professional Psychology and the American Psychologist.

HERBERT DORKEN, Ph.D., is former adjunct Professor and Research Psy­chologist at the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, San Francisco. He is presently Health Services Consultant for the California State Psychological Association (CSPA), where he is closely involved in its health care legislation, insurance, and related practice issues. Previously, he represented the Division of Clinical Psy­chology on the American Psychological Association's Council of Rep­resentatives and was reelected for another term to represent the CSP A. A former member of the AP A Committee on Health Insurance, which is now the Committee on Professional Practice, he was reappointed to a second term. He was also elected to the Board of Trustees of the Asso­ciation for the Advancement of Psychology (AAP) and is a member of its Special Projects Advisory Committee. In 1980, he was elected to the AAP's Executive Operations Committee. In 1979, he received from the APA the first Distinguished Professional Contributions Award for Applied Psychology as a Professional Practice. Dr. Dorken is the sole editor and senior author of The Professional Psychologist Today: New Developments in Law, Health Insurance and Health Practice.

R. KIRKLAND GABLE, J.D., Ed.D., currently Associate Professor of Psy­chology at California Lutheran College, was previously Assistant Pro­fessor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Med-

vii

viii CONTRIBUTORS

ical School. He has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, an assistant edi­tor of the International Journal of Psychiatry and Criminology, and a staff member of the Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He is cur­rently a member of the Editorial and Advisory Board of the journal Law and Human Behavior. He has served as Chair of the National Institute of Mental Health's Crime and Delinquency Review Committee and the American Psychological Association's Committee on Scientific and Professional Ethics and Conduct. Currently, he is a member of the AP A Task Force on Psychologists' Use of Physical Interventions.

ROBERT M. GUION, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology at Bowling Green State University, where he teaches and does research in the field of industrial psychology. He has had various roles in the American Psy­chological Association including being a member of the APA Accre­ditation Committee, current Chair of the Board of Scientific Affairs, and former President of the Division of Industrial and Organizational Psy­chology. He authored the book Personnel Testing; with Mary Tenopyr, he wrote Principles For the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Tech­niques, an official document of the Division. Professor Guion is identi­fied as the principal author of Standards For Educational and Psychological Tests. He was a member of an advisory committee to the Office of Fed­eral Contract Compliance. This committee prepared the forerunner of the current uniform guidelines for personnel selection procedures.

DURAND F. JACOBS, Ph.D., Chief of Psychological Services at Jerry L. Pet­tis Memorial Veterans Hospital, Loma Linda, California, holds aca­demic appointments as Professor of Psychiatry at Lorna Linda Univer­sity Medical School, Clinical Professor of Psychology, Fuller Professional Graduate School of Psychology, and Visiting Research Psychologist, University of California at Riverside. He is a Diplomate in Clinical Psychology of the American Board of Professional Psychol­ogy, and has been licensed for practice in Ohio and California. Within the American Psychological Association, he has served as a member of the Council of Representatives, President of Division 22 (Rehabilitation Psychology) and Division 18 (Psychologists in Public Service), and has been associated with the development of each of the APA's major pol­icy statements affecting professional practice, including the Standards for Providers of Psychological Services and the Speciality Guidelines for the delivery of psychological services. During 1979-80, he was a member of a task force that defined the characteristics and criteria for recogniz­ing emerging specialities in professional psychology. Dr. Jacobs has also cochaired the AP A task force that formulated the profession's first "model criteria sets" for use in peer review activities conducted by gov­ernmental and private third party payers. During 1976-77 he was a

CONTRIBUTORS ix

member of the Conference on Training and Credentialing in Psychol­ogy; the recommendations of that group led to major revisions in the criteria for accrediting doctoral training programs in professional psy­chology. More recently, he served on the task force established to rec­ommend means for implementing the AP A's policy statement regard­ing practice. Dr. Jacobs was awarded the Citation for Outstanding Service from the President's Committee on the Handicapped, and was selected as the 1979 Mary E. Switzer Fellow by the National Rehabili­tation Association. He currently is a member of the Board of Directors of the California State Psychological Association, chairs the Standards and Quality Assurance Committee of the Association, and is codirect­ing a major federal study aimed at enhancing accountability in reha­bilitation programs.

