THE POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

BYJohn , Richard , And Emma

Chip And Pin

• Chip and pin can be defined as system for verifying that the bearer of a debit card or credit card is the owner, involving cards that contain a silicon chip storing the PIN of the card; the bearer confirms he is the owner of the card by inserting it into a machine and entering the PIN, which is compared with the one stored on the chip.

• Retrieved from http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chip_and_PIN

How it works• To solve this, banks and retailers are replacing

traditional magnetic stripe equipment with smartcard technology, where credit/debit cards contain an embedded microchip and are authenticated automatically using a PIN. When a customer wishes to pay for goods using this system, the card is placed into a "PIN pad" terminal (often by the customer themselves) or a modified swipe-card reader, which accesses the chip on the card. Once the card has been verified as authentic, the customer enters a 4-digit PIN, which is checked against the PIN stored on the card; if the two match, the transaction completes.

THE FIGURE 1 SHOWS THE MACHINE AND A CARD THAT IS IN WORKS

Figure 1

Investigate cases when chip and pin technology has been

used for theft• According to a this is London article (

http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23532227-now-gangs-are-using-chip-and-pin-technology-to-steal-customers-bank-details.do)

• Various Criminals have come up with a new fraud targeting the chip and PIN cards used by shop and petrol station customers across the country.

• They are stealing card-reading machines, taking them apart and installing devices which record card numbers and Pins, before returning them to the store.

• In some cases, detectives fear the installed devices are so hi-tech that they can transmit customers' card details to a mobile phone.

• Cards are then cloned and used abroad in countries including the United States, Italy and Australia where cash machines do not have to read the unique microchip embedded in British cards.

• Police have issued a warning about the fraud after arresting two men at a card-faking in Birmingham

• Card fraud abroad has increased by 77 per cent – and cost £207.6million – in the past year. Specialist officers from the Dedicated Cheque and Plastic Crime Unit said the Birmingham factory had stolen card machines from 30 shops, supermarkets and petrol stations across the country.

• The gang had been operating for weeks and thousands of cards had been read.

Benefits And Risks

BENEFITS RISKSSaferChip cards are more secure than traditional magnetic stripe cards – it is exceptionally difficult to copy the information stored on it. The PIN uniquely identifies the owner of the card and prevents a lost or stolen card being used by someone else.FasterChip and PIN results in faster transaction times and shorter queues, because it will remove the need to sign and verify the receipt. Information stored on a chip card means that some transactions can be authorised safely off-line, using the security parameters on the chip.Use anywhereVisa’s chip cards are based on global industry standards called EMV (EUROPAY MASTER CARD VISA) so customers can shop with confidence when they travel.FlexibilityChip technology opens a world of payment options, including: multiple payment, and potentially non-payment applications, on a single chip card; and more self-service card acceptance terminals and portable acceptance device.

Clone Cardsclone cards are one major risks of chip and pin because most machines cannot one in five chances that a terminal in a shop or garage will not spot a 'cloned' card. And this lets criminals go on a shopping spree which makes them spend even more.IrresponsibleVulnerable people like elderly people or even people with bad memories who are forced to use chip-and-PIN are likely to write down the number or tell it to someone else. And this could lead to fraud because most of the people they tell may use it without even letting them know. Card TheftThis is another major factor because most people put in video cameras at cash point so they can view the pins that customers use , or even in shopping malls watch them while they put in there pin codes then , try and rob them cards off them., and use it for buying things.

Richard Pacey

Unsuccessful Innovation

Unsuccessful Innovation

• Case Study• In 1992 the failures of the London Ambulance Service

Computer-Aided dispatch system lead to unnecessary deaths.

• Investigate this case study and the factors led to the system failing. Produce your own report as to why technology systems fail, with appropriate examples, outlining;

• The technology • Reasons for failure• The effects of the failure• Lessons learned

The Technology

• The London Ambulance service computer Aided Dispatch System is intended to replace a manual system and to improve Communication, location and dispatch of vehicles to improve the timeliness of medical treatment to patients. It also provided auditing and analysis systems to monitor and improve the system over time.

The Failure• Failure to detect duplicated calls, prioritise messages

and prevent them from scrolling off the screens, errors in allocating software resources, lockups and slow response times.

• The modifications made to fix the problems mainly related to management and operation and not the needed software changes.

• On the first two days of going Live some response times were less than adequate and manual intervention to correct problems was difficult.

• The gradual effects included the systems having less information about the location and status of the vehicles, inefficient and duplicated allocation of vehicles to calls, and an increase of backlog of messages awaiting action. Another result of increase of calls being made more than once as vehicles failed to arrive in timely fashion.

The Effects Of Failure

• A few direct results of this shutdown included an ambulance arriving after a patient had died and had already been taken away by the undertaker.

