THE

ORCHID REVIEWDEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOC

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VOLUME

XVII

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Subscriptions for 1909 areVol. XVII.

now

due.[No.

JANUARY,

1909.

ORCHID REVIEW:En3ilustratefc

3ournal of rcbifcolo^

Answers

Corresponde Book, Notice of Calendar of Operatioto

record " under

t

Events of 1908 ... Notes ... John )ituary;

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HAYWARDS HEATHwhereall

correspondence,

etc.,

is

to be sent,

and from which addressin

all

business will be transacted

the future.

The Bradford Nurseries are

Closed.

THE ORCHID REVIEW.JANUARY,1909.

THE ORCHID STUD-BOOK.Itis

with great satisfaction that

we

are able to announce the completionlittle

of the Orchid Stud-Book, whose appearance has been awaited with no

impatience byIts object,list

many1

of our readers.is

a ? pointed out in the Preface,

" to provide an authentic

of existing Orchid hybrids of artificial origin, arranged on a uniform

system, so as to show at a glance the crosses that have already been

made, the adopted name of the hybrids, the worksflowering

in

which they have beenfirst

described and figured, the original raiser or exhibitor, and the date of

in short

it is

intended as a guide to the already vast literature of

the subject, and a standard of nomenclature."

Someout.

of the difficulties

met with duringarisenin

its

execution

are

pointed

" These

haveuniform

partly

through

the

same

hybrid

having

been raised independently

different

collections,raisers

but chiefly

throughall

want

of

a

system.

Someas

haveof

considered

the

seedlings

from the

same

cross

forms of one,

whilethe

others

have

given distinct names to

different seedlings out

same seed-pod.

Somethejoint

hybrids have received Latin or classical names, in accordance withor have

rules of binomial nomenclature,

been distinguished by the

names of the two

parents, while

others have

beenor

named

in

the

vernacular.

A

few have been recorded without names.lost,

In addition to this

there are

many hybrids whose parentage has been

whose records are

incomplete, contradictory, or erroneous.

Stray seedlings, loss or absence

of record of parentage, change of ownership of unflowered seedlings, the

contemporaneous flowering of the same hybrid

in different collections,

and

the naming of hybrids without reference to the work of earlier operators, have all contributed their quota to the confusion arising from themultiplicity of systems of nomenclature, and the object of the

work

is

to

provide a remedy for this confusion, so far as possible."

The work " Part I.been

is

divided into two parts

:

contains an enumeration of the species and hybrids which have used as parents, these being arranged in alphabetical sequence,

followed by the

name

of the resulting hybrid.

The name

of the

first

parent

"

[January, 1909.in

s

THE ORCHID REVIEWthe alphabetical series)allis

(in

given

in

heavy typeit

the centre of the

column, and

the species with whichleft,

has been crossed are arranged

alphabetically on the

with the resulting hybrid on the right.

Each

parent appears againof any given

in its

ownof

alphabetical position, and thus the hybridsallits

species appear

together.parents,

name

of the hybrid by

means

Having found the one turns to Part II., where its. . .

history

and other

details are given.

Part

I.

serves the double purpose of

indicating the

name

of any given hybrid

whose parents are known, and of

shewing with what others a given species has been crossed."

Part(3)

II.

contains

(1)

an alphabetical enumeration of existing hybrids,(2) (4)

each under

its

adopted name, followed by

thethe

names

of

its

parents, or

references to descriptions

and

figures,

name

of the raiser

exhibitor, (5) date of first flowering,in

and

(6)

synonymy, these being followed

a few cases by"

(7)

a short additional note.

A

few explanatory

details

are given under these several headings.1.

Names.

Ina

allis

cases

correct name, but this

not

we have aimed at adopting the earliest Part II. invariably the name first published.of

commences withasit'

few suggestions for securing greater uniformity

practice than at present exists, and the following paragraph

may be

repeated,

has been our guide throughout

:

Hybrids raised between species should receive

specific

names, Latin orShort

classical, consisting of a single

word

the use, however, of two short wordsthose exceeding six syllables being

being permissible where they can be connected with a hyphen.

names should be used

for preference,

considered inadmissible.'

