THE PLANT KINGDOM

With

out m

e, y

ou’ll

die

!

What is a Plant?Multicellular eukaryotes that are

photosynthetic autotrophsCell walls made of cellulose

Store surplus carbohydrates as starch

Mostly terrestrial

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TaxonomyPlants are divided into two

groupsBased on the presence or

absence of an internal transport system for water

and dissolved materialsCalled Vascular System Vascular Bundles

Vascular SystemXylem tissue carries water and

minerals upward from the rootsPhloem tissue carries sugars made by

photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or usedSap is the fluid carried inside the

xylem or phloem

MossesLiverwortsHornworts

Nonvascular

MAIN TYPES OF PLANTS

Seedless Vascular Plants

Vascular

Seed-bearing Plants

Naked-seeded Seeded

NON-

VASCULAR

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Nonvascular PlantsDo not have vascular

tissue for support or conduction of

materialsCalled Bryophytes

Require a constantly moist environment

Moss Gametophytes & Sporophytes

Sporophyte stage

Gametophyte Stage

Nonvascular PlantsPlants can’t grow as tall

Cells must be in direct contact with moisture

Materials move by diffusion cell-to-cell

Sperm must swim to egg through water droplets

Contains rootlike structure called rhizoids

Nonvascular Plantsmosses (Bryophyta)

liverworts (Hepaticophyta)hornworts (Anthocerotophyta)

Mosses

Liverworts

Hornworts

Alternation of Generations

Occurs in life cycle of all plantsHaplodiplontic One generation is a multicellular haploid condition and the next is a multicellular diploid condition

GametesArchegonia (FEMALE)

•Produce eggs

Antheridia (MALE)•Produce sperm

When water is available, sperm swim to the eggs

MosesLiverwortsHornworts

Nonvascular

MAIN TYPES OF PLANTS

Seedless Vascular Plants

Vascular

Seed-bearing Plants

Naked-seeded Seeded

Features of Vascular PlantsDominate sporophyteSpecialized conducting cellsDistinctive body form–Meristem•Shoots•Roots

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Main Parts of Vascular Plants

Shoots-Found above ground-Have leaves attached- Photosynthetic part

of plantRoots

-Found below ground-Absorb water & minerals-Anchor the plant

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Vascular PlantsAlso called TracheophytesSubdivided into two

groups -- Seedless vascular plants and Seed-bearing vascular plants

Club Moss

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Seedless Vascular Plantsclub moss (Lycophyta)

horsetails (Sphenophyta)whisk ferns (Psilophyta) ferns (Pterophyta)

Club Moss

Seedless Vascular Plants

Whisk ferns

Horsetails

Ferns

BIO is LIFE