• Estimates of the total number of fatalities caused differ from 10 upwards, even through coronial findings included the ambulance arriving late as the direct cause.

Lessons Learned• Working with the Highway Patrol to ensure practices

are in place to enter key information needed within the correct fields on the CAD system.

• Provide mechanism to translate data from the CAD system to values recognised, for example the incident type, revise the list of acceptable values for incident types and meanings, values would be updated whenever such changes occurred.

• Implement methods to identify and recover dropped messages in case of event driven messages - A system that uses event-driven messaging should include methods for identifying and recovering from dropped messages.

•

Emma Christian

Podcast

Podcasting!

The podcast is a relatively new form of digital audio or

web file that only really began to take hold in 2004. Although it was the 1998-2001 dot.com era that the technology was started of in. A podcast is a series of digital media files (these files can be either

audio or video) that can be released episode by episode

and downloaded through web syndication.

User Guide for Podcasts• A podcast is fairly simple to use, we shall for example, look through the

BBC website process of viewing a podcast. • You can start on Google and type in ‘BBC Podcast’ immediately the first

link that will come up is the BBC Podcast Directory! When you click on this link you are taken to a page that has a list of the editors picks, the most recently launched.

• This is then followed by a search section where you can look through the podcasts by Station or Genre.

• Underneath that, if you do not put in a search then it shows the last 30 shows that have been downloaded (The different tablets show the name, a picture, average duration and last downloaded information of the podcasts).

• After you have found and selected your chosen podcast you are then brought onto a new page that shows you lots more information on the program such as links to the most recent episodes, Subscription service from various podcast sites (such as ITunes, MY yahoo and ZENcast)

• It also shows a small description, the update time and the average duration. Since we are looking for the most recent episode we scroll down until we reach recent episodes where we then find a specific download buttons for each program where it tells you to click to download and how large the program is. This one is 6MB.

• After we click on download it opens a Media player (for example Windows Media Player). The program will then load up immediately and you can start watching at your leisure. Through the use of a podcast sites you can also download to there and watch it later (even if you are offline!).

Equipment needed to access services

• As with all technology there are certain pieces of equipment that you need to have, the most obvious is a Media player to play the podcast on. (For example Windows Media player, Adobe or Apple)

• It is also advised for most podcasts you need a broadband connection (or the speed of the download with dramatically decrease or stop, for example dial-up may even refuse to play)

• To subscribe to a podcast you also will need a piece of software that searches the web for content (latest episode) and then automatically downloads it to your computer. This is normally free, and the top used ones for the BBC podcast are ITunes, Juice and Doppler.

• Also depending on the website you may also need java, but if you do it will tell you (if you haven’t got it).

Benefits to organisations• There are a lot of benefits for the Organization, the main one

is that it makes the users (watchers) happy with the channel that they are watching.

• It also makes it more likely that they will see something they like and then watch it on a TV.

• Also the people who download and watch podcasts count as viewers to programs, so this means they get much easier access to customer data and trends in program watching.

• This means that they can strategically promote the less seen shows while giving more slots to the more popular ones.

• Organisations can also gain money by selling certain services to enhance the users experience or sell movies that can also be viewed by podcast for a small amount of money (for example a new movie for less money that a DVD or Cinema ticket would go down well, as people wouldn’t have to go anywhere or wait to perform a transaction and they cannot lose it (another benefit it that the person can watch it at any place without taking anything with you).

Benefits for the Users• Unlike the benefits for the Organization, the benefits for the Users are massive.

For example there is the fact that podcasting is ‘Asynchronous’ this means that unlike a radio or television (where you have to watch or listen at a certain time to see the show) you can actually listen at anytime, so whenever is convenient for you! (Which basically means you will never miss a show, if you don’t want too).

• Listening to the news is a great example of this kind of tech as the device can actually collect a feed for you (that has the most recent news items). It also can create a fresh new option for viewers, especially those that are fed up with commercials and branding products.

• Podcasts provide a Varity of entertainment and information shows. Also, as most people are, a little lazy, to say the least they are happy to realise that there is no more need to check their favourite sites to see if they have got some new episodes or shows. Podcasting now allows them to automatically find and check the sites and has tools that can automatically download the MP3s and programs.

• You can even attach your MP3 Player and download the most recent programs onto it. It also has the benefit of price as the technology is not only incredibly easy to use, but the devices are quite cheap to buy.

• In fact, businesses even sometimes give there employees a free device! (So they can keep up with all the new business developments without going looking for them). This would help people gain more money through smart, informed business opportunities as well as saving money on such things as a TV licence or a Radio (or an entertainment licence, as they would have to have one to broadcast Radio in their business).

• Time is also saved for schools who can download BBC programs for learning instead of having to manually record them.

The EndThank You for listening

Brendan