‘Language, Settlement ‘Language, Settlement & Long-term History in Upper Nubia’

The Mahas Archaeological Survey, 2002

A Preliminary Report

Ali Osman (University of Khartoum)

David N Edwards (University of Leicester)

Assisted by

Dr. Intisar Soghayroun El-Zein, Azhari Mustafa Sadig,

Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Magiid, Ahmed Hussein,

Abdel Rahman Ibrahim, Rihab Shambol,

Rihab Khaliil

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‘Language, Settlement & Long-term History in Upper Nubia’ The Mahas Survey, 2002

Introduction During spring 2002 (Jan-March ) the archaeological survey returned to the Third Cataract region for a further field season, and was able to carry out a range of work in a number of areas within the region. Survey work began on the islands of Simit, Musul and Nab, near the southern end of the Mahas region. No previous archaeological work had been carried out on these islands. This work identified and began recording over 45 new sites, of many periods. These include at least one major medieval fortified site, many post-medieval Diffis, at least one medieval church, medieval settlements and cemeteries, as well as small numbers of prehistoric sites (including Palaeolithic material) and rock drawings. One discovery of some interest during the season was some evidence for an ‘Ottoman’ presence of some kind on both Simit and Musul islands, at some time during the period from the late 16th-18th centuries. While, as yet, the nature of this presence remains unclear we are now beginning to acquire a significant body of information relating to this little-known period from a number of sites in the region. As well as working on the islands, some additional work was also carried out on the west bank of the river, with re-survey of areas downstream of Hannek, extending as far north as Fagirinfenti, at the boundary between Tajab and Jawgul. The area had initially be surveyed during an early reconnaissance of the region in 1990 (Edwards and Osman 1994), but we had not had the opportunity to revisit most of these areas in more recent years. However, following the work of the toponym survey in this area by Muhammed Jalaal Hashim during 2001 it was clear that further archaeological survey was required to cover a number of areas not fully investigated in 1990, while more detailed records were required of many sites. This additional work was able to identify more than 50 new sites in this area.

Further work was also carried out on the postmedieval elements of the large multi-period settlement at Nauri, which was probably one of the larger settlements in the region during the 16th-19th centuries. Some limited work was also carried out on other postmedieval/Islamic sites north of the Third Cataract, between Kajbar/Sabu and Delgo. The archaeological field team was led by Professor Ali Osman (Dept of Archaeology, University of Khartoum), and included Dr. Intisar Soghayroun El-Zein, Azhari Mustafa Sadig, Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Magiid, Ahmed Hussein, Abdel Rahman Ibrahim, Rihab Shambol, Rihab Khaliil, and the team was supported by Faisal Hassan Khaliil and Fatima Madhloom. We are grateful to the NCAMS for granting the survey license and the University of Khartoum for supporting the project. Thanks are due to the inhabitants of Simit, Musul and Nab, all our friends in Mashakeila and Nauri, and many others for all their participation, assistance and hospitality. Core funding for this season was provided by the Haycock Fund of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Further information on the Project may be found on: http://www.oldnubia.com Professor Ali Osman (University of Khartoum) D N Edwards (University of Leicester) December 2002

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SIMIT Simit is a large island c.5km long, fringed with a thin band of agricultural land and date palms, but with a barren and rocky interior. Most settlement is along the east side and around the north (downstream) end of the island. There are about 15 discrete settlements on the island, including Saab, Eshiig, Tebdikki, Kurtaanikki, Diyaabikki, Annassikki, Amankinynya, Kayyin, Shigil, Fiil, Deesabikki, Osmanikki, Suraay, Meinimikki, Abjaara Daawu and Abjjaara kuduud. The toponym survey visited the island in 2001 and the first archaeological survey was carried out during the spring of 2002.

Aerial view of northern end of Simit island (Simit Saab) showing fortification (SMT001) and Qubba

cemetery (SMT002) SMT 001 19°47.46/30°19.07 Saabindiffi, Fortification, Med?/post-medieval Large fortified settlement at northern tip of island. Irregular trapezoidal form with longest walls on N and W sides c.80m long, probably constructed mainly in mudbrick with some stone and reused redbrick, with later jalus additions. Gateway in S wall and large tower in centre of W wall and possibly four corner towers, all now heavily eroded. Possibly a medieval foundation but may be more recent. Further work required (Ref: topo1/120) SMT 002 19°47.29/30°19.24 Saab Qubba Cemetery post-medieval Islamic cemetery with 2 qubba tombs. The southern tomb (D:5.55m) is linked with Sheikh Ibrahim Nasr ibn Ahmed, the other (D:5.87m) with a Sheikh Hasan Shablo. A third circular structure (D:5.8m, H:2.76m) lies at the north end of the cemetery. (Refs: topo1/130)

SMT002, Qubba tombs

SMT002, Qubba tomb

SMT 003 19°46.18/30°19.94 Osmanikki Diffi post-medieval Poorly preserved diffi on river bank, with only west wall substantially preserved. (Ref: topo1/125) SMT 004 19°45.62/30°21.82 Shigilindiffi Diffi post-medieval Diffi facing the east bank on rocky outcrop, surrounded by cultivation, at southeast tip of island. Stone foundations and mud superstructure. Three towers survive and gate in S wall. (Ref: topo1/107)

SMT004, Shigilindiffi, from SW SMT 005 19°47.26/30°20.13 Diyaabikki Diffi post-medieval Stone diffi within modern settlement; inhabited until 1957. (Ref: topo1/115) SMT 006 19°47.34/30°19.14 Saab Cemetery Med/post-medieval

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Cemetery area to west of Saab village, partly covered by the modern settlement. Some N-S graves with mudbrick vaults covered with stones as well as E-W oriented graves, probably medieval (Christian). Some Postmeroitic pottery (‘X-Group’) has also been recovered from the area suggesting the presence of a pre-Christian cemetery. Site threatened by expanding settlement. Test excavations 2002. (Ref: 22/2)

SMT006, partially destroyed medieval Christian

burials with the village.

