the organization of urban space
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 14 The organization of urban
space
Tania Hidalgo ReyesMaria Bonilla LorenteAnna Garcia Rasero
![Page 2: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The process of urbanization.The phenomenon of urbanization is due to the growth of cities,
both because it has increased the number of inhabitants and the new economic activities conducted there.
The growth of the town and surrounding areas has been alternating with the morphology over time, so that in the historical evolution of European cities recognize three stages:
The pre-industrial cityThe industrial citypost-industrial city
![Page 3: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE OLD CITY: GREECE AND ROME
Characteristics of the first Greek cities: They haven’t a regular layout, and the streets were narrow and winding.Later on it was used a layout of streets cutting off perpendicularly, with spaces and public buildings (Agora)Characteristics of Roman cities:They had a regular form, with two principals streets.They had water pipes, bridges, buildings for shows, roads…
Theatre
Commercial port
Acropolis
Agora
Homes
Agora
Homes
![Page 4: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE CITY IN THE MIDDLE AGESThe cities in the middle ages were step up as centers economics. Was a safe place for people, because protect the walls from the outside in case of attack.
Characteristics:
The streets were narrow and winding.
They formed authentic mazes.
In the centers there used to be a place voted importance of buildings.
CITIES IN THE MODERN AGEThe cities in the modern age changed a lot of. The old outside city was incorporated at the cities, and outside the wall, without throw out them, they was building news districts. The cities was incorporated squares, gardens, monumental fountain and sewage system and they was pave the streets.
medieval
wall
extramural
![Page 5: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The industrial cities•The industrial cities appear with the industrial revolution.
•The installation of factory and railway did grow the workforce and the number of inhabitants.
•The workes lived in wet habitatges with bad sanitary conditions.
•The news means of transport modified the stretches of roads and helped in the connection between the diferents areas and nearby villages.
![Page 6: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY The postindustrial city arises from the seventies of
the century XX, especially in developed countries.
The center loses residential functions and tends to greater specialization in tertiary activities.
The trend towards more flexible production process has enabled the factories move some to other areas.
Ease of transport and communications allows the movement of the population to ever more distant areas, as what matters is the availability (time) not distance.
![Page 7: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Program 11.1-Globalization and urban space.
• Since the late 20th century, the globalitzation the economy has transformed the urban space and has favored the emergence of new types of cities: global cities for example: New York.
Aleix Gallego Antonio CaballeroDavid Barrera
![Page 8: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1.2 Transformations in large cities.
• To adapt to the new global functions, large cities have experienced significant socio-economic changes. As a result of this increase in building large cities have experienced strong prices rose land and buildings.
![Page 9: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1.3 Urban networks
• Populations are not isolated only means interconnected through trade.
• These trade flows or linking cities and urban networks are.
![Page 10: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Program 2:Territorial and social inequalities
Daniel LopezJudith BlanchAmanda MedinaPaula Vizcarra
![Page 11: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2.1 Social and territorial differences
• The Globalization is not just economic or financial, is a process that also includes social, cultural, occupational, and environmental. Number of advantages, accentuating poverty and social inequalities.
• The phenomen on of globalization favors a few other cities on favors industrial zones.
• The urban housings are distributed in the territory according to the purchasing power of the population who lives every place.
![Page 12: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2.2 New areas for a rich people
• People with a lot of money, want privileged areas of the city with comfortably and luxuriously homes.
• This emerging private estates, gardens, green areas, restricted access to residents, golf courses, etc ...
![Page 13: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2.3 Marginal areas
• In the prefer of the cities form the developing countries, and a many cities in developed countries, there are areas of settlement precarious.
• In these areas, there is a part of the population who lives badly with a minimal conditions and, illegally.
![Page 14: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2.3 The central city
• Recover parts of the historic center through the transformation of some buildings in luxury hotels and restaurants or design shops. This process is known as gentrification.
• New exclusive services influence a rise of land prices, and attract residents with a high standard of living.
• The usual residents tend to leave these areas of the city and seek economically affordable neighborhoods.
• There are neighborhoods that are deteriorating from the center to the lack of investment in infrastructure and the part of the public or the private sector.
• The town has few resources remains in these degraded areas of the city center.
![Page 15: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Program 3The urban landscape in the world today
Yasmina VazquezAida Ibañez
![Page 16: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3.1 A world of cities
• During the last decades the urban population now exceeds the population rural. The characteristics of this improvement are:* Big cities the millions of people.* Cities have a high technology but with environmental problems.* Cities compete worldwide* Multicultural cities.
![Page 17: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3.2 Cities in developed countries
• Cities in developed countries have experienced a loss of density, because the population moved to live outside the city or medium-sized cities. So there has been a remarkable growth of metropolitan areas.
