the origin of the universe. what makes up the universe?
TRANSCRIPT
The Origin of the Universe
What makes up the Universe?
The Universe
All of the _____________, ____________, and _____________that exists in the physical world
It is made up of billions of galaxies that contain billions of stars and billions of planets!
Scientists believe that the Universe is about ____________ BILLION YEARS OLD
All began with something called the _________________________
13.7
Big Bang
space matterenergy
Opening Credits:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItRtfwYtr_4
The Cosmic Calendar
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
New Year’s Day:12:00:01 – The Big Bang
5th – First Stars Form20th – First Galaxies Form
The Milky Way Forms
The Cosmic Calendar
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
The Cosmic Calendar
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
Our Solar System Forms –Sun, Planets, Asteroids,Moons
Oldest Known Life –First Single-CelledOrganisms Appear
The Cosmic Calendar
NOVEMBER
First Multi-Cellular Organisms Appear
OCTOBER
DECEMBER1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17FirstVertebrates
18First Land Plants
19 20First Four-Limbed Animals
21Variety of Insects Begin to Flourish
22 23 24First DinosaursAppear
25First Mammal Ancestors
26 27First BirdsAppear
28
29Dinosaurs Wiped Out by Asteroid or Comet
30 31 10:15 am – Apes Appear 9:24 pm – First Humans Ancestors to Walk Upright 11:54 pm – Anatomically Modern Humans Appear 11:59:45 pm – Invention of Writing 11:59:50 pm – Pyramids Built in Egypt 11:59:59 pm – Voyage of Christopher Columbus
What is a THEORY?
The Big Bang Theory
Billions of years ago, everything in the universe was crunched up into a tiny
speck that was smaller than the period at the end of this sentence.
How did this little speck become the universe we know today?
The Big Bang Theory
All _________________ and ___________________ was once concentrated in a small, hot area
After an instantaneous and gigantic explosion, matter began to organize into subatomic particles and _______________
Most of the earliest atoms were _________________ and _______________
matter energy
atoms
hydrogen helium
The Big Bang Theory
The universe began __________________ in all directions and continues to expand today
Everything in the universe is constantly moving away from everything else in the universe and ____________
expanding
cooling
Full Song:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ES2OyRQeclk
The Universe is actually accelerating today!
Are we at the center of the Universe?
Is it possible to move at different speeds and directions at the same time?
Is one set of data right and one set of data wrong?
How can we explain this?
In 1929 Edwin Hubble made the amazing discovery that distant galaxies are speeding ______________ from each other
Einstein's Theory of Gravity proved that space itself can ______________, explaining what Hubble had discovered
away
expand
Evidence for the Big BangEvery star emits radiation in the form of
______________ called electromagnetic energy
Each element emits energy in specific _________________
The human eye sees the different wavelengths of visible light as ___________
waves
wavelengths
colors
Bottom of Page 14 in Earth Science Reference Table
Spectrum of an Element
Shorter Wavelengths = __________ Energy
Long Wavelengths = __________ Energy
High
Low
The Doppler Effect
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoxDcn2Sgo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3G_eaSaLck
The Doppler EffectAs a fire truck approaches, it gets louder and higher
pitched because the wavelengths of sound are compressing and getting shorter __________________________________
As the fire truck passes, it gets lower pitched because the wavelengths of sound expand are getting longer ___________________________
Gaining Energy
Losing Energy
red
The Doppler Effect
The same thing occurs between Earth and other celestial objects
If a star is moving away from us, its wavelength gets ______________ and shifts towards the ___________ end of the spectrum
If a star is moving toward us, its wavelength gets _____________ and shifts towards the _____________ end of the spectrum
longer
shorterblue
The Doppler Effect
By studying the spectrum of an element from a celestial object, we can determine if it is moving toward or away from us
Spectrum of an Element
Red Shift
Normal Spectrum of an Element:
Spectrum of the same element coming from a distant star:
Spectral Lines
Blue Shift
Normal Spectrum of an Element:
Spectrum of the same element coming from a distant star:
Spectral Lines
Moving away = red tail lights of car
Moving toward = blue new fancy headlights of car
This is the emission spectra of the element Hydrogen from a distant star. Is the star
moving toward or away from us?
Spectra of normal Helium in lab:
Spectra of Helium emitted from distant galaxy:
Is this galaxy moving toward or away from us?
If the universe is expanding, would we expect all celestial objects to have a red shift or a blue shift?
Red Shift!
When would we ever see a blue shift?
Fastness of Galaxy Movement
The farther the spectral lines are from the original, the faster the galaxy is moving!
Radiation
Energy emitted as ____________waves
Cosmic Microwave Background RadiationScientists have theorized that if a Big
Bang did occur, the ___________ created by the explosion would have expanded with the matter
Therefore, there would be _______ trapped in the universe left over from the Big Bang
energy
heat
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