Complete ‘X-Group’ postmeroitic bowl from Saab

area of Simit SMT 007 19°47.27/30°19.96 Tabdikki Occupation Medieval Scatters of stone and sherds on low mound within hamlet. Parts of mudbrick structure survive with a second mudbrick structure to east, close to cultivated area. SMT 008 19°47.28/30°20.10 Diyaabikki Graves ? Scatters of human bone and coarse sherds on NW side of hamlet. SMT 009 19°46.67/30°21.38 Amankinynya Diffi Postmedieval Large diffi in centre of hamlet. Central elements are well-preserved, with jalus walls standing up to 4m. Three towers with entrance in SE corner tower. SMT 010 19°46.45/30°20.97 Amankinynya Graves? ? Four low stone-covered mounds to west of hamlet. No surface sherds. Further investigation required.

SMT 011 19°45.84/30°21.16 Fiil Occupation & Cemetery Med/post-medieval? Sherd scatters on low mounds close to cultivation with two probable cemetery areas to N and NE. Test excavations 2002. (Ref: 22/10)

SMT011, stone-covered tomb exposed in Fiil village. SMT 012 19°46.89/30°19.15 Abjaara Dawwi Graves ? Surface scatters of human bone within area of modern hamlet. Possible post-medieval sherds associated with them? Further investigation required. SMT 013 19°47.04/30°20.43 Diyaabikki Occupation Palaeolithic Lithic spreads over extensive area to SE of school, south of hamlet. SMT 014 19°47.02/30°20.34 Diyaabikki Graves? ? At least four possible circular grave mounds on raised pebble-covered rocky area. Eroded sherds and lithics also in the area; possibly not associated with graves. SMT 015 19°47.08/30°19.87 Cemetery ? ? Possible cemetery is rocky area of raised ground. Further investigation required. SMT 016 19°47.05/30°19.65 Cemetery ? Small group of low circular tumuli to SE of small hill. Abundant surface sherd scatters in area. Further investigation required. SMT 017 c.19°47.3/30°19.2 Mosque The main mosque of Simit is reputed to be of considerable age and was built by Sheikh Ibrahim Nasr Ibn Ahmed, possibly around 1700 although some traditions claim a date as early as c.1300 (700AH). (Ref: topo1/141) SMT 018 19°47.17/30°19.45 Eshiig Shrine Shrine of Fagiir Haj in cemetery in centre of island to west of Eshiig. Built in mudbrick as rectangular structure with mihrab. (Ref: topo1/134)

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SMT018, shrine of Fagiir Haj, from south NAB The small island of Nab, c.1.5km long, lies to the north of Simit. It has two main settlements, Saab and Shagiig. The inhabitants have long had a reputation as boat-builders and sailors.

Aerial photo of Nab island NAB001 19°48/30°19.125 Saab Qubba Cemetery Postmedieval Cemetery with 2 qubbas and shrine of Fagiir Iskitti on S side of hamlet of Saab, just to west of modern cemetery. Mudbrick shrine 6.4m diameter and 2m high. Anceint graves oriented E-W reported in area of shrines. (Ref: topo1/222-4)

NAB001, incomplete qubba or shrine in cemetery

NAB 002 19°48.048/30°19.22 Saab Diffi Postmedieval Ruined diffi on low rocky outcrop to E of qubba cemetery, at SE corner of village. Subrectangular with probably 3 towers in NW, SW and SE corners, measuring c.0 x 26m. Built in stone, mudbrick and jalus. Parts of mudbrick tower and jalus additions survive at SE corner, as well as southern half of W wall survive. (Ref: topo1/227)

NAB002, ruined diffi from N NAB 003 19°48.02/30°19.22 Saab Diffi Postmedieval Only small parts of foundations of diffi structure survive. (Ref: topo1/229) NAB 004 19°47.71/30°19.48 Konj Occupation/graves Neolithic/postmed Surface scatters of Neolithic sherds and lithics on low mound in area disturbed by postmedieval graves. NAB 005 19°47.64/30°19.54 Konj occupation Med/postmedieval Surface scatters of medieval and postmedieval sherds, and grindstones in area of small rocky outcrop. NAB 006 19°48.11/30°19.106 Saab Graves? ? Traces of stone structure to N of Qubba cemetery. Requires further investigation.

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MUSUL The small rocky island of Musul lies downstream of Simit and to the west of Nab. Like the other islands, it is quite barren and rocky and settlement is limited to a small number of hamlets mainly on the east side of the island: Gaame, Duwwiinikki, Hambujikki, Abjaalikki, Saab and Ireesikki. It was visited during the toponym survey during 2001 and the first archaeological survey was carried out in 2002.

Aerial view of Musul island

MSL 001 19°48.609/30°18.416 Saab Church? Medieval Part of a granite column lies E of the masiid, and probably indicates the site of a church in the vicinity. Ref:1/189 MSL 002 19°48.50/30°18.384 Jebel Saab Structure Postmedieval? Small stone structure with door in SW side. Associated with a Fagiir Idriis. Ref: 1/189, 22/20 MSL 003 19°48.32/30°18.30 Ireesikki Diffi Postmedieval Small poorly preserved structure on flat ground within hamlet. Elements of 2 towers built in stone and

jalus as well as parts of jalus walls on south and west side. Ref: 1/192, 22/18 MSL 004 19°48.11/30°18.64 Hambuujikki Diffi Postmedieval Diffi on east bank with 4 towers. Foundations of stone and mud superstructure with some mudbrick and redbrick elements. Reused decorated medieval sandstone block in NW tower. Ref: 1/195, 22/25

MSL004, Hambuujikki Diffi

MSL 005 19°48.23/30°18.62 Ab Jaalikki Rock Drawings Three groups of rock drawings, on east sides of rocks. Ref: 1/205-7 MSL 006 19°47.41/30°18.74 Gaame occupation Med/postmedieval Surface scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery in sandy area between houses and cultivation. Ref:22/1 MSL 007 19°47.33/30°18.696 Gaame occupation Med/postmedieval? Surface scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery in rocky area on S side of hamlet. Ref: 22/2 MSL 008 19°47.277/30°18.686 Gaame Rock Drawing Single drawing of animal of east-facing boulder, south of MSL008. Ref: 22/3 MSL 009 19°47.298/30°18.674 Gaame Structure (kiln?) Traces of circular redbrick structure, possibly a kiln. Medieval and postmedieval sherds scatters in area. Ref: 22/4 MSL 010 19°47.298/30°18.67 Gaame structures postmedieval? Several rough stone structures in rocky area. Sactters of medieval and postmedieval sherds in area. Ref 22/5 MSL 011 19°47.223/30°18.629 Gaame Structures postmedieval?

