the nature of science - mrsproles.weebly.com€¦ · nature of science . what is scientific...
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Nature of Science
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What is scientific literacy
& why is it important?
Video: Neil deGrasse Tyson
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Skeptic
Questions the validity or authenticity of
claims
Believes that extraordinary claims
require extraordinary evidence
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Two Types of Science
Pure Science research that adds to the body of scientific
knowledge
has no practical use
Applied Science (Technology) the practical application of scientific knowledge
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EXAMPLES
PURE human genetics
polymer science
atomic theory
study of the human ear
APPLIED DNA fingerprinting
Lycra® spandex
nuclear weapons
hearing aids
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Branches of Science
Life Science
Earth/Space Science
Physical Science
• the study of living organisms (biology)
• the study of our planet and the
universe
• the study of matter (chemistry) and
energy (physics)
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Scientific Method
1. Determine the problem.
2. Make a hypothesis (testable prediction).
3. Test your hypothesis.
4. Collect and analyze data.
5. Draw conclusion.
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Scientific Method
1. Determine the problem.
Do I run faster while listening to no music or listening to
Drake on my iPod?
2. Make a hypothesis.
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Scientific Method
3. Test your hypothesis.
4. Analyze the results.
5. Draw conclusions.
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Experimental Design
Experiment - organized procedure for
testing a hypothesis
Key Components:
• Variable – something that changes during an
experiment
• Control - standard for comparison
• Constants – anything that remains the same
throughout the experiment
• Repeated trials - for reliability
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Experimental Design
Types of Variables
Independent Variable
• adjusted by the experimenter
• what you vary
Dependent Variable
• changes in response to the independent variable
• what you measure
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Observations
Observations refer to noting a fact or
occurrence by using our senses.
We make observations by using our sight,
smell, touch, taste, and our ability to hear.
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Qualitative and Quantitative Observations
Qualitative observations describe the
quality of an object, such as a objects
color, shape, and size.
Quantitative observations are based
on measuring and include numbers.
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Observations
Read the following examples
and then decide if the example
is qualitative or quantitative.
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It is light green in color.
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It tastes sour.
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One leaf is 9 cm long.
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It makes a loud pop sound.
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The mass of the
computer is 1.5 kg.
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It gets darker over a period of time.
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The flowers smell sweet.
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Leaves are stiff.
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The temperature of the
room increases by 8
degrees C.
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The football player ran 19
yards.
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Inferences
Inferences are an explanation for an observation. They
are based on previous knowledge.
Example:
Observation: The grass in front of the school is wet.
Possible Inferences:
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Does Wheel Size Affect
Skateboarding Speed?
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Design your own experiment:
Problem: Does wheel size affect skateboard speed?
Hypothesis:
Test
Control
Constants
Independent Variable (what you change)
Dependent Variable (what you measure)
Materials
Procedure
Data
Analyze Data
Draw Conclusion