\ names adopted are then given. " 2. Parents. The names of the parents are given in their alphabetical sequence, and in most cases where the seed parent is definitely recorded\ But in many cases the record is not clear, \ the sign ? follows the name.Some examplesof the

and where doubt exists the sign has been omitted. Raisers might help to and to correct any that are known to be fill up some of these blanks,References and figureslatterit is

may

be

left

to explain themselves, but of the

remarked

:

" Except in cases where they are unduly numerous, anlist

attempt has been made to give a completehowever, mere repetitions" Thiswillin the

of published figures, (avoiding,

same work)." The next point that we note is that of Synonymy, under which we:

findat

has proved

an

unusually

difficult

subject.

A

glance

page 97

show

that the well-known hybrid between Cattleya Mossiae

and Lajlia purpurata (Lseliocattleya X Canhamiana) has been recorded under nineteen distinct names, while Paphiopedilum X aureum has nearly The latter may be an exceptional case, and a good forty synonyms.

January, 1909.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

3

example of the wide diversity of character often shown by secondary hybrids (even out of the same capsule), which seem to defy all attempts to

name themand even

satisfactorily, but generally

speaking there has been a careless

reckless multiplication of

synonymy.still

or contradictory records have provedto ascertain

But hybrids with imperfect more difficult. It was impossible

whether they should be regarded as distinct or as forms of

and many such have had to be omitted because of the sheer impossibility of knowing where to put them. The records or the plants may exist somewhere, and if so we hope that the absence of the names will be detected, and that such information will be forthcoming as A similar difficulty may have led to will serve to clear up their history. some of them being inserted in the wrong place, and if so we hope the The synonyms are arranged as far as possible errors will be pointed out.somethingelse,

chronologically, which shows the history of any given hybrid better than an

alphabetical arrangement."

addenda down to the end of A paragraph relating to 1907, and a complete Index of Synonyms. omissions may be summarised by saying that a certain number of hybrids There are 120figures in half-tone, a long

whose parentage could not be ascertained have been omitted until the necessary information is forthcoming, and this should afford an opportunity for the ingenuity of our readers, which we hope they will not lose sight of.

The next paragraph is of general interest. " Secondary and more Complex Hybrids.complex parentage.hybridsit is felt

A great deal of

difficulty

has been experienced in dealing with secondary hybrids and those of more

Although we have treated them the same as primaryis

that the plan

not satisfactory.

Primary hybrids usually

combine the characters of their parents in such a way that they can easily be recognised, and the variations assumed by different individuals from the same seed pod or the same cross are seldom great enough to prevent them from being recognised, and had the matter gone no furthermost of thedifficulties

could have been got over with very

little

trouble.

But we now have hybrids of almost every degree of complexityhybrids recrossed with theirhybrids;

primary-

own

parents, or crossed with other species or

hybridsin equal four,

derived from two species in

which the

parents are

combinedspecies,

and

in

unequal proportions

;

hybrids derived from three;

from

and one even from

five species

and while some of thesein

complex hybrids vary enormously between themselves they also cases resemble others that are known to have been derived fromcrosses.

some

different

In short there are hybrids whose parentage cannot be fixed withtheir characters,

any degree of certainty by an analysis of

because of theis

amount

of reversion that has taken place.

Then

there

that

curious

complication that certain crosses which from their parentage appear to be

4distinct, yet

THE ORCHID REVIEW.on analysis proveidentical.

[January, 1909.

same hybrid may be obtained in two Odontoglossum nobile crossed with O. X spectabile would appeardistinct hybrid

put the case differently, the For example, different ways.to be a

To

from O.

X

Rolfeae crossed with O.

