the power of valuing students’ ethnic identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 ›...

40
“I’m Latino and I’m Proud”: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research Associate, Institute for Latino Educational Achievement Rebecca Hernandez, PhD Associate Dean, Intercultural Development & Partnership CCCU Changing Faces Conference | Warner Pacific College | Portland, OR | 4.6.13

Upload: others

Post on 08-Jun-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

“I’mLatinoandI’mProud”:ThePowerofValuingStudents’EthnicIdentity

Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research Associate, Institute for Latino Educational Achievement

Rebecca Hernandez, PhDAssociate Dean, Intercultural Development & Partnership

CCCU Changing Faces Conference | Warner Pacific College  |  Portland, OR  |  4.6.13

Page 2: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Welcome!Sessionoutline• Context

• Ethnically‐Rooted Leadership Model

• When were you first aware of your own ethnic identity?

• Ethnic identity conceptual frameworks 

• Research findings

• Shared knowledge and wisdom on affirming ethnic identity

Page 3: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Visionstatement

Goshen College will be recognized as an influential leader in liberal arts 

education focusing on international, intercultural, interdisciplinary, and integrative teaching and learning that 

offers every student a life‐orienting story embedded in Christ centered core values: global citizenship, 

compassionate peacemaking, servant leadership and passionate learning.

Page 4: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

ElkhartCounty&Goshen,U.S.Census2000‐2010ELKHART COUNTY                    197,5592000‐2010 increase:                14,7662000‐2010 percent increase  8.1%

GOSHEN  31,7192000‐2010 increase:                    2,336

White                                           21,140Minorities                                   10,579Hispanics                                      8,903

% Minorities                                33.3%% Hispanics                                 28.0%

Page 5: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

CITLgoalsoftheGrant• To make a Goshen College education accessible to Latino students

• To create an intercultural learning community for all Goshen College students that equips them with the communication, understanding and collaboration skills needed in the 21st century

• To investigate the dynamics behind the changing ethnic composition of a rural Midwest community and its implications for higher education, studying the nature and/or process of intercultural teaching and learning

Page 6: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Institutional Mission  & Identity

Grant Funding Lilly Endowment, Inc.

Demographic Shifts

Growing Latino population

The Center for 

Intercultural Teaching 

and Learning

2006

Page 7: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research
Page 8: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Whendidyoufirstawakentoyourownethnicidentity?

Page 9: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

MiGenteInSearchoftheHispanicSoul

‐Rafael FalcónWhen I look in the mirror…

Page 10: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

WhenIlookinthemirror….I look in the mirror and see the God 

that changed me from a hostile past. I see my mother who shaped who I am today. I see a father that reminds me of my tapatian culture as well as his favorite spicy sauce. I see a religious boundary that “separates” my family 

from the Mexican tradition. But overall, I see a young woman who is 

called to love who she is, love who she sees, and love who she will be.               

Page 11: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Urgency• Beyond recruitment and retention (Santiago, 2010)

• Inclusive learning environments that help students of color succeed (Tierney, 1999)

• Urgency for CCCU institutions: graduation rates lag for students of color (Reyes & Case, 2011)

Student SuccessRetainRecruit

Students of color

Institutions must develop “ways in which an individual’s identity 

is affirmed, honored, and incorporated into the organization’s culture” 

(Tierney, 2000, p. 219). 

Page 12: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Ethnicidentityexplorationforstudentsuccess• Ethnic identity exploration can help students understand their decisions to adapt to the majority culture and/or to hold on to their cultures of origin (Torres, 2003).  

• As students gain confidence in ethnic identity, they are better equipped to achieve their educational goals (Phinney, 1992). 

Page 13: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Conceptualframeworksforexploringethnicidentity

Page 14: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

MultiethnicModel|Phinney (1992)3 stages:  • Unexamined Ethnic Identity

• ethnicity has not been probed and there is acceptance of the dominant culture

• Ethnic Identity Search• an event forces ethnic examination

• Ethnic Identity Achievement• individuals are confident of their sense of ethnicity  “A positive ethnic identity provides a sense of belonging that can act as a buffer against perceived discrimination and negative stereotypes.” (Syed, Azmitia & Phinney, 2007, p. 157)

Page 15: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

BiculturalOrientationModelTorres(1999)

LATINO/HISPANIC

more comfortable in Latino culture

BI‐CULTURAL

comfortable in both Latino and Anglo 

cultures

MARGINAL

not comfortable in either culture

ANGLO

more comfortable in the majority culture

HIGH ETHNIC IDENTITY

LOW ETHNIC IDENTITY

LOW ACCULTURATION

HIGH ACCULTURATION

Measures for acculturation and ethnic identity intersect to form 4 quadrants 

Page 16: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Ethnicidentityquestions

Who am I?

Where am I from?

How do I think and feel about my ethnic group? 

Page 17: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

QualitativeMethods• 30 Latino Students• Interviews  + additional focus group for seniors  (2010‐2011)  

1s t ‐ 7 | 2nd ‐ 8          3rd ‐ 9  | 4th ‐ 6

26 First‐generation college student

24, Mexico, country of family origin

20 women           10 men

Page 18: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Guidingquestions• What progress do Latino/a 

students make in their identity exploration in the college years?

• What contribution does participation in a cohort program make to the ethnic identity development of Latino/a students? 

Page 19: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

FINDINGSEthnic Identity Exploration

Page 20: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

First‐YearStudentsAwakening

…I think I kind of took being bi‐cultural for granted before coming to college. And then I realize that there’s way more than just talking Spanish and surrounding myself with Hispanic family…. So, I feel like I’ve been way more conscious of ethnic identity since I’ve been at college.     

