the parts of a wind turbine, construction and integration

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Óbuda University Power System Department The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration Dr. Péter Kádár Óbuda University, Power System Department, Hungary [email protected]

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The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration . Dr. Péter Kádár Óbuda University, Power System Department , Hungary kadar.peter@kvk . uni-obuda.hu. Draft. The elements of a wind turbine The construction of the wind power plant The building procedure - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Dr. Péter KádárÓbuda University, Power System Department, Hungary

[email protected]

Page 2: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Draft

• The elements of a wind turbine• The construction of the wind power plant• The building procedure• Integration of wind energy into bulk power

systems

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Page 3: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Growing unit performance

Today:120-160 m 3,5-5 MW

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Page 4: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Limits: the sky

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 5: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Parts of a wind turbine

5

Low-med. volt. transformer

cable

steel tower

power electronics

gearbox

rotorblades

anemometer

generator

turning generator house

grid

Page 6: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Foundation

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Page 7: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Transportation

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 8: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Transportation

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 9: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Craning

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Page 10: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Nacelle

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Page 11: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Trends

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

11

traditional up-to-date

Tower steel concrete

Height low high

Rpmsemi fixed

speedvariable speed

Cut in 3m/s 2,5m/s

Page 12: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

E-40 – E-82

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 13: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

New control paradigm: wind priority

Traditional control: Load demand -> generation control on the base of the demand

Wind priority: we let generate all the wind plant, and we produce some more by the request

Future: intelligent generation and load harmonisation (Demand Side Management)

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Page 14: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

New control paradigm: wind priority

Traditional:Control by the demand• E.g. steam

generation• Turbine• Generator

Wind:Control by the wind

speed and demand• rotor blades• generator

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Page 15: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Indirect and direct driving

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Page 16: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Connection of the generator to the grid

30 Hz 50 Hz

20 Hz 50 Hz

Appr. RPM900-1000changing

Fixed frequency (RPM)

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Page 17: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Control: pitch, P,Q

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Page 18: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Electrical connection: compact substation

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Page 19: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Connection to 20 kV

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Page 20: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Single line scheme

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Page 21: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

More details…

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Page 22: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Protection, measurements, settling, RTU

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Page 23: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Connection between the tower and the compact substation

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Page 24: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Power, voltage level and topology

• 1 unit: cca. 2 MW (0,8 – 3,5 MW)• 20 kV for transmission 3-8 MW• Wind park: 20-30 units -> 110/120 kV• Special topologies: ring, tree, quadratic, meshed, etc.• Security – geography – economy – ecology

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 25: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind speed changesby Jensen

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 26: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

„Wind shadow” – Wake effect decreasig speed – decreasing energy

(work of Javier Serrano)

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 27: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Micrositing - optimisation(work of Javier Serrano)

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 28: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Quadratic displacement, Burgenland, Austria

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 29: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Line on the hill edge

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 30: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Molina moderna de Aragón

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 31: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind metering tower

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 32: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Atienza, Spain

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 33: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Near Calatayud, Spain

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 34: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Near Calatayud, Spain

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 35: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Near Calatayud, Spain150 towers on this picture!

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 36: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Kefalonia, Greece

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 37: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

MeasurementsCharacteristics, RPM, output power

Szélerőmű karakterisztika - induló szakasz

0

50

100

150

200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

szélsebesség m/s

kW Szélerőmű kiadott teljesítménye

0

50

100

150

200

14:03:50 14:06:43 14:09:36 14:12:29 14:15:22 14:18:14 14:21:07

időkW

A szabályozott rotor fordulatszám

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 50 100 150 200

kiadott teljesítmény kW

n / p

erc

37

Cut in

RPM

Power out

Page 38: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Niederland , Cabo Verde, Burgenland (A), Portugal

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Page 39: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Windpower plants in Hungary, 2006

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Page 40: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

V90

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Page 41: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Characteristics

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Page 42: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Rotor blade

V90 (~44 m) MD 77 (37,5 m)6,5 t!

Glassfiber – epoxiGrafit fiber

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Page 43: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

FL MD77

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Page 44: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

MD 77

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Page 45: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

E 48

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Page 46: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

E 48

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Page 47: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

E82

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Page 48: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Characteristics measurements

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Page 49: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

„Storm control”

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Page 50: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Comparison

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Page 51: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Bükkaranyos

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Page 52: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Erk

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Page 53: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Inota

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Page 54: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Kulcs

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Page 55: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Mezőtúr

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Page 56: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Mosonmagyaróvár -Levél

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Page 57: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Mosonszolnok

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Page 58: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Szápár

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Page 59: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Törökszentmiklós

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Page 60: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

System load <–> wind production

A hazai villamosenergia-rendszer terhelése 2005.12.14.

