the mughal dynasty
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The Mughal Dynasty
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The Mughal Dynasty Period Between 1500-1800 1. Great Empire a. foreigners and Muslim 2. From mountainous region north of the Indus river valley
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The Mughal DynastyBabur - descendent 1. Asian conqueror Tamerlane 2. Genghis Khan - inherited upland river area of Syr Darya - lead a group of warriors 1. seized Kabul in 1504 2. 1517 crossed the Khyber Pass 3. fights Indians a. outnumbered b. wins * capture Delhi - Dies 1530
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The Mughal DynastyAkbar - grandson of Babur - took over when he was 14 - very intelligent - extends rule over most of subcontinent(1605) 1. heavy artillery 2. semi-autonomous states
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The Mughal DynastyKnown for his Humane Rule 1. accepted the diversity of Indian civilization a. religious tolerance * allowed Hindus to serve in court * allowed the Jesuits b. allowed Hindus to serve in court c. took Hindu wives as some of his princesses
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The Mughal Dynasty
Tolerant Administration 1 high officials were Muslims 2. lower officials were Hindu 3. Zamindars (Local Officials) a. paid in land b. peasants farmed land for the officials * 1/3 of a peasants salary taxed * taxes flexible
Political Stability Allowed Industry to Flourish
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The Mughal Dynasty
Jahangir - court fell into the hands of his wives a. Nur Jahan * used her position to increase her families wealth
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The Mughal DynastyShah Jahan 1. son of Nur Jahan 2. ruler in 1627 a. killed rivals 3. failed at internal problems a. inherited empty treasury * Nur Jahan b. majority of subjects in horrible poverty c. military campaigns & building project * raise taxes d. Transportation Problems * nothing done
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The Mughal Dynasty
As the famine increased, men abandoned towns and villages and wandered helplessly. It was easy to recognize their condition: eyes sunk deep in head, lips pale and covered with slime, the skin hard, with the bones showing through, the belly nothing but a pouch hanging down empty, knuckles and knee-caps showing prominently. One would cry and howl for hunger, while another lay stretched on the ground dying in misery; wherever you went, you saw nothing but corpses.
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The Mughal DynastyStruggle for Power Aurangzeb - kills his brother - imprisons his father - devoutly Muslim - good things 1. forbid Hindu suttee 2. forbid illegal taxes 3. forbid gambling and drinking (failed) - bad things 1. new Hindu temples forbidden 2. non-Muslims driven from court 3. Hindus forced to convert to Islam