The Path to 1000x IEEE DySPAN 2012

Rajesh Pankaj, Sr. VP, Engineering

Fortune 500 Company

25+ years of driving the evolution of wireless

Making wireless more personal, affordable and accessible to people everywhere

World’s largest fabless semiconductor company, #1 in wireless

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A Technology Enabler for the Entire Mobile Value Chain Qualcomm’s Unique Business Model

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Qualcomm Research Organization

Santa Clara, CA

Bridgewater, NJ

Vienna, Austria

Beijing, China

Seoul, S. Korea

San Diego, CA

Nuremberg, Germany

Bangalore, India

Hyderabad, India Raleigh, NC

Cambridge, UK

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The Biggest Platform in the History of Mankind Approximately 1.6B New 3G Connections to be Added by 2016

3G Connections Now

3G Connections by 2016

Wireless Connections Worldwide Now

Source: Wireless Intelligence (Jul. ’12)

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Mobile Data Traffic Growth

Mobile data traffic projected to grow

from 2010–2011*

Preparing for

Data Traffic Growth

*Global growth, some regions grew more/less

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Evolve 3G/4G/Wi-Fi

HetNets Interference Mgmt/SON

Intelligently Utilize Best Accesses

Higher Efficiency

Rising to Meet the 1000x Mobile Data Challenge

More Spectrum In Low and High Bands

More Small Cells Everywhere!

More Indoor Cell Majority of Usage Indoors

1000x

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Still ways to improve system capacity

We Can Reach The Air Link Limit—Shannon’s Law

Capacity ≈ n W log2(1+ ) Signal Noise

Number of Antennas

More Spectrum E.g. Mitigate

interference

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The Biggest Gain—Re-Use Shannon’s Law Everywhere!

Capacity ≈ n W log2(1+ ) Signal Noise

Number of Antennas

More Spectrum E.g. Mitigate

interference

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Extreme Densification—3G/4G+Wi-Fi Small Cells Everywhere Low cost, small size and ease of deployment

Note: Shows 3G version.

Imagine Small Base Stations Basically Everywhere

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Open Neighborhood Small Cells Indoor Small Cells (Femto) also Providing Outdoor Coverage

High Quality – Licensed Spectrum

Low Cost Deployment

Existing Backhaul

Macro Network

Operator Controlled

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Tests Show Indoor Small Cells Providing Coverage Outside

-55 to -65*

-65 to -75

-75 to -85

-85 to -95

-95 to -105

-105 to -115

Signal Strength [dBm]

Small Cell

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1000x ~ 20% Household

Penetration

Neighborhood Small Cells is One Enabler Towards 1000x

Dense Indoor Deployment

Negligible loss in coverage and capacity at high small cell density

10Mhz for

macros @ 2GHz

Example With Higher Band:

100MHz dedicated to femtos @ 3.6GHz1

Add 10x Spectrum

500x ~ 9% Household

Penetration Median throughput gain versus

Macro only baseline Example for LTE FDD, 2x2 MIMO. Assumptions: 70% indoor users, 200 Active users per macrocell, femtos randomly dropped in households in a mix of 2 to 6 story apartments.1Small cells on dedicated spectrum used in this example, but we envision future neighborhood small cells also sharing the spectrum with macro and other small cells. 20% household penetration equals ~ 144 femtos, and 9% penetration equals ~ 65 femtos.

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At high density gains saturate because each small cell serves only one mobile

Capacity Gains with Neighborhood Small Cells

0x

200x

400x

600x

800x

1000x

1200x

1400x

1600x

1800x

2000x

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

25 UEs/ Macrocell200 UEs/ Macrocell

Note: Simulation configuration: Macro-10MHz@2GHz, Small cell: 100Mhz@3.5GHz

DL

Med

ian

Thro

ughp

ut G

ain

Small Cell Penetration

10 + 100 MHz BW

Downlink Median Throughput Gain Relative to Macro only Baseline

72 SCs 216 SCs 360 SCs

Total capacity increase 1000x for 200 users and 144 small cells (20% penetration)

Use 100MHz of bandwidth, instead of 10MHz

More Spectrum

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More Indoor, Higher Spectrum Bands Dense Small Cell Deployment Makes Higher Bands Attractive1

Indoor Hotspot

Seamless Ubiquitous 3G / 4G

3G / 4G + Wi-Fi

3G / 4G + Wi-Fi

3G/4G in licensed where 3.4GHz-3.8GHz could be a key addition esp. for small cells. Wi-Fi in unlicensed such as 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 60GHz. 1Comparing e.g. 2GHz and 3.6GHz shows negligible loss in coverage/capacity at high density.

~300 MHz

60GHz

~3GHz

Wide Area Spectrum

Indoor/ Hotspot

Very High Bands enable Access in Every Room

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Multiple Efforts are Required to Access More Spectrum

Auctions of Cleared Spectrum

Traditional Approach

Unlicensed Approach Dedicated to Wi-Fi et al

Complementary License Model:

Authorized shared access to underutilized spectrum

Exclusive Use Shared Use

ASA—Shared Exclusive Use

Notes: Spectrum Aggregation Across bands, ASA spectrum (carrier aggregation), as well as unlicensed spectrum. Supplemental Downlink: Aggregate paired with unpaired spectrum.

Spectrum Aggregation

Supplemental Downlink

When spectrum can’t be cleared within a reasonable timeframe, or at all locations

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Authorized Shared Access(ASA) is Optimal for Small Cells

3G/4G Macro Base Station

3G/4G Macro Base Station

Regular Multi-band Device1

Incentive-Based Cooperation Model Satellite Public Safety ….

3G/4G Small Cells

Military Radar

Exclusive Use At given locations, times ensures predictability for long-term investments

Optimal for Small Cells Small cells can be closer to incumbent than macros

Protect Incumbents Binary use—either incumbent or rights holder Protection zone

Incumbent user

1No device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.

LTE Broadcast

21 Source: Qualcomm Research

Multicast/Broadcast Improves Spectrum

Utilization

5 Users Per Site

Sharing Content

7x Throughput Gain

22 Source: Qualcomm Research

Multicast/Broadcast Improves Spectrum

Utilization

2 Users Per Site

Sharing Content

3x Throughput Gain

23 Source: Qualcomm Research

Multicast/Broadcast Improves Spectrum

Utilization

1 User Per Site

Sharing Content

1.7x Throughput Gain

24 Source: Qualcomm Research

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Game Time

eMBMS

Delivery of events and popular eMedia content to unlimited audiences through efficient multicast-enabled LTE networks

Dynamically allocate broadcast bandwidth and coverage as needed Fully integrated option for LTE networks and devices Based on 3GPP Rel 9; applicable to any LTE spectrum bands

eMBMS Enables “Broadcasting” on LTE

LTE

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Cache Casting During Off-Peak Hours

LTE Broadcast Cache Casting

Pre-load content during OFF-PEAK

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Higher Efficiency

There are Multiple Ways to Reach 1000x

Different Mixes of Spectrum, Types of Small Cells, Indoor, Outdoor to Reach 1000x

More Spectrum In Low and High Bands

More Small Cells Everywhere

More Indoor Cell Majority of Usage Indoors

1000x

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