X

armainvillierense, but

an analysis of parentage shows that both are composed of half O. nobile, a quarter O. crispum, and a quarter O. Harryanum. The two have been leftunder their respective names of O.it

X percultum and

O.

X

Ossultoni, but

is

at least a question

whether they ought not to have been regarded asis

forms of one.perplexing facts

Andit

this

only a type of a series.

Owing

to these

becomes a question whether secondary and more complex hybrids may not in the future have to be treated in a different wayfrom primary ones, or atchains of hybrids thatflorists' flowers,all

events have to be classified separately.

Theup by

species in certain genera are

now becoming

so completely linked

we may have to treat these complex forms purely as selecting and naming only such as show distinct improvepredecessors and ignoring the remainder.inevitable in the near future."

ments onselective

their

Some

such

method seems almostis

Following the Preface

the " History of Orchid Hybridisation," inin

which the more important events are discussed and then comearticles

chronological sequence,

on "Generic Hybrids," the "Specific Composition

of Hybrids," in which the various grades of complexity are discussed, and

the "Variability of Hybrids." Six pages are next devoted to the " Literature of Orchid Hybrids," a chronological arrangement beingfollowed,

and fourteen others to a chapter on " Hybridising and Raisingof the

Orchids from Seed."

The bulk

work

is

naturally devoted to the enumeration of species

and hybrids used as parents, and to that of their hybrid offspring, which fills 312 pages, both being alphabetical the arrangement and details, \however, have already been mentioned.eleven closely printed pages, andis

The "Index

of

Synonyms"

fills

followed by the " List of Illustrations,"appropriatelyfirst

120 in number.

Thean

Frontispiece,

enough, shows a

fine

specimen of CalantheFinally,

X

Dominyi, thearrangement

hybrid Orchid raised by hand." Future

comes

for

Supplements,"

as

follows

:

" Itis

is

inevitable that a

work of

this kind, dealing

with a subject which

become out of The preceding pages contain the hybrids recorded up to the end of date. 1907, so far as their history could be ascertained, but a large number have been recorded since, and almost every meeting of importance bringsprogressing with such rapid strides, should very quicklyadditionsto

the

list.

It

is

intended to publish future additions in the

Orchid Review, sofor

as to prevent the

1908 have already been collected,

work from falling out of date. Those and a first instalment will appear in

January, 1909.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW.will

5

an early number of that work, after which the recordstime to time as the materials accumulate.tunity of correcting any errors that

be continued from

This

will also afford

an oppor-

may

be pointed out, and of including

any hybrids that have been omitted for want of information. It is quite probable that materials exist which will enable the origin of some of these doubtful hybrids to be cleared up, and it is hoped that any such informationwill

be forthcoming.

" In order that future recordsthatraiserswill

may

be as complete as possible,information

it is

hopedtheir

forward

the

necessary

respecting

productions, as they reach the flowering stage, accompanied by a flower asa voucher of authenticity, and this remark applies equally to any old hybrid

which has been overlooked or omitted, or whose origin has been incorrectly given. If raisers will compare the work with their own private records, and let us know the result, some important information may be elicited, for

we have reason

to believe that there are hybrids in existence

whose

origin

Hybrids that have not yet reached the flowering stage are outside the scope of the work.has never been properly recorded.

Schedule for Information respecting Additional OrchidHybrids.1.

Seedparent.

2.

Pollen parent.Raiser.

3.

Name

(if

any).

4.6. 8.

5.

Exhibitor.

Date of

first

flowering.

7.

Record of publication orexhibition(if

Any

additional information,

any).

1.

Calanthe Masuca.

2.

Calanthe furcata.Veitch.

3.5.

Calanthe

X Dominyi.p. 4.

4. 6.

October, 1856.

7.

Gard. Chron. 1858,

8.

The

first

hybrid Orchid

raised by hand.

"

The above

is

only intended as a rough guide as to the kind of informa-

tion desired,

and

its

arrangement.