01000200030004000500060007000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

óra

MW

Szélerőmű kiadott teljesítménye

0

50

100

150

200

14:03:50 14:06:43 14:09:36 14:12:29 14:15:22 14:18:14 14:21:07

idő

kW

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Page 61: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Balancing with CO2

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Page 62: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Feel the measure!

V27 – 225 kW E-40 600 kW E-48 800 kW

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Page 63: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Feel the measure!

MD-77 1,5 MW V-90 1,8 MW E-70 2 MW 63

Page 64: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

How many tower represents 1000 MW?

• V27 225 kW 4444 pcs• E-40 600 kW 1666 pcs• E-48 800 kW 1250 pcs• MD-77 1,5 MW 666 pcs• V-90 1,8 MW 555 pcs• E-70 2 MW 500 pcs

A lot.

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Page 65: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind energy integration

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 66: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Energy production calculation

• If 1000 MW built in capacity operates in 1 year with 20 % usage ratio

• 365 days x 24 hours x 1000 MW x 0,2 % = 1.752.000 [MWh] = 1,752 TWh

• In Hungary it is only 4,47 % of the total consumption

• Not too much

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Page 67: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Power ratio

It is much!Forrás: A magyar villamosenergia-rendszer 2005. évi statisztikai adatai, MVM Zrt., 2006

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Page 68: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

How the wind blows

• BEWAG experiences: gradient 60 MW/h• 3 areas - 3 different wind blows• Local autobalancing in the windpark• Balancing between different areas

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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A kimenő teljesítmény 10 perc múlva történő megváltozásának napi maximuma 330 MW beépített szélerőmű teljesítmény esetén

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

218 200 182 163 145 127 109 91 73 54 36 18 0

MW

Napo

k sz

áma

(éve

nte)

Koncentrált

Szétszórt

http://www.vrbpower.com/

Page 69: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

69

Sudden stop of wind power plants

• Too strong wind (over 25-30 m/s)• Network faults• Frequency problems

Is it really problem to loose 200 MW? – daily eventsThe network flexibility must be raised!

• Diversification• Forecast

Page 70: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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• Fault in Spain

• 2006.11.04.

• Storm in Denmark

Page 71: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

2008. 04.01. operation - BEWAG

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 71

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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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The UTSIRA project

Page 73: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

73

Hydrogen generation

On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz

Szélerőmű

Közlekedési felhasználás

Hidrogén kút

On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz

Szélerőmű

Szállítás

Szállítás

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Page 74: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Központi hidrogén előállító eszköz

Szélerőműpark

Szélerőmű

KÖF eloszt

ó hálóza

t

120 kV-os főelos

ztó hálóza

t Rendszerirányítói

szabályozás

Rendszerirányítói szabályozás

-4-3-2-10123456

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

Szél össztermelés

Rendszerirányítói többlet =Hidrogén átalakító fogyasztása

Hidrogén kút

Közlekedési felhasználás

Central hydrogen generation – system operatior control

Rendszerirányítói szabályozás

-4-3-2-10123456

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

Szél össztermelés

Rendszerirányítói többlet =Hidrogén átalakító fogyasztása

Page 75: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Where to find the control capacities?

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

75Hotel Benczúr 2008.04.02.

Unused controllable capacities

Uncontrolled gas fired capacities

Page 76: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

76

Co-control of gas engines and wind turbines

Page 77: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Wind generation + gas engine generation + balancing

Szélerőmű + gázmotor + tervezett kiegyenlítés

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

óra

kW

Előrejelzett szél termelésTényleges széltermelésTervezett kiegyenlítésGázmotor kiegyenlítésTermelési összeg

Page 78: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

78

Load of the gas engine

A gázmotor terhelése

-20-10

0102030405060708090

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

óra

%

Csoport hiba %Gázmotor eltérés %Gázmotor tervezett % Gázmotor tényleges %

Page 79: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

79

Control Center for Renewable Energy (CORE)

• Iberdrola• Toledo, Spain• Virtual power plant• Connection to the ISO• On-line control of the wind towers • Maitenance control

Page 80: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

What helps the integration?

• Control of the windpark output• Diversification• Local control centers• Intraday power exchange

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

81Szélenergia integrálás - aukciós szempontokGKM konzultáció 2008.04.16.

Page 81: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

American plans…

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

82

source: Ed DeMeo, Renewable Energy Consulting Services, Inc. UWIG techn. Workshop, 24 July, 2007, Anchorage, Alaska

Page 82: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Conclusion

• The wind technology is cleared, this is the high time of the application

• The hot topics are the off shore plants• The integration of the wind energy is the question of

decision• The present network structures was not planned and

implemented for the trade and renewable generation

Have a good work!

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

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Page 83: The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration

Óbuda UniversityPower System Department

Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

Thanks for the attention!

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