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Traces of jalus walls in area with dense scatters of medieval and postmedieval sherds and several grindstones. Ref: 22/6 MSL 012 19°47.28/30°18.56 Gaame Occupation Neolithic-Kerma Extensive scatters of lithics and sherds at foot of rocky area, west of MSL011. Ref:22/7 MSL 013 19°47.28/30°18.56 Gaame structure Med/postmedieval? Traces of stone foundations and sherd scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery. Ref: 22/8 MSL 014 19°47.335/30°18.543 Gaame Graves Medieval/postmedieval? Samll group of circular graves with stone surrounds, with surface scatters of bone and pottery. One N-S oriented grave noted to west of graves. Ref:22/9 MSL 015 19°47.38/30°18.40 Graves ? Small stone-covered mounds in open areas amongst rocks. Occasional sherds (some Neolithic?) in area. Ref: 22/10) MSL 016 19°47.309/30°18.29 Structures Med/Postmedieval? Several subcircular rough stone structures, 3-5m diameter, amongst rocks. Scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery in area. Ref: 22/11 MSL 017 19°47.438/30°18.43 Structure Med/Postmedieval? Poorly preserved rough stone structure, amongst rocks west of Gaame. Thin scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery in area. Ref: 22/12 MSL 018 19°47.586/30°18.579 Gaame cemetery & structure Med/postmedieval? Stone enclosure c. 10m across in area with sherd scatters and redbrick rubble, and probable medieval and postmedieval graves. Ref: 22/13 MSL 019 19°47.675/30°18.395 Structure ? Poorly preserved and irregular rough stone structures, amongst rocks west of Gaame. Thin scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery as well as possibly Kerma sherds in area. Possible tumuli. Ref: 22/14 MSL 020 19°47.679/30°18.271 Shrine Postmedieval? Rectangular stone structure, 4.5 x 1.9m, oriented E-W. No sherds in area but an iron axehead fixed in west side of structure. Ref: 22/15 MSL 021 19°48.003/30°18.34 Hambuujikki W structures Med/Postmedieval

Subcircular rough stone structure to W of hamlet amongst large outcropping boulders. Thin scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery. Ref: 22/16 MSL 022 19°48.064/30°18.258 Ireesikki S Occupation Kerma Surface scatters of Kerma sherds and lithics at foot of low rocky area, south of hamlet. Ref: 22/17 MSL 023 19°48.064/30°18.258 Structure postmedieval? Rough stone structure in open land NE of hamlet, Thin scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery. Ref: 22/19 MSL 024 19°48.381/30°18.502 Abjaalikki Occupation Med/postmedieval? Thin scatters of medieval/postmedieval pottery on small natural mound NW of hamlet. Ref: 22/22 MSL 025 19°48.27/30°18.48 Abjaalikki Graves Medieval? Probable medieval graves, some partly exposed N of modern cemetery. Ref: 22/23 MSL 026 19°48.121/30°18.465 Abjaalikki Shrine Postmedieval? Circular shrine with at least 2 graves within. Built of mudbrick, 4.3m diameter, o.8m high, inside modern cemetery, S of village. Ref: 22/24

WEST BANK SITES – HANNEK – TAJAB

This is an updated list of these west bank sites following additional fieldwork during 2001-2002. HNK001 19°42.69/30°21.8 Hannik Fortified Site A large post-medieval fortified site, on the edge of the river, just to the south of Hannek village. The core structure, is a rectangular diffi, measuring c.25 x 20m in the NE part of the complex is quite well-preserved. It has a large tower in the NW corner and another in the centre of the S wall, with walls standing up to 5m high in places. Much of the NE corner is eroded. To the S is a large subrectangular enclosure, covering c.1ha, of which parts of the W and S wall survive, and structures built against them – these are known locally as the ‘stables’ (= topo2/26 – c.19°42.61/ 30°21.67). Associated with the site is a rough stone barrier running west, which serves to define the Mahas frontier. The core is reputed to be the palace of the 'kings' and may represent the seat of one of the local governors of the post-medieval 'Koka kingdom'. The site has cultivation to the S and W and further fields are being established within the enclosure, threatening many of the surviving ruins. (Refs: 90/MH1a)

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HNK002 (90/2) 19°42.88/30°21.59 Hannek Occ/Cemetery? Kerma, Medieval/Islamic? This large site in open land NW of Hannek castle measures c.350 x 250m. Thin scatters of sherds include wheelmade medieval Christian material and less diagnostic, possibly post-medieval pottery and is probably a cemetery site, although no tomb superstructures were noted. Some Kerma period sherds were also noted within the cemetery area, including imported Egyptian marl wares. HNK003 (90/3) 19°43.61/30°21.84 Tifawer Habitation Pharaonic A low kom covered with grey sandstone rubble. Surface material includes small quantities of redbrick fragments, sherds of wheelmade and handmade pottery, including New Kingdom silt wares and marl wares and some Napatan pottery. Fragments of conical bread moulds were found, again probably of Napatan date. These surface remains and the presence of the bread moulds suggest that the kom may mark the site of a small temple. The site has been disturbed by the extension of a local agricultural scheme and is seriously threatened. HNK004 (90/4) 19°43.54/30°21.86 Tifawer Habitation – Kerma/Pharaonic This site lies just to the SE of HNK003 in an area of open land with dense scatters of sherds and pebbles over an area of c.7000m2. Surface material includes Kerma-type handmade pottery, rare lithics and Pharaonic wheelmade siltwares which may include both New Kingdom and some possible Napatan material. HNK005 19°42.696/30°21.678 Hannik Graves Post-Meroitic? Two large possible tumuli, S of Hannek, close to a modern cemetery. No surface sherds found. (topo2/30) HNK006 19°43.298/30°21.872 Hannik Hilla graves? Large stone-covered mound to W of Hannik Hilla; with at least one likely grave mound. No surface sherds noted. (topo2/4) HNK007 19°43.36/30°21.425 Hannik Sheikh Diyaab Shrine Postmedieval Circular grave to NW of Hannik, surrounded with stones. A shrine associated with a Sheikh Diyaab. Recent incense burners deposited by it. (topo2/31) HNK008 19°43.62/30°21.87 Hannik Rock Drawings A small group of rock drawings on a W-facing boulder in a small rocky area to E of HNK009. Includes early oared boat and animals, including a camel. (topo2/33)