Some

of the pointsto beit is

may

not be known,If,

and others

will necessarily in

some cases have

left

blank.

however,

there are doubts about the actual parentage,of accuracy this will be pointed out.raiser,

hoped thatis

in the interests

The

exhibitor

not always the actual

and sometimes theis

latter is

not certainly, known, but the complete

record"

desired as often as possible.is

The above form

obviously not suitable for corrections and criticisms

of existing records, which when necessary we hope to receive. " All communications should be addressed to the Editor."

6

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

[January, 1909.

EVENTS OF

I908.

In summarising the horticultural events of the past year

we may

first

mention the great Quinquennial Exhibition at Ghent, which also celebrated As usual, it brought together the leading the Society's Centenary. horticulturalists of Europe, while the display of Orchids was certainly veryfine,

and what

it

might have been

is

difficult

to imagine, for prizesfilled,

werein

offered in eighty-one classes,

though only twenty-seven were

and

several of these there

was only a single exhibit. The group staged by M. Firmin Lambeau, of Brussels, which gained the Gold Medal offered by His Majesty the King of the Belgians, was excellent, and that staged, not forcompetition, by Major G. L. Holford, of Westonbirt, was remarkable infeet,

every respect, occupying an area of over 300 square

and containing

many

very fine specimens and some brilliant

novelties

The group

of

hybrid Odontoglossums exhibited in a long glass case by M. Ch. Vuylsteke,of Loochristi,

was equally remarkable, nothing

like

it

having been staged

Other

Exhibitions.

The great shows held by the Royal Horticultural Society at the Inner Temple Gardens and at Holland House have never been surpassed, perhapsnot equalled, in the brilliant display of Orchids brought together, while theusual fortnightly meetings have rarely failed to produce a fine

show

ofof

Orchids,

or

some

brilliant

novelty.also

The Manchester and

North

England Orchid Society havevarious

had a very successful year, and the

Cup Competitions have

led to a keen but friendly rivalry, all of

which

testifies to

the growing popularity of these beautiful plants.

Novelties.

Theorigin,

striking novelties of the year have been almost exclusively of hybrid

and the progress which has been made

in

this

departmentof

is

remarkable, and seems likely to increase year by year.

A number

new

species have been described, several interesting in themselves, but nothing

of striking horticultural merit.

Several fine varieties of existing species,

however, have appeared, andccerulea Charlesworthii,

among them

the beautiful albinos,

Vanda

Cypripedium Charlesworthii Bromilowianum, andHybrids.

C. macranthum album.

Hybrid novelties have been so numerous that one hardly knows where One of the most brilliant, however, is Odontioda Charlesto begin. worthii, whose uniform crimson colour came as a surprise, considering thatone parent was the strongly marked Odontoglossum Harryanum. O. St.Fuscien, O. keighlyensis and O. Thwaitesii are also very promisingacquisitions.

Diacattleya Colmanise and Chondropetalum Fletcheri are also interesting generic crosses, though in the latter the Zygopetalum

January, 1909]

THE ORCHID REVIEW.Additions were

7

parent exerts a greatly preponderating influence.

made

to

most of the large showy genera, but as weelsewhere they

shall

have to summarise themto say

may

be passed over.

Suffice

it

that

among

the

complex hybrids of Cypripediums some striking novelties appeared, of them being certificated by the R.H.S.

several

interesting This genus has rapidly novelties were recorded, without reckoning varieties of hybrids previously recorded. Probably the most striking addition was O. X maculatissimum,

Odontoglossums. come to the front, for over a dozen

exhibited by

M. Ch. Vuylsteke

at

H. Grogan, Esq., from O. X J. the most interesting. O. X hibernicum, O. X Clytie, and O. X Eleanor, raised by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., and O. X Zenobia, O. X Nerissa, and O. X Nemea, raised by De Barri Crawshay, Esq., were also attractiveadditions to thelist.

Ghent, while O. X Groganias, raised by Uroskinneri and O. Edwardii, was one o

Several others also flowered with Mr. Crawshay.

