The Origins of the State

Modern Political and Economic systems.

What is needed to be a “country”? Population Territory Sovereignty

It is neither subordinate nor responsible to another authority.

Government

Origins of the State The Force Theory

One person or group claimed control over an area and forced all to submit to their rule.

Once rule established, the other elements were present.

                   

                               

Origins of the State The Evolutionary

Theory – The state developed

naturally out of early families. The father was the “head” and thus “government.”

Family – Clan – Nation.

The Origins of the State Divine Right Theory

God gave some the right to rule.

Genetically passed on.

Origins of the State The Social Contract

Theory – Developed by John

Lock and Thomas Hobbes in England. Jean Jacques Rousseau in France.

THE BASIS FOR OUR GOVT!

Social Contract Theory Man lived in a “state

of nature.” – considered it an “unpleasant condition.”

By contract, men joined together and agreed to work together.

Distribution of Power

The geographic distribution of power.

UNITARY – centralized government. Single central agency.

FEDERAL – Division of powers. We have a national government and then 50 state governments.

CONFEDERATE – States are equal.

Participation in Govt. DICTATORSHIP!

Authoritarian where those in power have total authority over the people.

Totalitarian where those in power have total authority over all aspects of peoples lives.

Dictatorships The people have no

say. Often dictators are

militaristic. Take power by force

and lose it by force.

Democracy Supreme political

authority rests with the people.

Government is conducted only by and with their consent.

Types of Democracy Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy

OR Representative Democracy OR REPUBLIC.

RULES of DEMOCRACYFundamental worth of individuals.Equality of all persons.Majority rule and minority rights.Necessity of compromise. Individual Freedom.

Who controls the resources?The questions what to produce, how to

produce and for whom to produce. Capitalism, Free Enterprise, Market

Economy. Communism, Command Economy Socialism, Mixed-Economy.

Capitalism / Free Enterprise / Market Economy The people make

most of the decisions and can do what they want with their resources (most of the time).

Very little government involvement.

Capitalism / Free Enterprise / Market Economy If people make good

decisions – they make profit.

In Capitalism – people should be able to keep their profits. Little if any taxation.

Communism or Command Economy

The government (dictator) decides what will be produced and who gets to have land and resources. Mostly it all belongs

to them!

Communism or Command Economy

It means that the dictator and his favorites get rich.

Everyone else lives in poverty / starvation.

Socialism or Mixed Economy The government

owns some of the resources, and people own the rest.

Sometimes government is in competition to get better prices for the people.

Socialism or Mixed Economy Sometimes

government “owns” the resources that are considered necessaries for the public. Utilities (electricity,

water, phone, transportation)

Medical Care???

Socialism or Mixed Economy Sometimes it means

that government taxes the rich more to make the wealthy a little more “equal” to the poor.