RICHARD R. KILBURG, Ph.D., is presently Administrative Officer for Professional Affairs with the Americal Psychological Association. His responsibilities include overall supervision of the Quality Assurance Program, Professional Practice Program, and State Association Pro­gram. He has held positions as the director of a rural community men­tal health center and as Assistant Professor at the University of Pitts­burgh School of Medicine. He also has worked with a wide variety of community organizations and taught at Carnegie-Mellon University. He is currently coauthoring a book on the managing of one's profes­sional career.

MICHAEL KINDRED, J.D., is Professor of Law and former Associate Dean at Ohio State University College of Law, where he teaches courses in Mental Disability and the Law, Criminal Law, and Interprofessional Practice. He is the principal editor and a contributing author of The Mentally Retarded Citizen and the Law. This work stands as a landmark in the exploration of the relationship between law and mental retar­dation. Professor Kindred also has been very active in the movement to assure the legal rights of disabled citizens including serving at the local level as President of the Board of Directors of the Association for the Developmentally Disabled, a nonprofit agency in Ohio operating fifteen group homes, in addition to providing respite, day care, and counseling services. He is also Cochairman of the American Bar Asso­ciation's subsection on Mental Retardation/Handicapped and the Law and Chairman of the Legal Advocacy Committee of United Cerebral Palsy Associations.

GERALD P. KOOCHER, Ph.D., Unit Chief for Inpatient Psychological Ser­vices at Boston's Children's Hospital Medical Center and Assistant Pro­fessor of Psychology at Harvard Medical School, is a Clinical Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as

x CONTRIBUTORS

Vice-Chair and member of the American Psychological Association's Committee on Scientific and Professional Ethics and Conduct, and is current President of the Massachusetts Psychological Association. He has written widely on client rights, therapeutic practices, and ethical problems in psychological service delivery.

RONALD B. KURZ, Ph.D., is Chairman of the Department of Pediatric Psy­chology and Director of Psychology Services and Training at the Chil­dren's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., and Pro­fessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Child Health and Development at George Washington University. Formerly employed by the American Psychological Association as the staff person in charge of accreditation and professional training, he continues to be heavily involved in accreditation and training review activities, serving as an accreditation site visitor, adviSOry consultant to training programs, and member of the Psychology Education Review Committee of the National Institute of Mental Health. He is currently directory editor for the Association of Psychology Internship Centers and serves on its executive committee.

STEPHEN J. MORSE, J.D., Ph.D., is Orrin B. Evans Professor of Law at the University of Southern California Law Center and Professor of Psy­chiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Southern Califor­nia School of Medicine. Dr. Morse has been President of the American Psychology-Law Society and a member of the American Psychological Association's Task Force on Legal Action. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Psychology and an active consultant in forensic psychological matters. Dr. Morse is currently completing two books on mental health law, Cases and Materials on Mental Health Law (West Publishing Co.) and The Jurisprudence of Craziness (Oxford Uni­versity Press).

MICHAEL S. P ALLAK, Ph.D., is currently Executive Officer of the Ameri­can Psychological Association. Prior to this appointment in September 1979, he served as Deputy Executive Officer of the APA. In his capacity as Executive Officer he serves as editor of the American Psychologist (the official archival journal of the American Psychological Association). He is psychology'S liaison to the National Advisory Mental Health Council and frequently interacts with the Veterans Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Science Foundation, and other professional associations concerned with science and training policy­in which psychology has a vital role. He also routinely meets with members of Congress and their staff regarding funding in the social and behavioral sciences. Prior to coming to AP A he was Associate Pro­fessor of Psychology at the University of Iowa. His research and writ­ing have focused on energy conservation and attitude change.

CONTRIBUTORS xi

BRUCE DENNIS SALES, J.D., Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology and Head of the Law-Psychology Program at the University of Arizona. Previ­ously, he was Professor of Psychology and Law at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln where he founded and directed the first integrated J.D.-Ph.D. and postdoctoral training program in psychology and law. He has served as President and a member of the Board of Directors of the American Psychology-Law Society; Chair and member of the American Psychological Association's Committee on State Legislation, Committee on Tests and Assessment, and ad hoc Committee on Patient Advocacy; member of the APA's Task Force on Legal Action, and Board of Professional Affairs. He currently serves on the APA's ad hoc Com­mittee on Legal Issues and chairs their Subcommittee on Specialty Cri­teria; and the American Bar Association's Commission on the Mentally Disabled and the Committee on Law and Behavioral Sciences (as chair). Dr. Sales is editor of the book series Perspectives in Law and Pschology, and the journal Law and Human Behavior; coeditor of the book series Law, Society and Policy; Chair of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Mental Disability Law Reporter; and a member of the editorial boards of several journals including Professional Psychology. He is author or editor of nine books relating to the psychology-law interface, and profes­sional psychology, and coeditor of a special issue of Professional Psy­chology on 'Law and Professional Psychology.'

