The Missouri Compromise provided thatMissouri be admitted as a slave state, Mainebe admitted as a free state, and

A. all of the Louisiana Territory north of the northern boundary of Missouri be closed to slavery.

B. all of the Louisiana Territory north of 36°30’ be closed to slavery.

C. the entire Louisiana Territory be open to slavery.D. the lands south of 36°30’ be guaranteed to slavery and the

lands north of it negotiable.E. all of the Louisiana Territory north of the southern

boundary of Missouri be closed to slavery for 30 years.

A Slave Boy Learns a Lesson James Hammond Proclaims Cotton King

What Do You Know:

What Can You Infer:

What Do You Know:

What Can You Infer:

» Examine your assigned documents: What do you know? (facts derived from

the document) What can you infer? (conclusions,

connections, significance)» Please write the information on your

own paper.

Arguments in Favor Arguments in Opposition

Who tends to support Who tends to oppose

Was slavery more of a burden or a benefit to Antebellum

America?

Characteristics of Characteristics of the Antebellum the Antebellum

SouthSouth

Characteristics of Characteristics of the Antebellum the Antebellum

SouthSouth1.1. Primarily agrarian.Primarily agrarian.

2.2. Economic power shifted from the Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”“upper South” to the “lower South.”

3.3. ““Cotton Is King!”Cotton Is King!” * 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr. * 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). (57% of total US exports).

4.4. Very slow development of Very slow development of industrialization.industrialization.

5.5. Rudimentary financial system.Rudimentary financial system.

6.6. Inadequate transportation system.Inadequate transportation system.

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”

[plantation owners][plantation owners]

The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]

6,000,0006,000,000

Black FreemenBlack Freemen

Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,0003,200,000

250,000250,000

Total US Population --> Total US Population --> 23,000,00023,000,000

[9,250,000 in the South = 40%][9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

Southern Population Southern Population (1860)(1860)

Southern Population Southern Population (1860)(1860)

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

» Invention of cotton gin made cotton the staple Southern crop.

» Northern merchants and textile mills, as well as Europe, depended on Southern cotton production – King Cotton.

» By 1840, 50% of U.S. export profits were from cotton.

» Demand for cotton = demand for slaves.

» Agricultural focus produced unstable economy Exhausted land Fluctuating prices Discouraged industry and

immigration “false” prosperity

» Plantation system Economy and government

run by small group Social Stratification

• Planter elite• Small farmers• Poor whites

Southern Southern AgricultureAgricultureSouthern Southern

AgricultureAgriculture

Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction

Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction

18201820

18601860

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports

» Unequal distribution most slaves owned by planter elite poor whites still defended b/c

dreamed of being slave owners and racial superiority

» Sustaining Slavery importation outlawed in 1808 were investment, so wanted to keep

slaves alive and encourage procreation

majority of the population in the deep south; development of slave culture

» Treatment of Slaves sources of labor and sexual

satisfaction long hours and harsh conditions beatings separation of families

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

» By slaves work slowly steal sabotage equipment poison owners rebel or run away

» By abolitionists American Colonization Society (1817)

• Liberia (1822) American Anti-Slavery Society (1833)

• William Lloyd Garrison• The Liberator

Sojourner Truth; Frederick Douglas

» Racial inequality common in the north

» 90% of slaves lived on plantations or farms» Most slaves on cotton plantations worked

sunup to sundown, 6 days/week» About 75% of slaves were field workers, about

5% worked in industry» Urban slaves had more autonomy than rural

slaves

» Normal family life difficult for slaves˃ fathers cannot always protect children ˃ families vulnerable to breakup by masters

» Most reared in strong, two-parent families» Extended families provide nurture, support amid

horror of slavery» Slave culture a family culture that provided a sense of

community

Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance1. “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used

as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].

Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance2. Refusal to work hard.

3. Isolated acts of sabotage.

4. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

The Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of Slavery1. Black Christianity [Baptists or

Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.

2. “Pidgin” or Gullah languages.

3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible.

4. Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].

» Tightened slave codes» Paternalistic argument» Religious argument» Comparisons to

Northern factories» Economic necessity for

the entire nation

» Using information gathered from at least three of the sources we examined today, answer the following:

Was slavery more of a burden or a benefit to Antebellum America?

**DON’T QUOTE the documents – use inferences drawn from the documents

**response should be a minimum of a 5-sentence paragraph