HNK009 19°43.648/30°21.790 Hannik Cemetery Postmeroitic? Group of at least 9 large tumuli, surrounded with stones, midway between Tiifawiir and Hannik. Some recent disturbance of graves shows deep shafts. Occasional surface sherds. Further graves with stone outlines to E of tumuli, some probably oriented N-S. (topo2/32)

HNK009, tumulus cemetery HNK010 19°43.796/30°21.846 Hannik Structure? Postmedieval Small mounds covered with redbrick fragments. No sherds noted. (topo2/36-37) HNK 011 19°43.62/30°21.87 Hannik RockDrawings Small group of rockdrawings to E of HNK009 in rocky area, on W facing boulder. Include boat with oar, possible camel figure and possible scorpion. (Ref:topo2/33) HNK012 19°43.784/30°21.912 Hannik Occupation Neolithic Extensive scatters of sherds and lithics on margins of rocky outcrop. HNK013 19°43.91/30°21.662 Tifaawiir Faad rock gong+drawings Group of rock drawings on W-facing boulder in rocky outcrop to W of Tifaawir. Drawings include ovicaprines and cattle. Rock gong closeby (19°43.92/30°21.663). (topo2/53) HNK014 19°44.02/30°21.751 Tifawer Faad structure? Possible stone foundations from structure or possibly graves, SW of Tifaawir. No sherds in area. (Ref:topo2/51) HNK015 19°44.07/30°21.898 Tifawer Faad graves? Group of mounds, SE of Fad. Scatters of stone on surface. No sherds or bones visible. (Ref: topo2/49) HNK016 19°44.158/30°22.446 Tifawer Kisseenaarti ?church site?

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Extesnive spreads of redbrick rubble and sherds on the west side of the island. (Ref:topo2/59) HNK017 19°44.23/30°21.821 Tifawer Faad enclosure Rough stone foundations running south to area of rocks. Sherd scatters in vicinity, probably medieval. (topo2/52) HNK018 19°44.26/30°22.186 Tifawer Deekamindiffi Diffi Poorly preserved diifi to E of village and cultivation, close to the river bank. Stone foundations measuring c.28 x 24m. Parts of mudbrick superstructure survive in SW side, with parts of tower in NE corner. Well-preserved saqia pit with stone lining on E side of tower. (Ref: topo2/45) HNK019 19°44.316/30°22.102 Tifawer Shambaalinkid Rock drawings Series of rockdrawings, mainly cattle on large boulders to E of hamlet. (Ref: topo2/56) HNK020 19°44.352/30°21.976 Tifawer Cemetery Medieval? Group of circular graves, surrounded by small black stones. Scatters of medieval and brown-burnished handmade pottery in area. W of Tifaawiir, the site is threatened by building construction on the N and S side.(topo2/55) HNK021 19°44.50/30°22.086 Tifawer Graves ? Group of graves N of HNK022. Stone slab coverings visible on one example. Medieval and more recent pottery scatters in area. (topo2/54) HNK022 19°44.624/30°22.063 Tifaawir Fagiir Khayri shrine Shrine outlined in large stones, on N side of Islamic cemetery. (topo2/57) HNK023 topo2/64 19°44.67/30°22.128 Tifaawir rock drawings+sherds Several rock drawings on long rocky ridge passed by lorry track N of Tifaawir. In 4 main groups, with scatters of medieval and later sherds in their vicinity. 1) Cattle and circle-with-cross designs on N-facing boulder on W side of road. (topo2/64, 19°44.67/ 30°22.128)

HNK023/1: Cross & circle drawings, facing N.

2) Animal drawings (camel and goats?) on large W-facing boulder. (topo2/63,19°44.67/30°22.128) 3) (topo2/62,19°44.68/30°22.115) 4) Cattle drawings of W-facing boulder. (topo2/61,19°44.69/30°22.096) HNK024 19°44.694/30°22.072 Tifaawir structure? Postmedieval? Remains of small structure built in rough stone and mud, close to rocky outcrop. Some grindstones in the area and scatters of undiagnostic sherds. (topo2/60) HNK025 19°45.01/30°21.976 Ashshaw fagiir shrine Small shrine outlined in stones in SE part of modern cemetery, S of Ashaw village. (Ref:topo2/71) HNK026 19°45.10/30°21.997 Ashshaw Diffi Poorly preserved diffi, built in Jalus, located N of Ashaw in cultivation area. One tower survives. (Ref:topo2/70) HNK027 19°44.82/30°22.231 Ashaw Island Ashaw-kullenballe ruins Foundations of 4 rooms built of stone and jalus on W side of island. Scatters of medieval pottery and grindstone fragments noted in area. (Ref:topo2/74) HNK028 19°44.87/30°22.265 Ashaw Island Ashaw-kullenballe structure Small structure built in a mixture of jalus and mudbrick, c.4 x 5.5m; to N of HNK027. Scatters of medieval and postmedieval pottery and grindstones in area. (Ref: topo2/79) HNK029 19°44.72/30°22.402 (288?) Ashaw Island Ashaw-kullenballe occupation? Stone and pebble-covered mound, no sherds. Uncertain.(Ref: topo2/78) HNK030 19°44.69/30°22.337 Ashaw Is Occupation Medieval