‐‐Roberto

Page 21: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

First‐YearStudentsPride

…back then [when I started college] like oh, “I’m Latino, just Latino.”  But now I don’t feel like I’m just Latino.  Since I’ve talked to everybody I feel like I’m Latino, yeah, but feel like I can be open to everybody else, I can fit in with whoever I’m with.  But still, I’m Latino and I’m proud.   

‐‐Jorge

Page 22: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

First‐YearStudentsAffirmation

I feel like I have been more close to my heritage or culture more than I was back at the beginning of the year.  Being in CITL has helped me realize that it’s okay to be different, racially, from other people and like embrace it and to also help people in your community who are like that too. 

‐‐Isabel

Page 23: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

SophomoresValuing the ethnicity of others

At first you kinda look just in your Latino group, but this year I’ve been trying to get out more, getting to know more people, not keeping yourself in your own bubble.  There might be times where you’re not so comfortable, but you’re also learning.  You’re doing other things which would benefit you.  So I’ve been trying to do more of that.   ‐‐Marta

Page 24: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

SophomoresGiving back

…I feel like it will be easier for me to tell other Latinos and just encourage them… “You can go to college.…It’s not easy, but it’s not impossible…. It’s hard, but it’s not impossible.”  

‐‐Rosa

Page 25: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

JuniorsAcceptance

I’ve been more willing to accept [ethnic identity] and be more proud of my background. I’ve always been proud of my background, but at the same time it’s not like I’ve ever been very expressive about it….I think that CITL has helped in the sense that we have activities where we talk about where we’re from and the things that have shaped us into who we are and how our Latino‐ness has kind of created the person that we have become.  ‐‐Beatriz

Page 26: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

JuniorsFrom knowledge to engagement

…We’ve definitely had discussions about the stigma that is placed on Hispanics, Latinos….I’ve had Caucasian doctors come up to me and say, “You speak Spanish, right?” without asking…if I spoke Spanish. They assumed it.  So talking about those things and then experiencing them you’re like wow, this happens every day to a lot of Latinos…or maybe you think about how you would deal with that.    ‐‐Patricia

Page 27: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

SeniorsContribution of the CITL program

CITL has always talked about us being leaders, especially as Latinos how we have to raise our standards high….They always were like, “You’re Latino, you’re at an advantage of being bi‐cultural, of being bilingual, of bringing all those different experiences that other people might not have.”  That’s something they kept telling us on and on, and I think I believe it. That there are all those different backgrounds, different experiences, different skills that we have, that we bring. We can make a difference and be good leaders.     ‐‐Alberto

Page 28: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

SeniorsBi‐cultural leadership

I feel like I could do a good job with bi‐cultural leadership since I’m Latino.  Going back and forth to different cultures per se with Latinos and white Americans, it’s easy for me to bounce back and forthwithout having to change much of my style.  So I’d be able to relate to both sides. 

‐‐Sergio

Page 29: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

KEYGLEANINGSFROMTHESTUDYAffirming ethnic identity

Page 30: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

IntentionalethnicidentityexplorationthroughcohortImportance and success of cohortA safe place to:• learn terminology• read ethnic literature• be exposed to research on Latinos in higher education 

• diffuse and decode some of the incongruence experienced between their own interdependent culture and the independent cultural norms of the colleges (Stevens, et al., 2012; Rodgers & Summers, 2008). 

Page 31: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

EthnicIdentityStrength• A springboard for Latino students to make meaningful connections in other spheres beyond their ethnic group 

• Valuing the ethnicity of others

Page 32: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Empowerment• Students practice what they have learned through the CITL program in everyday life

• Ability to deal productively with cultural barriers and things that may challenge their ethnicity

Page 33: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Ethnically‐RootedLeaders• An advantage of being bi‐cultural, of being bilingual, of bringing all those different experiences together. 

• Goals of the program are met! 

Page 34: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Valuing&affirmingethnicidentity

• Campus initiatives that affirmstudents’ ethnic identity 

• Practices or structures that may inhibit ethnic identity exploration

“…ways in which an individual’s identity is affirmed, honored, and incorporated” into your institution

Page 35: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Implicationsforpractice• Get ready!  Utilize research and best practices

• Context matters –alignment of mission with program and outreach• Mission ‐ ethos• Goshen Core

Page 36: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Laborintensive,butrewarding!• Ethnic identity, a life‐long, and at times, a messyprocess.

• With or without programs, Latino/a students will experience a journey of ethnic identity exploration.  • Will that journey be positive or negative?

• Will students stay and succeed in college?  

Page 37: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

•Discussion

Page 38: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

Kimberly F. Case, [email protected] 

Research Associate, Institute for Latino Educational Achievement

Rebecca Hernandez, [email protected]

Associate Dean, Intercultural Development & Partnership

www.goshen.edu/citl/

Page 39: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research
Page 40: The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity › wp-content › uploads › sites › 35 › ...The Power of Valuing Students’ Ethnic Identity Kimberly F. Case, PhD Research

BiculturalOrientationModelTorres(1999)Measures for acculturation and ethnic identity intersect to form the four‐quadrant BOM. 

• Bicultural• comfortable in both Latino and Anglo cultures

• Latino/Hispanic• more comfortable in Latino culture

• Anglo Orientation• more comfortable in the majority culture

• Marginal Orientation• not comfortable in either culture, and likely to experience individual conflict