Download - THE PLANT KINGDOM
THE PLANT KINGDOM
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What is a Plant?Multicellular eukaryotes that are
photosynthetic autotrophsCell walls made of cellulose
Store surplus carbohydrates as starch
Mostly terrestrial
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TaxonomyPlants are divided into two
groupsBased on the presence or
absence of an internal transport system for water
and dissolved materialsCalled Vascular System Vascular Bundles
Vascular SystemXylem tissue carries water and
minerals upward from the rootsPhloem tissue carries sugars made by
photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or usedSap is the fluid carried inside the
xylem or phloem
MossesLiverwortsHornworts
Nonvascular
MAIN TYPES OF PLANTS
Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular
Seed-bearing Plants
Naked-seeded Seeded
NON-
VASCULAR
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Nonvascular PlantsDo not have vascular
tissue for support or conduction of
materialsCalled Bryophytes
Require a constantly moist environment
Moss Gametophytes & Sporophytes
Sporophyte stage
Gametophyte Stage
Nonvascular PlantsPlants can’t grow as tall
Cells must be in direct contact with moisture
Materials move by diffusion cell-to-cell
Sperm must swim to egg through water droplets
Contains rootlike structure called rhizoids
Nonvascular Plantsmosses (Bryophyta)
liverworts (Hepaticophyta)hornworts (Anthocerotophyta)
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Alternation of Generations
Occurs in life cycle of all plantsHaplodiplontic One generation is a multicellular haploid condition and the next is a multicellular diploid condition
GametesArchegonia (FEMALE)
•Produce eggs
Antheridia (MALE)•Produce sperm
When water is available, sperm swim to the eggs
MosesLiverwortsHornworts
Nonvascular
MAIN TYPES OF PLANTS
Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular
Seed-bearing Plants
Naked-seeded Seeded
Features of Vascular PlantsDominate sporophyteSpecialized conducting cellsDistinctive body form–Meristem•Shoots•Roots
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Main Parts of Vascular Plants
Shoots-Found above ground-Have leaves attached- Photosynthetic part
of plantRoots
-Found below ground-Absorb water & minerals-Anchor the plant
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Vascular PlantsAlso called TracheophytesSubdivided into two
groups -- Seedless vascular plants and Seed-bearing vascular plants
Club Moss
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Seedless Vascular Plantsclub moss (Lycophyta)
horsetails (Sphenophyta)whisk ferns (Psilophyta) ferns (Pterophyta)
Club Moss
Seedless Vascular Plants
Whisk ferns
Horsetails
Ferns
BIO is LIFE