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Extensive spreads of medieval pottery in rocky are on W side of island. (Ref: topo2/76) HNK031 19°44.671/30°22.323 Ashaw Is Occupation Medieval Extensive spreads of medieval pottery in rocky are on W side of island. (Ref: topo2/77) HNK 032 19°43.15/30°22.15 Hannik kisseenaarti Rock Drawings Several rock drawings and a rock gong 1) Rock Drawings (topo2/14,19°43.14/30°22.17) 2) Rock Drawings (topo2/11,19°43.16/30°22.14) 3) Rock Gong (topo2/12, 19°43.17/30°22.14) 4) Rock Drawings (topo2/10,19°43.17/30°22.14) HNK033 19°43.84/30°22.04 Hannik Diffi OshiinKoorid Diffi Poorly-preserved ruin of large diffi (c.40 x 50m) located on boundary between Hannik and Tiifaawir. Mainly stone foundations with some remnants of mudbrick internal structures in the NW corner. At least two towers. (topo:2/6) A number of other possible sites need confirmation: topo2/9, 19°43.21/30°22.16, Hannik kisseenaarti, cemetery? topo2/37, 19°43.78/30°21.99, Hannik, structures UCLA97/91, 19°43.21/30°21.71, Hannek, Occupation UCLA97/91,19°43.21/30°21.71, Hannek, Rock Drawings topo2/50 , 19°43.99/30°21.809, Tifawer Faad, rock drawings topo2/48, 19°44.00/30°21.92, Tifawer Faad, burnt soils topo2/46, 19°44.14/30°22.012, Tifawer Faad, ancient graves topo2/47, 19°44.22/30°22.015, Tifawer Faad, burnt soils topo2/75, 19°44.73/30°22.289, Ashaw Is ashaw-kullenballe, rock gong Simit West SMW001 (90/5) c.19°45.25/30°20.5 Simit West Cemetery? -- Medieval? On the ‘lower’ road close to the river, a thin scatter of medieval sherds on disturbed ground, probably the site of a medieval (Christian) cemetery. SMW002 (90/6) c.19°45.75/30°20 Abdelrahmanirki Habitation -- Kerma A large settlement site on raised ground on the S side of the main khor at Abdelrahmanirki, close to the river. The site covers an area of c.1.5ha and some structural remains (stone and mudbrick walls) are visible on the surface as well as Kerma pottery and some lithics. topo2/106 SMW003 (90/7) c.19°45.75/30°19.5

Abdelrahmanirki/Hooshaniki ? Cemetery Medieval? - Islamic? A poorly defined cemetery area W of the 'lower' lorry track and SW of Abdelrahmanirki village. Further investigation of the site is necessary to confirm its date. topo2/107 SMW004 (90/8) c.19°46.5/30°19.25 Fagirkullenballe Rock Drawings & shrine A small group of rock drawings on the W side of the 'lower' lorry track, midway between Abdelrahmanirki village and the qubba of Fagir Kullen Balle. Location also appears to serve as shrine. SMW005 (90/9) 19°46.635/30°18.636 Kullenballee Qubba tombs Islamic A well-preserved qubba of Fagir Kullen Balle lies just to the S of Fagirintawo hamlet. To the W of the standing qubba is another ruined circular mudbrick structure c.7m in diameter, standing up to 1.7m high. Appearing on De Gottberg’s map of the region, this qubba predates 1857. (topo2/118) SMW006 (90/10) 19°47.69/30°17.88 Hamadar Cemetery ? A probable cemetery area c.1.5km N of Hamadar in open land between the river and a range of rock outcrops. A thin scatter of pottery covers the area, including some late medieval (Christian) sherds. Further work is required to define the nature and date of this site. topo2/121 SMW007 19°45.414/30°21.223 Simit West Diffi Sheikh Musa Poorly preserved diffi, built of jalus. Currently used for storage and as an animal pen. (topo2/93) SMW008 19°45.409/30°21.053 Simit West Sh musa structures? Poorly preserved mud structure. No sherds. Date uncertain. (Ref: topo2/94) SMW009 19°45.42/30°20.848 Simit West Graves? ? Group of stone-covered mounds, probably graves. No surface sherds. (topo2/95) SMW010 19°45.09/30°20.631 Gaam uffa burning ,sherds Extensive spread of Neolithic, Kerma and more recent sherds on raised ground. (topo2/96) SMW011 19°44.61/30°20.875 Gaam uffa Occupation Extensive spread of Neolithic, Kerma and more recent sherds on raised ground. (topo2/97) SMW012 19°44.79/30°20.744 Gaam uffa Occupation Low mound on E side of wadi, c.3m high, with sherd scatters. (topo2/98)

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SMW013 19°44.843/30°20.708 Gaam uffa Occupation Kerma Large mound with extensive spreads of sherds including Kerma (Classic Kerma?) and some possible medieval material. (Ref: topo2/99) SMW014 19°44.849/30°20.815 Gaam uffa Occupation Neolithic Low mound with extensive scatters of lithics and Neolithic sherds SMW015 19°45.348/30°20.842 Simit West graves? Low mound S of canal covered with loose stones, possibly from grave mounds. No sherds. (topo2/101) SMW016 19°45.67630°20.365 Aminikki diffi Site of diffi, almost entirely destroyed, with the exception of a small part of S wall. Located in area of cultivation. (Ref: topo2/102) SMW017 19°45.60/30°20.222 Aminikki graves? A Large mound to W of hamlet, with scatters of stones, mudbricks and redbricks. Elements of stone slabs of tomb structures visible. Some disturbance and scatters of bone on surfacein places. No surface sherds found. (Ref:topo2/103) SMW018 19°45.78/30°19.837 Oroomikki graves? Single grave, probably postmedieval; outlined in stones, c.2.3 x 2m. (Ref:topo2/104) SMW019 19°45.8/30°19.87 Oroomikki Diffi Large diffi to E of Oroomikki hamlet. Built in jalus, with 1 tower surviving on W side. (Ref:topo2/105) SMW020 19°45.901/30°19.479 Hooshaniki shrine? Shrine measuring c.4.7 x 6.5m. Close to rock drawings SMT004 (Ref:topo2/108) SMW021 19°46.163/30°19.299 Hooshanikki diffi Poorly preserved diffi built in jalus and stone at the N end of the hamlet. One tower partially preserved on S side. (topo2/109) SMW022 19°46.360/30°19.00 Hooshanikki ruins Postmedieval Traces of at least 2 jalus walls, S of SMW023. Very eroded. No surface sherds noted. (Ref:topo2/112) SMW023 19°46.374/30°18.965 Hooshanikki ruins