Certificated Orchids.

Thenovelties.

certificated

Orchids of the year contain a large proportion of Fifty-one First-class Certificates were awarded by the Royalgiven to hybrids,

Horticultural Society,, and of these thirty-eight wereeither

new

or of very recent origin.

and three varieties with nine, six of them hybrids, the others being C. Charlesworthii Bromilowianum,C.bellatulum,Exhim'svar., and the old Siberian C. macranthumten hybrids(the latter certificated

Odontoglossum heads the list, with of O. crispum. Then comes Cypripedium

under the name of C. ventricosum).

Of

the eight

Cattleyas four were hybrids, two of them being forms of the beautiful albino C. x Suzanne Hye de Crom. There were four Brassocattleyas, three

and three Vandas, including the beautiful albino V. ccerulea Charlesworthii and a coloured form of the species, two Odontiodas, both of them forms of the brilliant O. Charlesworthii, two Sophrocattleyas, and Genera claiming but a single two Cymbidiums, both forms of C. insigne, representative were Dendrobium, Calanthe, Phaius, Miltonia and Stanhopea, all hybrids but the last, which was a form of the fine old S. tigrina. TheLaeliocattleyas,

Awards

of Merit

we have

not attempted to analyse, nor yet the numerous

awards of the Manchester Orchid Society.

Some remarkablecomepages.

facts respecting

the

inheritance

of Albinism

haveour

to light during the year,

which have been very

fully discussed in

the object of obtaining albino hybrids, albino varieties of different species have been intercrossed, and now that the seedlings are

With

beginning to flower an unexpected condition of things has revealed itself, the hybrids having in many cases reverted to ordinary coloured forms.

Hybrids between Cypripedium insigne Sanders? and C.

X

Maudiae, C,

3

THE ORCHID REVIEW.i.

[January, 1909.

callosum Sanderse, and C.

Dorothy have

in

every case reverted to coloured

forms, while hybrids with C. bellatulum album have also partially reverted,as

shown by the

figures at pp.

104, 105 of our last volume.

Seedlings

obtained by crossing together albino varieties of Cattleya labiata have alsoyielded ordinary coloured forms, and thus were equally disappointing.

But

a batch of hybrids raised from Cypripedium

figures Sanderianum retained the albino character, as of C. X Rossetti with its two parents given at pp. 265-267 of the same volume. This seems to show that the two varieties of C. insigne mentioned, Sanderae and Sanderianum, are constitutionally much more distinct than would appear from their characters. Further observations on the

X Maudiae and C. may be seen by the

insigne

subject will be awaited with interest, for differences of opinion exist as to

the cause.

Ournamely:

Illustrations.have

Several novelties of the year

been illustrated

in

our

pages,

Chrondropetalum Fletcheri,

p. 56.

Cypripedium

X

Rossetti, p. 265.

Diacattleya Colmaniae, p. 80.

X Crawshayanum, Thompson's var., p. 177. Odontoglossum X egregium, Madame Jules Hye de Crom, p. Odontoglossum X maculatissimum, p. 169.Odontoglossum

209.

Vanda

ccerulea Charlesworthii, p. 361.

The female flowers of Cycnoches Egertonianum and Ccelogyne Mooreana have not previously been figured. Losses during the Year. Three well-known Orchidists have passed away duringdeath of the Marquis de Wavrin, of Ghent, in February

the

handsome

the year.

The

last, left

a blank in

the ranks of Belgian Orchidists, and his fine collection was sold during the

Ghent week.in

Later in the year another enthusiastic Orchidist passed away the person of Frau Ida Brandt, of Zurich, from whose collection we have

received

many

interesting Orchids,

and who had been a subscriber

to this

work almost from the commencement.

John Carder has been familiar to Orchidists for many years as an importer of Odontogiossums, but his death took place early in December. An Obituary notice appears onof

The name

another page.

