The Periodic Table

Honors BiologyMr. Luis A. Velázquez

Dynamic Periodic Table

Element Symbols•All elements have a symbol.

•The symbol will always be a letter or two.

Example: C, Ca

•The symbol will always begin with a capital letter.

• If the symbol has a second letter it will always be lower case.

Atomic Number

A unique number for each element that equals the number of protons in an atom of that element.

Atomic Mass NumberA unique number for each element that equals the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom.

In other words is the sum of the nucleus of the atom. (P+N=mass)

PracticeBismuth What is the atomic mass?

Bi

83 209

What is the atomic number?What is the number of protons?

What is the number of neutrons?

83 83

126

209

ElementsA substance that cannot be broken down in to simpler substance.

There 112 elements in the periodic table.

112 total elements

92 natural elements

20 artificial or synthetic elements man-made elements.

Elements

25 needed for life

4 Are essential elements for life they make 99% of living tissue C, H , O, N

1 Element essential for life

Elements

State of Matter of Elements1. Solid is a substance that has definite shape and definite volume.

2. Liquid is a substance that has no definite shape and has definite volume.

3. Gas is a substance that has no definite shape and no definite volume.

1. Some elements are found in nature as gases.

2. There are 11 elements as a gas state.

3.Gases can be classify as stable or unstable gases.

Unstable gases: (5) gases

Stable gases: (6) gases

H, N, O, F, Cl

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

1. Some elements are found in nature as liquids.

2. There are 2 elements as liquid state.

The two liquids are: Br, Hg

Liquids

Summary

1.Gases (11) H,N,O,Cl,F,He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn

2.Liquids (2) Br, Hg

3.Solids (99) Li, C,Mg,Mn,Co, Au,Ag,Cu,Fe…

There are 112 elements in the periodic table, the are subdivide into:

Energy

1.Gases : have very high energy (KE) (PE)

2.Liquids : have regular energy (KE) (PE)

3.Solids: have very low energy (KE) (PE)

Potential and kinetic energy in elements:

Answer the followingClassify the following elements in Solid Liq or gas

•____He•____C•____Mn•____Al•____Cl•____Br•____H•____Mg•____Ca•____N•____Hg•____Si•____Xe•____K

Place an arrow to indicate the energy.

DUE TODAY…

Understanding the atom•The atomic number is the number of protons

•The atomic mass number is the number of protons and neutrons. The sum of the nucleus of the atom.

C6

12

Atomic number = Protons = 6

Atomic mass = P + N = 12

Understanding the atom

Cl17

35

Atomic number = Protons = 17

Atomic mass = P + N = 35

P=N=

E= 17

17

18

Understanding the atom

Na11

23

Atomic number = Protons = 11

Atomic mass = P + N = 23

P=N=

E= 11

11

12

Understanding the atom

N7

14

Atomic number = Protons = 7

Atomic mass = P + N = 14

P=N=

E= 7

7

7

Understanding the atom

Ca20

40

Atomic number = Protons = 20

Atomic mass = P + N = 40

P=N=

E= 20

20

20

Answer the followingMake a table to show the amount of protons, electrons, and neutrons for each of the following elements .•____Ni

•____Zn•____Cu•____Al•____Au•____P•____H•____Mg•____Ba•____Rb•____Hg•____S•____Xe•____K

50 POINTS

Classifing Elements

•No Metal

•Metalloids

•Metals

8

17

87

At, Po, Te, Sb, As, Ge, Si, B

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

No R

eaction

Transitional Metals

Negative

Negative

Negative

Non- metals•Elements in nature that are found in the gas stage are not metals.•There are 17 non- metals•He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn F, Cl Br, I Se, S, P, O,

N, C, H

•They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

•They are malleable and ductile in their solid state.

•They show metallic luster.

•They are opaque.

•They have high density.

•They are solids (except mercury Hg)

Physical Properties of Metals

•They have one to four valence electrons.

•They are good reducing agents.

Chemical Properties of Metals

A reducing agent is an element that can add electrons to another element.

•They form cations (positive ions)

Example: Li+, Ca+2, Fe+3…

•Poor conductors of heat and electricity.

•Brittle - if a solid.

•Nonductile.

•Do not possess metallic luster.

•Transparent as a thin sheet.

•Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.

Physical Properties of Non-Metals

•Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell. •Gain or share valence electrons easily.

•Form oxides that are acidic.

•Are good oxidizing agents.

•Have higher electronegativities.

Chemical Properties of Non-Metals

•Column 1A has a valence number of 1.

The Valence Number

•Column 2A has a valence number of 2.

•Column 3A has a valence number of 3.

Transition Metals

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

B SERIES

•1A Alkali Metals

•2A Alkaline Earth Metals

•3A Boron Family

•4A Carbon Family

•5A Nitrogen Family

•6A Oxygen Family

•7A Halogens Family

•8A Noble Gases

Families of Elements

•Column 1A ( Except Hydrogen)

Alkali Metal Family

•Li •Na •Rb •Cs •Fr

•They are the most reactive elements in the periodic table.

Naming Compounds•Metals are always positive.

•Metals are always written first.

•Metals are name the same way as the element.

•Non-Metals are always written second.

•Non-Metals are always negative.

•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .

Naming Compounds•Example: CaO

•Metals = Calcium (Ca)

•Metals are name the same way as the element.

•Non-Metals = Oxygen (O).

•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .

•The names of non-metals oxide .

•The names of this compound is:

Calcium Oxide

Naming Compounds•Example: NaCl

•Metals = Sodium (Na)

•Metals are name the same way as the element.

•Non-Metals = Chlorine (Cl).

•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .

•The names of non-metals chloride .

•The names of this compound is:

Sodium Chloride

Naming Compounds•Example: MgF2

•Metals = Magnesium (Mg)

•Metals are name the same way as the element.

•Non-Metals = Fluorine (F).

•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .

•The names of non-metals Fluoride .

•The names of this compound is:

Magnesium Fluoride

Naming Non-metals

•Fluorine = Fluoride•Chlorine = Chloride

•Bromine = Bromide

•Iodine = Iodide•Oxygen = Oxide•Sulfur = Sulfide

•Phosphorous = Phosphide

Naming Compounds ProblemsWrite the correct names for the following compounds .

1. BaCl22. NaF3. Ag2O4. CuBr5. FeO6. MgS7. Al2O3

8. CaI29. BeS10. Hg2I211. CrCI3

12. K2S

60 points