GOTTLIEB C. SIMON, Ph.D., is currently the director of a neighborhood citizen participation organization in Washington, D.C. He has served as a consultant to Ralph Nader's Center for the Study of Responsive Law, and as Associate Administrative Officer for Professional Affairs at the American Psychological Association. He helped to establish the APA's ad hoc Committee on Promoting Public Interest Activities which he chaired from 1974 to 1978. Active in the treatment rights movement, he served for several years as the AP A's representative to the Mental Health Law Project in several right-to-treatment cases, including the landmark Wyatt v. Stickney, and was a member of the APA Task Force on Patient Advocacy in Mental Institutions. Former Chair of the Dis­trict of Columbia State Mental Health Advisory Council, he is now a member of the D.C. Statewide Health Coordinating Council. Previ­ously on the faculty of New York University, he has taught at George Washington University, and the University of the District of Columbia.

C. PAUL SPARKS is former President of the Division of Industrial-Orga­nizational Psychology of the American Psychological AssQciation. As President, he selected the editors and an advisory panel for a revision of the Division's Principles for the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Procedures. He is currently a member of the APA's Committee on Tests and Assessment and the Board of Professional Affairs' Task Force on Competency Assessment in Professional Psychology. He was a member

xii CONTRIBUTORS

of an advisory committee to the Secretary of Labor during preparation of the Office of Federal Compliance 1971 Order on selection and test­ing. Since 1964 he has supervised research and application in a wide variety of behavioral science areas as Coordinator of Personnel Research for Exxon Company, in Houston, Texas. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Psychology in the Graduate Studies Division of the Uni­versity of Houston. Prior to that he was President of the consulting firm of Richardson, Bellows, Henry, & Co., Inc.

TOMMY T. STIGALL, Ph.D., is Manager of Psychology and Training for the State Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Louisiana Depart­ment of Health and Human Resources, Baton Rouge, and formerly was Chief Psychologist at the Baton Rouge Mental Health Center. He also maintains an active private clinical practice in Baton Rouge. He served as a member of the American Psychological Association's Committee on State Legislation from 1974 to 1979, and was Chairman of that com­mittee during 1977. He was an invited participant at two national con­ferences on Education and Credentialing in Psychology held in 1976 and 1977. In 1977 he joined the Steering Committee for the proposed National Commission on Education and Credentialing in Psychology. Active in professional affairs at both the state and national level, Dr. Stigall is a former member and Chair of the Louisiana State Board of Examiners of Psychologists and former president of the American Association of State Psychology Boards. He is past President of the Lou­isiana Psychological Association and, for a number of years, has been Chair of its Legislation and Social Issues Committee. He currently serves as a member of the AP A Board of Professional Affairs. In 1979 he was the recipient of the Division 31 Award in Recognition of Out­standing Contributions to State Psychological Affairs.

GEORGE STRICKER, Ph.D., Professor and Assistant Dean of the Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies at Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, is a Diplomate in Clinical Psychology (American Board of Professional Psychology). He is currently Chair of the National Advi­sory Panel for the American Psychological Association/CHAMPUS project, and has served as a member of the APA's Task Group on Model Criteria Sets and as Chair of the Committee on Professional Standards Review. He has been President of the New York State Psychological Association, Chair of its Ethics Committee, and a member of its Profes­sional Standards Review Committee. He is currently on the New York State Board for Psychology.