So much

for the events of the past year, those of the

coming one cannotquota

be foreseen, but

we may

at least anticipate that

it

will contribute its

to the general progress of Orchidology.

The

preparations of the hybridist

are

now on a

vast scale.

May

the harvest be equal to his most sanguine

anticipations.

January, 1909.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

9

PAPHIOPEDILUM NIVEUM VAR GLORIA MUNDI.Theannexedfigure represents a

remarkably

fine

form of Paphiopedilum

niveum from the collection of E. D. Bostock, Esq., Holly House, Stone, Some Staff., and is reproduced from a photograph kindly sent by him. time previously a living flower was received, one of the finest we have yetseen of this beautiful species.

The

colour

is

pure white, with a few very

minute purple dots on the

petals.

The

species varies very

but large-flowered forms are rare, and prized accordingly.

much in size, The species is a

Fig.

1.

Paphiopedilum niveum var. Gloria Mundi.Islands, north of Penang,

native of the

Langkawi

where

it

is

said toit

growis

on limestone mountains, generally on the western

sides,

where

not

much exposedalso

to the sun

;

often in the crevices of the sloping rocks, butlike

seldom on the perpendicular escarpmentsequatorial zone, aboutin

many

other Cypripedes.

It

grows on the Tembilan Islands, another small group within the

midway between Singapore and Sarawak.

Growinghouse,

such a situation

it

naturally requires a light position in a

warm

with very careful watering.

io

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

[January, 1909.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY.By W.J.

Morgan, Rann Lea Gardens,

Rainhill, Lanes.will

Dendrobium Wardianum. Plants that have been properly rested pushing their buds, and in many cases flowering during this month.should be stagedin

be

Theytill

a light position, and given a

little

extra watertill

the

flowers are properly developed, and then kept aof flower,

little

drier

they pass out

when they can be removed to their growing quarters. Where a house cannot be set aside for them they will grow well in a plant stove or vinery. D. aureum, X Curtisii, X Doris, and a host of other hybrids willalso be pushing their flower buds,

and should be given similar treatment.

Where

several potting mixtures have been tried notes should be taken whilst

the plants are in flower as to which gives the best harvest of flowers, as

some mixtures

give fine bulbs but few flowers, whereas, inis

most

cases,

quantity of flower

the chief aim, so that

if

notes are taken whilst the

plants are in flower a satisfactory result can be obtained again next season.

Here we are always trying fresh mixtures and treatments during growing seasons, and I have found in many cases that flowers are better guides thangrowths, but generally speaking with DendrobesgetI

find the best thing

is

to

them growingis

as soon as possible after flowering,

and

them a long growing season, or give very high temperatures at any time. Where the Dendrobes are housedthey grow, thatgiveat present

them ripen and not rush themlet

as

give a temperature of 55 to 6o, plenty of moisture in the atmosphere, and ventilate on every fine or mild day. So long as it is donecarefully, a

we

good syringing

is

better than too

much water with

the watering

can, and also keeps the plants clean and provides a good growing atmos-

phere, but afterwards a

the day,

if only

for

must be given some time during half an hour, or spot will soon show on the bulbs andlittle

ventilation

young growths. Aerides, Angr^cums and Vandas are a beautiful class of Orchids, which have been rather neglected of late years, probably because the showyhybrid Cattleyas and Laelias have replaced them, and are more useful as decorative plants. In any case we do not see such fine specimens shown

was the case a few years ago. Many of the varieties are only of botanical interest, though some of the larger flowering species are very handsome when in flower. Practically the whole of them like a stove temperature, withas

perhaps the exception of Vanda coerulea, which generally does better in a temperature of about 6o to 65 Until we get brighter weather they should.

all

be kept on the dry

side.

Do

not dryto

them

so as to shrivel the leaves

;

just

enough water should be givento root again,

keep the leaves plump, until theygiven.

commence

when an ample supply can be

They

also

then enjoy a good syringing overhead on fine days.