Traces of mud walls forming at least 2 rooms on site close to lorry track, S of the hamlet. Clusters of grindstones noted. (topo2/113) SMW024 19°46.391/30°19.025 Hooshanikki Diffi Ruins of small diffi, built of jalus, with one tower in SE corner. No surface sherds noted. (Ref: topo2/114) SMW025 19°46.508/30°18.867 Mishshinikki diffi Postmedieval topo2/115/7 SMW026 19°47.19/30°18.051 Hamadar Diffi Postmedieval Poorly preserved diffi at N end of hamlet close to cultivation area. Built in jalus. Parts of one tower survive. No surface sherds noted. (Ref:topo2/120) SMW027 19°48.764/30°18.042 Gaar rock drawings Group of rock drawings. (topo2/122) Tajab TJB001 (90/11) 19°49/30°18.5 Tahainirki Cemetery – Medieval/Islamic? A large cemetery site close to the river N of Kabaja village, beside the 'lower' lorry track. TJB002 (90/12) 19°49.2/30°18.5 Tahainirki Occupation -- Prehistoric An extensive site running along the S bank of the khor Taha'nirki, W of the 'lower' lorry track. Surface material comprises scatters of lithics concentrated around 2 rock outcrops at its E end. No pottery was recorded. TJB003 (90/13) 19°49.51/30°17.588 Tahainirki Granary -- Islamic An isolated structure measuring c.22m square, built of rough stone and jalus. The site is known locally to have been a granary (Nobiin: Shoona) and probably dates to the 18th-19th Century. Numerous quernstone fragments were noted in and around the structure. Tahanikkin DiffiDiffi/Granary=topo2-1/8-169 TJB004 (90/14) 19°49.881/30°17.506 Shoona Granary -- Islamic A well-preserved jalus structure situated within the cultivation area c.80m from the river. The building measures 16 x 15m with a small tower built on its NW corner. The walls are built in a distinctive fashion with 2 separate faces. Locally informants identify the structure as a granary. Shoonan Diffi Diffi/Granary=topo2-1/8-171 TJB005 19°50.22/30°17.49

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Kisseenfarki Fortified site Medieval-Postmedieval A large fortified site on the bank of the river, on the north side of khor Kisseenfarki. The primary structure is a massive rectangular mudbrick enclosure with subcircular corner towers, measuring c.12m (N-S) x 14m (E-W). Latterly, the structure was substantially rebuilt and repaired, with the addition of rectangular stone and jalus casings for the corner towers, and the addition of a large enclosure (c.25m N-S x <26m E-W) on the east side of the core structure, extending towards the river bank. The primary structure dates to the medieval Christian period. Surface material includes sherds from the Post-Classic and later phases. The later stone and jalus additions probably date to the 18th century. In local tradition the site is associated with a local ‘bandit’ chief Ali Barsi. Linant recorded that Ali Barsi was killed in the early 19th century, apparently not long before the Egyptian invasion of Sudan in 1820. Refs: Linant 1958:182; (Ref: 90/15=90/MH7a) Ref: Sudan Survey Map NE-36-A "Ruins". TJB006 19°50.22/30°17.45 Kisseenfarki Village/Church? Medieval A large site in open land west of TJB005. A poorly-preserved enclosure wall surrounds the site, c.45m N-S and <100m E-W, the E end has been lost. The line of an internal cross-wall is preserved c.45m from the W end. In the centre of the western part of the site are partially upstanding remains of a substantial mudbrick structure with a number of vaults and arches still intact. The best preserved structures are built in mudbrick, but the presence of much redbrick rubble across the site indicates the presence of at least one redbrick building, since robbed out. Surface sherds include Classic Christian and later wares. (Ref: 90/16) TJB007 19°50.3/30°17.45 Kisseenfarki Cemetery An extensive area to the north of TJB006 shows some disturbance and is covered with a thin scatter of medieval sherds. This may be a cemetery but confirmation is required. (Refs: 90/17 = 90/MH7c) TJB008 19°50.39/30°17.29 Kisseenfarki-Klaatin Occupation Medieval A small and poorly defined site close to the river bank in an area of sand and halfa grass. The surface remains are limited to a sherd scatter of ‘Early Christian’ material (Ware R5) as well as probable ‘Classic Christian’ sherds (Ware W10). Further testing is required. (90/18) TJB009 (90/19) c.19°51/30°17.5 Fogo Occupation pre-Kerma/Kerma An extensive Kerma occupation site on the SE side of Jebel Ali Barsi on the W side of Fogo village. Dense scatters of sherds, lithics and clusters of stones including pre-Kerma and Early Kerma material. This

