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The New ISO 10723 Advances and new concepts in the performance evaluation and benchmarking of online natural gas analysers. Dr Paul Holland BD Director, EffecTech Group

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Page 1: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

The New ISO 10723

Advances and new concepts in the performance evaluation and benchmarking of on‐line natural gas analysers.

Dr Paul HollandBD Director, EffecTech Group

Page 2: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Natural gas quality measurementcomposition (content) of natural gas• inert gases

nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, (argon & hydrogen)

• hydrocarbons

methane, ethane, propane, iso‐butane, n‐butane, pentanes, hexanes + ......

properties (characteristics) of natural gas• calorific value, Wobbe number, standard density (ISO 6976)

• compression factor, line density (ISO 12213)

• hydrocarbon dew point (ISO 23874)

• emission factors

Page 3: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Energy determination

Page 4: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Risks in energy metering 

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Annual Value / €

U(Energy) / %

Typical gas fired power stationPower output : 500 MWEnergy Price : €60 / MWh

Typical

Page 5: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Gas quality measurement instruments

Page 6: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Legal / commercial requirementslegislation

• customer protection (example in UK law)

Public Gas Transporters (PGTs) shall carry out performance evaluations of gas quality metering instruments in accordance with ISO 10723 following installation or maintenance.  Provided that the results of the procedure show that the error on the calculated calorific value of transmission gas will not exceed 0.10 MJ.m‐3 for gas compositions allowed in the system, the PGT may then use that instrument for the determination of calorific values for the purposes of section 12 of the Gas Act 1986.” 

• control of GHG emissions (example in EU directive)

commercial gas contracts• sales gas agreements / contracts (end‐users)

• allocation agreements (upstream)

Page 7: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values
Page 8: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Revision of ISO 10723 : 1995revision to existing standard required for • inclusion of measurement uncertainties

instrument precision, instrumental errors

working calibration gas

• compliance with GUM

• more rigorous assessment of errors and uncertainties of measurement of

composition (gas content amount fraction)

gas properties (calculated from composition)

revision by• ISO/TC193/WG15 (with liaison from ISO/TC158)

• Drafting by G Squire (EffecTech, UK) and D Lander (NGG, UK)

Page 9: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

ISO/DIS 10723 : 2011 ‐ ScopeDetermine E(x), E(P) and U(x), U(P) over a pre‐defined range of compositions for each specified component

Determine a range of compositions for each specified component which satisfy pre‐

defined maximums in E(x), E(P) and U(x), U(P) 

using a specified calibration gas composition and uncertainty

calibration gas redesigncomposition and uncertainty 

Page 10: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Instrument errors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

response / (peak area)

content / (% mol/mol)

y=Fass(x)

xcal

Page 11: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Instrument errors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

response / (peak area)

content / (% mol/mol)

y=Fass(x)

y=Ftrue(x)

xcal

Page 12: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Instrument errors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

response / (peak area)

content / (% mol/mol)

y=Fass(x)

y=Ftrue(x)

xcal

Page 13: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Instrument errors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

response / (peak area)

content / (% mol/mol)

y=Fass(x)

y=Ftrue(x)

xcal

Page 14: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Challengemeasurement of TRUE (actual) response functions for the instrument for all components (i=1..q)• calibration functions

y = Fi,true(x) 

• analysis functions 

x = Gi,true(y)

function types for F & G• polynomials of order 1, 2 or 3

yi = Fi,true(xi) = a0 + a1xi + a1xi2 + a3xi3

xi= Gi,true(yi) = b0 + b1yi + b2yi2 + b3yi3

Page 15: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Design of reference gasesa series of reference gases is measured by the instrument being calibrated

components included in reference gases• depends on application

range of composition• equal or greater than that expected to be measured by the 

instrument (no extrapolation)

number of mixtures • dependent upon expected order of F and G

3 (1st order), 5 (2nd order), 7 (3rd order)

• approximately equally spaced within the range

Page 16: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

ISO 10723 ‐ Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems

• ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases

• well established reference values & uncertainties

• 7 ‐10 cylinders each containing 10,11 or 12 components

• wide range natural gas compositions

Page 17: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Experimental design

replicate measurements

referencegases

Batch‐wise calibration simplest / manual / most practical (p gas changes) temporal drift has more significance