During the winter

January,

1909.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW.with a smallscale,

11

months theyspongedoff

will get infested

which

if

not carefullyIf

soon disfigures the leaves, causing them to turn yellow.it

neglected this soon spreads, and ants will distributeplant or a batch of plantsif

over the whole of a

not checked.in

Spraying occasionally with alot

good insecticide

will

keep them

check and save a

of sponging, other-

wise they are not troubled with insect pests.the most part remain long in perfection.

They

are not difficult plants to

grow, and their beautiful and curious flowers are always admired, and for

C02LOGYNE cristata, and its var., &c, will soon be flowering,considerable time in perfection.

varietiesin

alba,

Lemoniana, Trentham,

a temperature of 65 and will last a Give enough water to keep the bulbs

plump, or the flowersleft

will be small,

and the plantsit

will suffer

if

flowers are

on long.

Where

the flowers are wanted for decorative purposes the

plants must be kept in a

plump

condition, or

will take a long

time to pull

them round again

after theystill

have flowered. These are generally termed oldin quantity,

fashioned Orchids,

where white flowers are wanted

they

are very hard to beat.

As a winter -flowering Orchid I do not see much chance of their being replaced by any hybrids, especially at the price Ccelogynes can be bought at, and they will grow in a cold frame during summer, only requiring heat during winter and at their flowering season. Scale seems to be the only thing that bothers them, and this can easily bekept

down by

spraying.

Miltonias.freely

Miltonia

vexillaria, Roezlii,

now

the days are getting lighter,

and X Bleuana will be growing and will make stronger growths.

Leaves which have been made during dull weather, and are weak, will soon strengthen with sunlight to help them, and a little ventilation will give themthat bronzy colour so

much admired by growers

of these beautiful flowers.

Those plants that were potted in the autumn will be well-established by now, and will require an abundance of water at the roots, as the sun willsoon help to dry them, andfire

heat has to be used pretty strong yet.it

Although the sun gives aits

little

help in the middle of the dayfires

soon loses

power, and

it is

not advisable to drop thefor,

much

until next

month.

and the plants sprayed or fumigated The best plan is to spray occasionally and preas soon as any are seen. vent them from making any appearance at all, for it saves a lot of trouble and at the same time prevents the plants from being disfigured. Frequentlyin dull

Thrip must be carefully watched

weather the young leaves

will be seen to

be stuck together, and

if

not released will be crippled.nail run

The handlewill

of a budding knife or

thumb

gently along the leaves will release them.

A

temperature of 6o

to 65

grow best in stove temperature. Keep a moist growing atmosphere, and ventilate whenever possible. Awill suit

them, but M. Roezlii

light spraying

overhead on fine days will keep the leaves

fresh,

and

also

12

THE ORCHID REVIEW.Do

[January, 1909.

keep thrip down.

not drown the plants; just a light spraying will

make them look happy. Cypripediums of thestage.

insigne class will mostly be past their flowering

once.

These should be examined and those that require potting done at Good turfy loam, crushed crocks, and one-third leaves suits this class

first-rate.

Some growers

object to using loam, but, in

my

opinion, there

is

no comparison between flowers grown in loam and those grown in peat. We have tried divisions of the same plant, grown side by side in the same house, under the same treatment, and in comparing flowers the loam-grownplants always

come much

finer

and make much

finer plants.

If locality

has

anything to do with growing Cypripediums,

there

ought to be

someget

magnificent results shown where pure air can be counted as an advantage.

Here we layfresh air free

in

a

very bleak position, and the only time that

we

from sulphur fumes

get bothered with thrip, so fogs for aftershift,all.

when the wind is perhaps we have somethingis

west.to

We

do not

thank the smokyyears.

Plants that need re-potting should be given a liberaldisturb

so as not to

them again

forif

at

least

two

Large

specimens must be carefully handled, androots, not just

not broken up they can bein

dropped into a larger pot, and lumps of compost worked

between thea plantis

pushed down to the bottom of the pot.