potentially very important site is seriously threatened by the westward expansion of Fogo village and further work here is urgently required. TJB010 (90/22) 19°51.2/30°18.5 Fogo Enclosures ? A group of four rectangular stone enclosures close to the river bank, on the N side Fogo village. The low walls are of rough dry-stone construction and enclose an area of c.6500m2 in total. These are probably animal enclosures for trade caravans which passed through this area. TJB011 (90/21) 19°51.2/30°17.8 Fogo Cemetery Medieval/Islamic? A small cemetery area just N of Fogo village close to site TJB012. It covers c.5000m2 and is well preserved. Many of the graves are of Islamic date a number of medieval sherds were also noted, including ‘Early’ and ‘Classic Christian’ wares. TJB012 (90/20) 19°51.24/30°17.87 Fogo-Siiwa Cemetery post-Meroitic A small cemetery with 5 well-preserved tumuli, in open ground N of Fogo Village. The low tumuli measure 10-15m in diameter and their sides are covered with small stones. Most appear to have been disturbed, although not recently. A small number of surface sherds include possible northern "late X-Group" wheelmade wares. It was unclear whether there are further unmarked graves surrounding the tumuli. TJB013 (90/23) c.19°51.8/30°18 Fogo North Settlement Medieval A small settlement with some standing ruins on the banks of the river amongst rocky outcrops N of Fogo. The site has been disturbed in recent years by a new vehicle track running across it. Surface pottery includes ‘Classic’, ‘PostClassic’ and ‘Late Christian’ wares. TJB014 (90/24) c.19°51.8/30°18 Fogo North Graves - Medieval A small cemetery just N of the medieval settlement TJB013, in a small open area bounded by rocks, close to the river. Surface sherds include possible ‘Early Christian’ wares. TJB015 (90/25) c.19°52.25/30°18.5 Toona Habitation - Medieval An isolated medieval house on the river bank in an area of rock outcrops. The building measures c.10 x 5m and stands up to 2.25m high. This was probably a two storey building. Little of the mudbrick upper levels survive, but the barrel-vaulted ceilings of the six lower rooms (measuring c.2.5 x 3m) are well-preserved. TJB016 (90/26) c.19°53.6/30°18.25 Ortoodi Cemetery ?

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An ancient cemetery has been reported within the courtyard of Tajab Elementary School. The graves included a number of infant burials, interred inside pots. Further work is required to determine the date and nature of this site. TJB017 (90/27) c.19°54/30°17.45 Satai Habitation Islamic? Two well-preserved buildings just to the S of Jebel Satai. The 2 adjoining structures, one built in jalus mud and the other in rough stone, measure 15 x 12m. TJB018 (90/28) c.19°54/30°18 Satai Occupation Prehistoric An extensive occupation site with a surface spread of lithic material extending over c.600m N-S. The site lies on raised ground within a large wadi to the W of site TJB017; some parts have been disturbed by vehicle tracks. TJB019 (90/29) c.19°54.25/30°18 Satai Rock Drawings & Occ A small group of rock drawings at the SE end of Jebel Satai, on SE facing boulders. The drawings are mainly of cattle. Some sherd scatters were also noted in the vicinity which included incised Neolithic material. TJB020 (90/30) c.19°54.5/30°18 Satai Occupation Medieval An extensive spread of medieval Christian sherds spread over c.300m of the river bank, N of Jebel Satai and S of Khor Satai. No building remains are visible but surface material suggests the presence of pottery kilns. Many of the sherds are of coarse utility wares including qadus, but some decorated Classic Christian wares were noted (e.g. Ware W5 "Ghazali" type). TJB021 (90/34) c.19°55.5/30°17.25 Fagirinfenti Cemetery Medieval On the S side of the settlement is a small cemetery covering c.100 x 25m. A number of individual graves visible, marked by low gravel mounds, aligned E-W. A small quantity of medieval Christian sherds was found, most from small fine vessels of ‘Classic’ (e.g. Ware W5) and ‘PostClassic’ Christian wares. Refs: Mohammed 1978: 64. TJB022 (90/33) c.19°55.6/30°17.5 Fagirinfenti Saqia pit Postmedieval? Just to the S of site TJB023 is a saqia well. The pit is quite well preserved. Its date remains uncertain, but it is possibly of late medieval date. TJB023 (90/32) c.19°56.33/30°17.7 Fagirinfenti Settlement Medieval A cluster of ruined buildings and stone enclosures, close to the edge of the river, marking the site of a small medieval settlement, including the ruins of a mudbrick church measuring c.14.2 x 7.4m. Surface

sherds include ‘Classic’, ‘PostClassic’ and ‘Late Christian’ wares. Refs: Mohammed 1978: 62-3, 66. TJB024 (90/31) c.19°56.5/30°17.75 Fagirinfenti Habitation Medieval This is a substantial two-storey medieval building, measuring c.18 x 16.4m, constructed with rough stone foundations and a mudbrick superstructure. The stone foundations stand c.1.3m high and the maximum height of the building is 4.3m. Several well-preserved barrel vaults survive within the internal rooms. In the S wall, a wide entrance leads onto a rough stone ramp running towards other buildings (TJB023). Refs: Linant 1958: 183, Mohammed 1978:61-2, Sudan Survey Map NE-36-A "Ancient Ruins". TJB025 19°56.61/ 30°18.02 Fagirinfenti Enclosure Medieval? An irregular rough stone enclosure located on rocky outcrops to the E of TJB024. TJB 026 19°50.22/30°17.47 Kisseenfarki Shrine Postmedieval Mudbrick shrine at NE edge of TJB 006. Subrectangular structure, measuring c.5 x 6m with mihrab at east end. Other MAS 029 (91/52) c.19°53.1/30°23.55 Masida Rock Drawings Three rock drawing stations had previously been found on rocky spurs running W of J. Barja. a) The E end of the church (MAS021) is built against a massive boulder on which there are drawings of a large human figure and 2 animal figures. No good parallels for this drawing are known, but a Kushite date seems possible. b) 100 m. W of the church on the N side of the spur is a finely executed figure of an elephant. Closeby is another unidentifiable animal figure. c) On the S face of the next spur to the N, a further large but very schematic elephant figure is drawn on a low-lying boulder. Refs: Station (b): Allard-Huard & Huard 1983:48, Fig.29.5.

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MAS029, elephant figure (b)

On a return visit to the site, a further drawing (d), of a feline (leopard?) was identified, only easily visible in oblique light.

