THE NORTH AMERICANTHE NORTH AMERICANMANUFACTURING COREMANUFACTURING CORE

(CHAPTER 5: PART 1)(CHAPTER 5: PART 1)

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The The manufacturing coremanufacturing core is outlined on the map is outlined on the map on page 89 of the text. on page 89 of the text.

Although it straddles the U.S.- Canadian boarder, Although it straddles the U.S.- Canadian boarder, the the international boundaryinternational boundary has little impact on has little impact on the region's shape. the region's shape.

Heavy manufacturingHeavy manufacturing is concentrated throughout is concentrated throughout the Ohio Valley, Megalopolis, and along the the Ohio Valley, Megalopolis, and along the southern shores of the Great Lakes. southern shores of the Great Lakes.

The western part of the region blends with the The western part of the region blends with the agricultural coreagricultural core. .

NORTH AMERICA’S MANUFACTURING CORE

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS

Core areaCore areaAccessibility resourcesAccessibility resourcesHeavy industryHeavy industryHinterlandHinterland

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS

Core AreaCore Area The portion of a country that contains its economic, The portion of a country that contains its economic,

political, intellectual, and cultural focus political, intellectual, and cultural focus Often the center of creativity and change Often the center of creativity and change Can be approximated by viewing the region of greatest Can be approximated by viewing the region of greatest

overlap among the cultural, political and economic overlap among the cultural, political and economic heartlandsheartlands

Accessibility ResourcesAccessibility Resources Naturally occurring landscape features that facilitate the Naturally occurring landscape features that facilitate the

interaction between places. interaction between places. Navigable waterways - rivers and the Great LakesNavigable waterways - rivers and the Great LakesProvided distinct advantages to the manufacturing coreProvided distinct advantages to the manufacturing core

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS(continued)(continued)

Heavy IndustryHeavy Industry The conversion of large volumes of raw materials and The conversion of large volumes of raw materials and

partially processed materials into products of higher valuepartially processed materials into products of higher value Involves considerable capital investments in large machinery Involves considerable capital investments in large machinery

and heavy energy consumption and heavy energy consumption Relatively small acreages of heavy industrial activity may Relatively small acreages of heavy industrial activity may

account for enormous percentages of overall production.account for enormous percentages of overall production. Only 3% of the total land area of the U.S. and Canada Only 3% of the total land area of the U.S. and Canada

accounts for >50% of the steel production and 71% of all accounts for >50% of the steel production and 71% of all cars.cars.

STEELPRODUCTION

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS(continued)(continued)

HinterlandHinterlandThe area tributary to a place, which is linked to The area tributary to a place, which is linked to

that place through lines of exchange or that place through lines of exchange or interaction interaction

Usually refers to "the country behind"Usually refers to "the country behind"A surrounding area that is served by an urban A surrounding area that is served by an urban

center center

MANUFACTURING COREMANUFACTURING CORE

LocationLocation - Examine the map on page 88. - Examine the map on page 88. MILLION DOLLAR QUESTIONMILLION DOLLAR QUESTION: Why is the manufacturing : Why is the manufacturing

core located as depicted?core located as depicted? HINTHINT: The location of : The location of anyany manufacturing center depends manufacturing center depends

upon the availability of the following basic requirements:upon the availability of the following basic requirements:raw materialsraw materialslaborlabora market a market transportationtransportationenergy availabilityenergy availability

KEY ADVANTAGESKEY ADVANTAGES(of the Manufacturing Core)(of the Manufacturing Core)

1. 1. Raw MaterialsRaw Materials - Enormous reserves of coal and - Enormous reserves of coal and iron ore are available within the core region.iron ore are available within the core region.

2. 2. LaborLabor - In its infancy, the core benefited from - In its infancy, the core benefited from thousands of immigrants in search of manual labor thousands of immigrants in search of manual labor type jobs. Today, the region still houses a major type jobs. Today, the region still houses a major concentration of the country's population.concentration of the country's population.

