The Opening of the The Opening of the AtlanticAtlantic

A Shift in TradeA Shift in Trade

•Europe started to use the ocean Europe started to use the ocean trade routes more then land routestrade routes more then land routes

•Venice, Italy lost their monopoly Venice, Italy lost their monopoly on trade with Indiaon trade with India

•The Americas proved to be very The Americas proved to be very profitable for trade with their profitable for trade with their lush forest, clear stream, and lush forest, clear stream, and other natural resources.other natural resources.

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange

• Explorers carried Explorers carried plants, animals, and plants, animals, and diseases to the new diseases to the new world. They brought world. They brought back plants and back plants and animals to the “old animals to the “old world”world”

• Indians used European Indians used European animals such as animals such as horses, pigs, and horses, pigs, and cattle for food and cattle for food and transportationtransportation

Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange cont.cont.• Measles, smallpox, and typhus were Measles, smallpox, and typhus were diseases brought over by Europeans. diseases brought over by Europeans.

• Indians did not have an immune Indians did not have an immune system against these diseasessystem against these diseases

• Hundreds of thousands of Indians Hundreds of thousands of Indians died from thisdied from this

• One explorer wrote, “of the original One explorer wrote, “of the original 1,000,000 Indians on the island only 1,000,000 Indians on the island only 500 are left, Oveido.”500 are left, Oveido.”

MeaslesMeasles

• It first shows up on the It first shows up on the head, face, and neck. It head, face, and neck. It then travels to the abdomen then travels to the abdomen and, finally, to the arms and, finally, to the arms and legs. and legs.

• At first, the rash consists At first, the rash consists of flat, red patches. of flat, red patches. Eventually, bumps appear. Eventually, bumps appear. The rash may or may not be The rash may or may not be itchy. itchy.

• As the rash develops, the As the rash develops, the patient's temperature patient's temperature begins to rise and may so begins to rise and may so as high as 105°F (40.5°C). as high as 105°F (40.5°C).

• Other symptoms include Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and swollen lymph nodes. and swollen lymph nodes. The patient usually feels The patient usually feels very ill.very ill.

TyphusTyphus

• When lice feed on a When lice feed on a human, they may human, they may simultaneously defecate. simultaneously defecate.

• When the person When the person scratches the bite, the scratches the bite, the feces (which carry’s the feces (which carry’s the bacteria) are scratched bacteria) are scratched into the wound. into the wound.

• Body lice are common in Body lice are common in areas in which people areas in which people live in overcrowded, live in overcrowded, dirty conditions, with dirty conditions, with few opportunities to few opportunities to wash themselves or their wash themselves or their clothing clothing

SmallpoxSmallpox

• Throughout history, Throughout history, smallpox has been a smallpox has been a greatly feared greatly feared disease. disease.

• It has been It has been responsible for huge responsible for huge epidemics worldwide. epidemics worldwide.

• The disease has The disease has caused great caused great suffering and many suffering and many deaths. deaths.

• Smallpox is now Smallpox is now thought to have been thought to have been eliminated from the eliminated from the Earth. Earth.

Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage

• Europeans looked for a route through Europeans looked for a route through North America to the Pacific. “The North America to the Pacific. “The Northwest Passage”Northwest Passage”

• A passage was never found but North A passage was never found but North America was being explored even America was being explored even more, including Canada and the more, including Canada and the Hudson Bay/ St. Lawrence RiverHudson Bay/ St. Lawrence River

• This led to Europe's increase This led to Europe's increase interest in the North Americainterest in the North America

Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage