the paraphrasing strategy
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The Paraphrasing Strategy. The Learning Strategy Series The University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning Lawrence, Kansas Presented by FIN and FDLRS Bonnie Dupuis Jolene Ahlschwede Jami Yost. What challenges do you see for students and teachers in schools today?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Paraphrasing Strategy
The Learning Strategy Series
The University of KansasCenter for Research on LearningLawrence, Kansas
Presented by FIN and FDLRSBonnie DupuisJolene AhlschwedeJami Yost
What challenges do you see for students
and teachers in schools today?
Low Achieving Students
Demands/Characteristics
AcademicallySociallyMotivationally
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SIM
Learning Strategies
Content Enhancement
Learning Strategies CurriculumStrategies Related to ReadingStrategies Related to Reading
• Word Mapping• Word Identification• Visual Imagery • Self Questioning• Fundamentals of
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
• Paraphrasing• Inference
Strategies Related to Storing and Remembering Information
Strategies Related to Storing and Remembering Information
• First Letter Mnemonic• Paired Associates• LINCs Vocabulary
Learning Strategies Curriculum
Strategies Related to Expressing Information
Strategies Related to Expressing Information
• Fundamentals of Sentence Writing
• Proficiency in Sentence Writing
• Paragraph Writing• Error Monitoring• InSPECT Spelling Errors• Theme Writing
Strategies Related to Demonstrating Competence
Strategies Related to Demonstrating Competence
• Assignment Completion• Test Taking• Essay Test Taking
SIMContent Enhancement Routines
Learning Strategies
• A way of teaching an academically diverse group of
students in which:
– both group and individual needs are valued and met;
– the integrity of the content is maintained;
– critical features of the content are selected and
transformed in a manner that promotes student
learning; and
– instruction is carried out in a partnership with
students.
Exploring Text, Topics, & Details
LINCS Vocabulary RoutineFraming RoutineSurvey Routine
Clarifying RoutineOrder Routine
Teaching ConceptsConcept Mastery Routine
Concept Anchoring RoutineConcept Comparison Routine
Planning and Leading LearningCourse Organizer
Unit OrganizerLesson Organizer
Increasing PerformanceQuality Assignment Routine
Question Exploration Routine
Recall Enhancement Routine
Content Enhancement Routines
What SIM means to ME!
Popcorn – Pop up and shout out one thought about SIM
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KUD for TodayKnow- The 8 stages of the Paraphrasing Strategy
Understand-How the Paraphrasing Strategy can impact the students’ ability to paraphrase information in order to improve student achievement.
Do- Implement the 8 stages of the Paraphrasing Strategy with students.
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Book Walk and Resources
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p. 1 IntroductionInstructional Stages :
p. 11 Pretest & Obtain Commitment to Learnp. 16 Describep. 23 Modelp. 27 Verbal Practicep. 32 Controlled Practice and Feedbackp. 37 Advanced Practice and Feedbackp. 40 Posttest & Obtain Commitment to Generalizep. 44 Generalization
p. 57 Appendix A: Evaluation Guidelinesp. 65 Appendix B: Instructional Materials
p. 44 Phase 1:Orientationp. 46 Phase 2:Activationp. 50 Phase 3:Adaptationp. 55 Phase 4: Maintenance
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Paraphrasing Strategy Overview
Pertinent setting demandsReading, understanding, and remembering written information.
Purpose of this strategyTo make the student active in the reading
process by requiring the student to search
out and state the main ideas and details
of each paragraph.
Lesson Essential Questions
• How do the Steps to the Paraphrasing Strategy help me remember important information for future use?
• How can I demonstrate that I understand and can use The Paraphrasing Strategy using controlled practice?
• How can I demonstrate that I can use The Paraphrasing Strategy in my classes?
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Rationales Behindthe Paraphrasing Steps
1. The strategy requires the student to actively interact with and think about the material rather than passively reading it.
2. Following a step-by-step process requires a high level of attention during a reading activity.
3. “Chunking” material into small units facilitates better memory and subsequent recall of the material.
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Percentage of Comprehension Questions
Answered Correctly
This early strategy
study was done
by KU-CRL staff
members with
secondary LD
students in 1988.