3. 3. MarketMarket - The core possesses a large internal - The core possesses a large internal market as well as being accessible to other regional market as well as being accessible to other regional markets, Canada, and abroad.markets, Canada, and abroad.

KEY ADVANTAGESKEY ADVANTAGES(of the Manufacturing Core)(of the Manufacturing Core)

4. 4. TransportationTransportation - The Ohio River System and the - The Ohio River System and the Great Lakes have proved to be tremendous Great Lakes have proved to be tremendous accessibility resources. Major valleys (such as the accessibility resources. Major valleys (such as the Ohio, Mohawk, and Susquehanna) have facilitated Ohio, Mohawk, and Susquehanna) have facilitated the construction of railroads, and more recently, the construction of railroads, and more recently, interstate highways.interstate highways.

5. 5. EnergyEnergy - Water power, later oil, and now coal for - Water power, later oil, and now coal for burning in power plants, make this an energy rich burning in power plants, make this an energy rich region.region.

PHYSIOGRAPHICREGIONS

NORTH AMERICA’SFOSSIL FUELS

COAL FIELDS

THE STEEL CITY

MORPOLOGY OF THE US URBAN-MORPOLOGY OF THE US URBAN-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPEINDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE

WHENWHEN did the pattern evolve? did the pattern evolve?WHERE WHERE were the key hubs?were the key hubs?WHYWHY were these places important? were these places important?HOWHOW did individual cities contribute to did individual cities contribute to

regional and national patterns?regional and national patterns?WHAT were the WHAT were the underlying processesunderlying processes??

BORCHERT'S MODELBORCHERT'S MODEL

The historical growth of the U.S. urban systemThe historical growth of the U.S. urban system Based on key changes in Based on key changes in transportation transportation and and

industrial energyindustrial energy1790-1830 (Sail Wagon Epoch)1790-1830 (Sail Wagon Epoch)

An era characterized by slow, primitive overland and An era characterized by slow, primitive overland and waterway movement waterway movement

Boston, New York, and PhiladelphiaBoston, New York, and Philadelphia1830-1870 (Iron Horse Epoch)1830-1870 (Iron Horse Epoch)

The period that witnessed the arrival and spread of the The period that witnessed the arrival and spread of the steam powered railroad and small-scale industrysteam powered railroad and small-scale industry

Pittsburgh, Chicago, and DetroitPittsburgh, Chicago, and Detroit

BORCHERT'S MODELBORCHERT'S MODEL(continued)(continued)

--1870-1920 (Steel Rail Epoch)1870-1920 (Steel Rail Epoch) Coincided with the American industrial revolution. Coincided with the American industrial revolution. The steel industry thrived.The steel industry thrived.

--1920-1960 (Auto-Air Amenity Epoch)1920-1960 (Auto-Air Amenity Epoch) Marked the final stage of industrial urbanization Marked the final stage of industrial urbanization

and maturation of the U.S. urban system. and maturation of the U.S. urban system. The gasoline engine made a significant impact.The gasoline engine made a significant impact. Automobiles, trucks, and airplanes served to Automobiles, trucks, and airplanes served to

enhance mobility and accessibility.enhance mobility and accessibility.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EPOCH (1960-PRESENT)EPOCH (1960-PRESENT)

As an extension of Borchert's ModelAs an extension of Borchert's Model Applies to the U.S. and Canada Applies to the U.S. and Canada Economies have become more dependent on the Economies have become more dependent on the

production and exchange of information, rather production and exchange of information, rather than manufacturing.than manufacturing.

Earlier locational advantages may not Earlier locational advantages may not necessarily provide developmental advantages necessarily provide developmental advantages during the information technology era.during the information technology era.

THE NORTH AMERICANTHE NORTH AMERICANMANUFACTURING COREMANUFACTURING CORE

(CHAPTER 5: PART 1)(CHAPTER 5: PART 1)