Page 18: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

replicate measurements

referencegases

Drift compensation calibration compensates for temporal drift (due to sample size effects) automation required 

Experimental design

Page 19: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Drift correctionSamples are injected at (or with reference to) ambient pressure.response � effective sample size � ambient pressure

Batch‐wise calibration Drift compensation calibration

yijk = y’ijk . Pref / Pijk

measure ambient pressure at time of sample injection (Pijk)

Page 20: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Gas fired power station

Page 21: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Gas fired power station

Page 22: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Witnessed factory evaluation

Page 23: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

LNG receiving terminal

Page 24: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Custody transfer border station

Page 25: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Drift compensation calibration (automated)

Page 26: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Offshore allocation / sales gas

Page 27: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Regression analysisparameters F and G are calculated using GLS• maximum liklihood functions relationships (MLFR)

• uncertainties in both variables (amount and response)

• procedure identical to that prescribed in ISO 6143

response functions validated for each component and in each domain F and G using ISO 6143

Page 28: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Calibration results

Page 29: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Errorscontent / amount fraction & properties• assumed 

• true

• measured amount following calibration (where functions coincide)

• normalise

• errors

)(, iassii yGx )(, itrueii xFy

))(())((

.,,,

,,,,

*,

calitrueiassi

trueitrueiassicalimeasi xFG

xFGxx

*

,

*,

,measi

measimeasi x

xx

trueimeasimeasi xxx ,,,

truemeasmeas PPP

Page 30: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Uncertainties in errors

contributions from• calibration gas

• instrument precision

properties• any property / characteristic calculated from composition

)( ,calixu

)( & )( ,, measicali yuyu

),...,,,,...,,( 2121 mn wwwxxxfP

)()()( 2

1

22

1

22

i

m

i ii

n

i ic wu

wfxu

xfPu

Page 31: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

produce a off‐line model of instrument• errors as a function of amount fraction

• repeatability as a function of amount fraction

• uncertainties as a function of amount fraction

use Monte Carlo simulation• generate 10,000 different gas compositions

• for each composition calculate

errors in physical properties

uncertainties in physical properties

Off‐line model

Page 32: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Errors and uncertainties on errors

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

E(CVSUP) / MJ.m-3

methane content / (% mol/mol)

Page 33: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Error distribution

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

E(CVSUP) / MJ.m-3

methane content / (% mol/mol)

Page 34: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Mean error (bias)

-0.16

-0.14

-0.12

-0.10

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

78 83 88 93 98

E(CVSUP) / MJ.m-3

methane content / (%mol/mol)

Maximum Permissible Bias (MPB)mean error = bias  ‐ B(P)

MPBP

Page 35: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Uncertainty on mean error

-0.16

-0.14

-0.12

-0.10

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

78 83 88 93 98

E(CVSUP) / MJ.m-3

methane content / (%mol/mol)

Maximum Permissible Error (MPE)uncertainty on the mean error

≈ uncertainty on bias ‐ U(B(P)) MPEPUP c

Page 36: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Errors and uncertainties ‐ summary

Page 37: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Example – design of calibration gas

Page 38: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Example – design of calibration gas

xC1,cal = 0.88mean E(CV) = 0.001 ± 0.061 MJ.m‐3

Page 39: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Example – design of calibration gas

xC1,cal = 0.88mean E(CV) = 0.001 ± 0.061 MJ.m‐3

xC1,cal = 0.81mean E(CV) = 0.000 ± 0.028 MJ.m‐3

Page 40: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Analysis function correction ‐ superior CV

Page 41: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Instrument errors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

response / (peak area)

content / (% mol/mol)

y=Fass(x)

y=Ftrue(x)

xcal

Page 42: The New ISO 10723 · 2018-11-27 · ISO 10723 ‐Performance evaluations of on‐line analytical systems •ISO 17025 accredited calibration gases •well established reference values

Dove HouseDove FieldsUttoxeterStaffordshireST14 8HUUnited Kingdom

tel : +44 (0)1889 569229e‐mail : [email protected]‐site : www.effectech.co.uk

ISO9001:2008 FS 554539