ALFRED M. WELLNER, Ph.D., is Executive Officer for the Council for the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology, and a Diplomate in Clinical Psychology (American Board of Professional Psy­chology). Previously, he was in full-time private practice and consult-

CONTRIBUTORS xiii

ing work. Dr. Wellner is a former Chair and member of the American Psychological Association's Committee on Accreditation, a member of the AP A Commission on Accreditation, served on the task force responsible for drafting the current Accreditation Criteria, and the first Chair of the AP A Task Force on Standards for Providers of Psycholog­ical Service. A member of the interorganizational Steering Committee on Education and Credentialing in Psychology, Wellner helped plan two national conferences (1976 and 1977) and edited the committee's reports and publications. He also served as President of the Maryland Psychological Association, a member of the Maryland State Board of Examiners of Psychology, and served on the APA Council of Represen­tatives. He is immediate past President of the District of Columbia Psy­chological Association.

CARL N. ZIMET, Ph.D., is Professor of Clinical Psychology and Head of the Division of Clinical Psychology at the University of Colorado Health Services Center in Denver. He has served on the Board of Trustees of the American Board of Professional Psychology, a role which led him to help develop the concept of a National Register of Health Service Providers, and has been Chair of the National Register since its incep­tion in 1974. He also has served as Executive Officer for the National Conference on the Professional Preparation of Clinical Psychologists sponsored by the American Psychological Association in 1965, was a member of the Steering Committee on Education and Credentialing in Psychology, and former President of the AP A Division of Psychother­apy, and the Society for Personality Assessment. He is currently a member of the National Institute of Mental Health's Psychology Edu­cation Committee, and serves on the AP A Council of Representatives. In 1974, he received the Distinguished Service Award from the Colo­rado Psychological Association.

Acknowledgments

The editor is grateful to the American Psychological Association for grant­ing permission to reprint in the Appendixes the following copyrighted material:

From "Standards for Providers of Psychological Services." Copyright 1975 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.

From "Specialty Guidelines for the Delivery of Services" by the Com­mittee on Professional Standards, American Psychologist, 1981, 36(6), 639-681. Copyright 1981 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.

From "Ethical Principles of Psychologists," American Psychologist, 1981, 36(6),633-638. Copyright 1981 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.

From "Standards for Educational & Psychological Tests" prepared by a joint committee of the American Psychological Association, the American Educational Research Association, and the National Council on Measure­ment in Education, Frederick B. Davis, Chair. Copyright © 1974 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.

xv

Contents

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Context of Professional Psychology 3 Bruce Dennis Sales

II. STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

2. The Development and Application of Standards of Practice for Professional Psychologists 19 Durand F. Jacobs

3. Ethical and Professional Standards in Psychology 77 Gerald P. Koocher

4. Standards for Psychological Measurement 111 Robert M. Guion

5. Specialty Standards for Industrial-Organizational Psychologists 141 C. Paul Sparks

III. PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

6. A Professional's Guide to the American Psychological Association 157 Richard R. Kilburg and Michael S. Pallak

7. The National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology 185 Alfred M. Wellner and Carl N. Zirnet

IV. OTHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTS

8. Accreditation of Professional Training Programs in Psychology 203 Ronald B. Kurz and Alfred M. Wellner

9. Peer Review Systems in Psychology 223 George Stricker

xvii

xviii

V. LAWS AFFECTING PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

10. Health Insurance and Third-Party Reimbursement 249 Herbert Diirken

11. Licensing and Certification 285 Tommy T. Stigall

CONTENTS

12. Mental Health Law: Governmental Regulation of Disordered Persons and the Role of the Professional Psychologist 339 Stephen J. Morse

13. Developmental Disabilities Law and the Roles of Psychologists 423 Michael Kindred

14. Malpractice Liability of Psychologists 457 R. Kirkland Gable

VI. MANAGERIAL AND BUSINESS SKILLS

15. The Psychologist as a Manager 495 Richard R. Kilburg

VII. VALUES AND INTERESTS AFFECTING PROFESSIONAL DECISION-MAKING

16. Psychology, Professional Practice, and the Public Interest 541 Gottlieb C. Simon

VIII. POLITICAL AND REGULATORY PROCESSES

17. The Changing and Creating of Legislation: The Political Process 601 Patrick H. DeLeon

IX. APPENDIXES

A. Standards for Providers of Psychological Services 623 B. Specialty Guidelines for the Delivery of Services 639 C. Ethical PrinCiples of Psychologists 683 D. Standards for Educational & Psychological Tests 689

Index 767