Paraphrasing Strategy Results
BeforeInstruction
AfterInstruction
Grade LevelMaterials
Reading LevelMaterials 51% 80%
48% 84%
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Student Folder Contents
Manila folder- Allow students to personalize
1st day- folder contains Pretest Passage/ Notebook paper
2nd day- Test Questions w/ answer sheet and Score Sheet
Ongoing- New Passages for Controlled Practices with Score Sheet
Eventual contents: Cue Cards
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Anatomy of the Paraphrasing Strategy
R Read a paragraph
A Ask yourself, “What were the main ideas and details in this paragraph?”
P Put the main idea and detailsinto your own words
The first lettersspell the mnemonicword “rap”; the meaning of whichis related to thebehavior.
The strategy stepsare task-specific(reading), not situation orcontent specific.
The studentuses self-instruction of the strategysteps to cue selfof what to do.
Only a few steps are used to facilitatecomplex cognitiveprocesses.
Each step of the strategy begins with a verb that facilitates a more active response.
The wording of stepsis simple and brief.
This step cues thereader to use the cognitive strategy
of self-questioning.
This step cues the readerto relationally organizethe information and decidewhat is important and unimportant.
This step cues readerto use a transformationalstrategy (paraphrasing)to elaborate on the information from the paragraph.
This step elicits an overtresponse that can be evaluated and on whichcorrective feedback canbe provided.
Pretest/Commitment
Page 11 in Manual
Student conferences with teacher and commits
to learning the strategy
Two days for Pretest
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Describe
Page 16 in manual
Preparation Section
Bold print
Quotations
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Model
• Listen as Bonnie models the passage, “Wandering in the Wilds”
• Refer to Cue Cards #1-3
• Model stage begins on p. 23 in manual
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Verbal Practice
• Students need to understand and master Cue
Card #3 and Verbal Checklist (p. 68 manual)
• Provide Practice for students to master steps
• Complete Paraphrasing Verbal Practice
Checklist for student.
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Student’s Name:
Paraphrasing Verbal Rehearsal Checklist
Attempts
Steps 1 2 3 4 5 6
Read a paragraph
Ask what you need
Put the main idea and details into your own words
Percentage correct
Date
% % % % % %
Ideas for Verbal Practice
• Bouncy Balls
• Games (pyramid)
• Flash Cards/Digital Flash Cards
• Dueling Charts
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Steps for Paraphrasing
Step 1 Read a paragraph.
Step 2 Ask yourself, “What were the main ideas and details in this paragraph?”
Step 3 Put the main ideas and details into your own words.
Step 4 Note the words
50 75 100
200 300 400
500 600
1000
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25 50 75 100
200 300 400
500 600
1000
What is the name of the
strategy we are learning today?
What does SIM stand for?
How many days until
Spring Break!
What does R stand for?
What does A stand for?
How many stages are in the strategy
What does P stand for?
What does N stand for?
Where can this strategy
be used?
A paraphrase must contain a
complete thought with…
The Paraphrasing
Strategy
3!
Put the main idea and details into your own words
Ask yourself, “ What were the
main idea and details in this paragraph?
Read a paragraph
The Strategic Instruction
Model
Anytime a student needs to
read for information
Subject and verb
Note the words8
Controlled Practice
• Lets look at our Kit!
• Refer to Progress Chart
• Provide passages near grade level (scaffold for students according to individual level)
• Score Sheet for Controlled Practice (students record title of passage on blank score sheet)
• Grading
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Advanced Practice
• Capable of making the leap from applying the strategy to materials written at their reading levels to materials written at their grade levels
• Refer to Progress Chart for mastery levels
• Getting them ready for Generalization in Gen. Ed. Classes.
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Posttest and Commitment
• Pass a grade level passage with mastery. (80% paraphrasing, 70% comprehension)
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Generalization
• Four Phases: Orientation (Materials) Activation (Assignment Sheet) Adaptation (Situations, Practice) Maintenance (Ongoing Practice)
• Teacher and students take ownership of strategy
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Scoring
Read Appendix A : Evaluation Guidelines
pp. 57-59
Read Passage (red sheets)
Review Sample Student Paraphrase
Practice Scoring on red Score Sheet
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Dueling Charts for the Strategy
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Follow Up- Due May 4, 2012
• Join our SIM Wikispace (an invitation will be emailed to you from Wikispaces.)
• Answer 3 discussion questions for Paraphrasing on wikispace
• Give the Pretest to a student, grade, and provide feedback
• Complete Verbal Practice Checklist with student• Send Pretest, Graded Score sheet, Verbal
Practice Checklist to:Bonnie Dupuis, FIN
Bartow Municipal Airport
Rt E37
University of Kansas Cener for Research on Learning 2006