When

not

to be potted for

two or three years, it is worth doing well. Orchids are not much trouble to pot when compared with Chrysanthemums, yet how seldomwill

one sees Orchids, which

have to stand two or three years, well potted,

Chrysanthemums have been potted, which have only to stand in the same pot for two months, and yet the Orchid flowers will last longer than a whole batch of Chrysanthemums and will not want halfcarefully the

and how

as

much

attention.

If

only a fraction of the attention given in potting

other things was extended to the Orchids what a different resultsee.

we shouldfill

In potting

we crock our

pots as for ordinary plants, not half

them

with crocks, then gradually work lumps of material between the roots,filling

up with

finer

mixture as we go on, so that the plant has the same

rooting

medium

at the

bottom

of the pot as at the top.

We

do not top up

with moss, but just finish

off neatly

about an inch or so from the rim,has beenfor aI

according to the size of the pot.usingit

If the material

damped

before

will settle firmly,I

and not require wateringin favour of top-dressing.it,

few days after

potting.

am

not

much

would rather pot a

Cypripedium than top-dressthey are potted, as they areflowers are wanted they

as Cypripediums are so different in rootingIt

and growing from the majority of Orchids.

much matter when always growing and rooting. Of course if finedoes not

must be potted a reasonable time before their flowering season. Newly potted plants should be staged by themselves, then no mistakes will be made in watering. Syringe between the pots each

January, 1909]

THE ORCHID KEVlZW

\%

day, and overhead as well, and the plants will soon get established again, especially if the temperature can b?. raised 5 to io to help them to startagain.

If

Temperatures should be kept the blinds are run down at nightboileris

as even as possible during thisit

month.

will

be found a great help, especially

where a

not over large.

The

temperatures should run about as follows

:

Cool house, night 50

,

day 55,

.

Intermediate house, night 55 day6o. Cattleya house, night 6o, day 65.

Stove or East Indian house, night 65

,

day

7-

Houses should be damped so as to prevent a fiery smell being noticed when entering them, always remembering one is growing Orchids, not Cacti.Orchidswill not thrive in a

dry atmosphere.:

EPIDENDRUMWhen(O.R.xi. p. 6) it

x

KEWENSE A MENDELIAN EXPERIMENT.Epidendrum X kewense was described:

the interesting

six years

ago

was remarked

"

A

few flowers have been

self-fertilised,

and

if

the hybrid proves fertile the results should be specially interesting, for

Mendel's theory assumes that the gemmules of hybrids remain pure, andthereforeself- fertilised

seedlings ought to revert in certain characters."to nothing,

The

fertilised flowers

came(all

and

I

therefore fertilised the hybrid with

both

its

parents

being in flower together), and also reversed the crosses,p. 58).

with results that have already been described {O.R. xv.later,

Over a yearto self-

when

the plants were stronger, another attempt was

made

fertilise

the flowers, and this time a good capsule and abundance of seedsxiv. p.

were obtained (O.R.

272

;

xv. p. 58).its first

And now one

of the seedlings,

and with others, some of which are showing spikes, has been sent to Kew. The first result is that E. X kewense has reproduced itself true from seed, for parent and offspringflowers,

raised at Burford, has

expanded

resemble each other almost as closely as in the case of seedlings of a pure Whether the other seedlings will behave in the same way remains species.to be proved, so that further discussion of the subjectIt

may

be postponed.

may, however, be added that about six other spikes are showing, also spikes on the secondary hybrids between E. X kewense and both its original parents, while E. X kewense is already in flower, so that there should be some interesting material for comparison very shortly. Boththese secondary hybrids produced

weak

spikes last year, but the results

were held over

in the

hope that

this year a

more

definite opinion of the

whole

problem could be formed. It would be interesting to self-fertilise E. X O'Brienianum, for the parents show well-marked differences, both in floral

and vegetative characters.

R. A. Rolfe.

I4

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

[January,

t

9 o