• Compact city has spent a continuous urban area where it is very difficult to determine where it begins and ends in the city.
![Page 18: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3.3 Cities in developing countries
• Largest cities are called the third world megacities and megalopolises.• What are large urban concentrations exceding ten million inhabitants.• The urban conurbations play a dominant role• Examples of the megacity have in Rio de Janeiro and developed
countries there are in Tokyo or Yokohama-Boston-Washington.
![Page 19: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
4THE DIFFUSE CITY
Oscar osá EdjangErich Gárate
![Page 20: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• The boundaries between the rural and the urban:
• In metropolitan areas , the boundary betweenthe city and countryside is not a line defined. City moves on the
countryside and this created an area were mixed it has activities mixed urban and rural. It’s a very dynamic and changind, we can call in severals ways:
Diffuse cityPeri-urban areaStrip rururbano
![Page 21: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Uses and functions to urban sprawl:
• The activities in the territory of the urban sprawl organized according to the needs of the metropolis could hardly be placed into the strict city:
Urbanization, industrial parks, sports facilities and urban farmland recipients market etc ...
• It’s a kind of diffusions of the functions and activities of the tradicional city, but developed a more extensive and
variebles limits, which for this reason is called urban sprawl.
![Page 22: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Causes of diffuse city
• Causes of diffuse city:The growth of diffuse city is mainly due to higher pre-ground from the big city and it is possible, in large part thanks to the development of private transport (cars, trucks, etc.) and the increase in road infrastructure (roads, etc.) to facilitate bringing some rural areas in the city.
![Page 23: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Impact of urban sprawlIf not carried out a proper planning, the repercussion of the growth model
of urban sprawl can be very negative for these reasons:
• Very high consumptions of the sun• Services increased• Constant mobility• Development of a more individualistic social model
![Page 24: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Model of diffuse city: metropolitanic area of Barcelona
![Page 25: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
5. The new urban spaces
Andrea Barril
Andrea Iglesias
Nerea Navarro
Andrea Ponce
Nerea NavarroAndrea PonceAndrea BarrilAndrea Iglesias
![Page 26: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
5.1 The new spaces The city has organized a diffuse redistribution for space. This has
meant that industrial activities have been away from the city, while the emergence of new economic activities has created new land intended for the installation of technology parks and major shopping areas.
![Page 27: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
5.3 The functions of the central town or big city
The relocation of industries in the city was assumed that large cities would lose economic importance. But that has not happened. Big cities are the place chosen by the multinationals.
This situation changes in the use of the city.
![Page 28: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
5.4 Technology parks The location of high-tech industries has driven sites innovació the
existence of the so-called technological parks. Work in close collaboration with universities, research centers and other institutions of higher education.
It is located near the cities.
![Page 29: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
5.5 Shopping centers These large consumption centers are also spaces of sociability and
ralació interpersonal.
Their characteristics:
• indoors
• controlled areas
• safe spaces
• (Miami)
![Page 30: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN CITIES
JORDI RUBIO SALVADOR 3r I
![Page 31: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
URBAN AREA
- Alters the natural- Constructs a humanized landscape- Operation and modification of resources
![Page 32: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
LACK OF VEGETATION
• Lack of vegetation:- deforestation- Lack of grenery.
• EFECTS- Reduction of water from rivers and wells- Climate change
![Page 33: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
SCARCITY AND WATER POLLUTION
• Scarcity and water pollution:- ¼ people affected by the shortage- Developed countries consume too much water- Contamination of groundwater due to lack of separation between the potable water networks and sewage pipes
• Efects: infectious diseases (hepatitis)
![Page 34: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
6- THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF CITIES
• Fiorella Villanueva Gárate• Mireia Florejachs Costa• Laia Agudo Utrero
![Page 35: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
HIGH CONTAMINATION
•In the cities there are other sources of contamination very difficult to control and cause a considerable air pollution, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, smoke from vehicles and factories.
•The urban population also has to bear the noise pollution, noise from vehicles, industries of public works and neighbors and citizens who behave antisocial.
![Page 36: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
A CONSUMER SOCIETY
• The big consumption that exist in cities cause a great accumulation of solid waste which are difficult to collect, classify, recycle or eliminate.
• The hygienic and health problems more serious happen in cities less developed by budget or by infrastructure, are frequent landfills outdoors
![Page 37: The organization of urban space](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062703/554e2a80b4c90511778b54a5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
A CONSUMER SOCIETY (part 2)
• The consequences of that there are dumps:odors, the danger of contamination of groundwater and the proliferation of rodents, animals that have many diseases which are transmitted to the population.Currently the "modern city" does a great consumption of non-renewable energy (oil, natural gas ..).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEyjWTJX4UA