MAS029, feline figure(d)

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Full listing of sites within survey area, updated December 2002

Ref Site Name correct' name type E° N Hannek HNK001 Hannek Hannik Fortified Site 30° 21.8 19° 42.69 HNK002 Hannek Hannik Cemetery. 30° 21.59 19° 42.88 HNK003 Tifawer Tiifaawir Habitation 30° 21.84 19° 43.61 HNK004 Tifawer Tiifaawir Habitation 30° 21.86 19° 43.54 HNK005 Hannik ancient graves? 30° 21.68 19° 42.69 HNK006 Hannik Hannik hilla ancient graves? 30° 21.86 19° 43.29 HNK007 Hannik sheikh Diyaab shrine 30° 21.43 19° 43.36 HNK009 Hannik Tumuli 30° 21.79 19° 43.64 HNK010 Hannik structures 90/3?HNK003 30° 21.8 19° 43.80 HNK011 Hannik Rock Drawings 30° 21.87 19° 43.62 HNK012 Hannik Neolithic occupation 30° 21.91 19° 43.78 HNK013 Tifawer Faad rock gong+drawings 30° 21.66 19° 43.91 HNK014 Tifawer Faad structure 30° 21.75 19° 44.02 HNK015 Tifawer Faad graves? 30° 21.9 19° 44.07 HNK016 Tifawer kisseenaarti church site? 30° 22.45 19° 44.16 HNK017 Tifawer Faad enclosure 30° 21.82 19° 44.23 HNK018 Tifawer Deekamindiffi Diffi 30° 22.19 19° 44.26 HNK019 Tifawer shambaalinkid rock drawings 30° 22.1 19° 44.32 HNK020 Tifawer ancient graves? 30° 21.98 19° 44.35 HNK021 Tifawer ancient graves? 30° 22.09 19° 44.49 HNK022 Tifawer fagiir Khayri shrine 30° 22.06 19° 44.60 HNK023 Tifaawir rock drawings+sherds 30° 22.13 19° 44.67 HNK024 Tifaawir structure? 30° 22.08 19° 44.70 HNK025 Ashshaw fagiir shrine 30° 21.98 19° 45.01 HNK026 Ashshaw Diffi 30° 22 19° 45.10 HNK027 Ashaw Is ashaw-kullenballe ruins 30° 22.23 19° 44.82 HNK028 Ashaw Is ashaw-kullenballe structure 30° 22.27 19° 44.87 HNK029 Ashaw Is ashaw-kullenballe structure? 30° 22.4 19° 44.72 HNK030 Ashaw Is ashaw-kullenballe sherds 30° 22.34 19° 44.69 HNK031 Ashaw Is ashaw-kullenballe sherds 30° 22.32 19° 44.67 HNK032 Hannik kisseenaarti Rock Drawings & Rock Gong 30° 22.15 19° 43.15 HNK033 Hannik Diffi OshiinKoorid Diffi 30° 22.04 19° 43.84 Simit W SMW001 Simit West Cemetery 30° 20.5 19° 45.3 SMW002 Abdelrahmanirki abdelrahmanikki Occupation 30° 20 19° 45.75 SMW003 Abdelrahmanirki Hooshaniki Cemetery 30° 19.5 19° 45.75 SMW004 Fagirkullenballe Rock Drawings 30° 19.25 19° 46.5 SMW005 Kullenballe topo2/118 Qubbas 30° 18.64 19° 46.64 SMW006 Hamadar Cemetery 30° 18.5 19° 47.5 SMW007 Simit West Diffi Sh Musa 30° 21.27 19° 45.42 SMW008 Simit West sh musa structures? 30° 21.01 19° 45.42 SMW009 Simit West graves? 30° 20.85 19° 45.42 SMW010 Simit West Gaam uffa burning ,sherds 30° 20.63 19° 45.09 SMW011 Simit West Gaam uffa burning ,sherds 30° 20.88 19° 44.61 SMW012 Simit West Gaam uffa burning ,sherds 30° 20.74 19° 44.79 SMW013 Simit West Gaam uffa burning 30° 20.71 19° 44.84

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SMW015 Simit West graves? 30° 20.84 19° 45.35 SMW016 Simit West Aminikki diffi 30° 20.37 19° 45.68 SMW017 Simit West Aminikki graves? 30° 20.22 19° 45.60 SMW018 Simit West oroomikki graves? 30° 19.84 19° 45.78 SMW019 Simit West oroomikki Diffi 30° 19.87 19° 45.8 SMW020 Simit West Hooshaniki shrine? 30° 19.48 19° 45.9 SMW021 Simit West Hooshanikki diffi 30° 19.3 19° 46.16 SMW022 Simit West Hooshanikki ruins 30° 19 19° 46.36 SMW023 Simit West Hooshanikki ruins 30° 18.94 19° 46.39 SMW024 Simit West Hooshanikki structure 30° 18.94 19° 46.35 SMW025 Simit West Mishshinikki diffi 30° 18.87 19° 46.51 SMW026 Hamadar diffi 30° 18.05 19° 47.19 SMW027 Gaar rock drawings 30° 18.04 19° 48.76 topo2/100 Simit West graves? 30° 20.86 19° 45.32 topo2/116 Simit West Mishshinikki graves? 30° 18.87 19° 46.4 topo2/119 burning 30° 18.67 19° 46.62 topo2/121 Hamadar cemetery?=SMW006? 30° 17.88 19° 47.69 topo2/27 Akkad Abjarbuun rock gong 30° 21.41 19° 42.22 topo2/28 Akkad Abjarbuun structure 30° 21.43 19° 42.19 topo2/37 Hannik structures 90/4?/HNK004 30° 21.99 19° 43.78 topo2/46 Tifawer Faad ancient graves 30° 22.01 19° 44.14 topo2/47 Tifawer Faad burnt soils 30° 22.02 19° 44.22 topo2/48 Tifawer Faad burnt soils 30° 21.92 19° 44.00 topo2/50 Tifawer Faad rock drawings 30° 21.81 19° 43.99 topo2/75 Ashaw Is ashaw-kullenballe rock gong 30° 22.29 19° 44.73 topo2/9 Hannik kisseenaarti cemetery? 30° 22.16 19° 43.21 UCLA97/91 Hannek Occupation & Rock Drawings 30° 21.71 19° 43.21 Akkad Diisbanqubba qubba? 30° 21.41 19° 42.29 Tajab TJB001 Taha'nirki Cemetery 30° 18.5 19° 49 TJB002 Taha'nirki Occupation 30° 18.5 19° 49.2 TJB003 Taha'nirki Tahanikkin Diffi Diffi/Granary=topo2-1/8-169 30° 17.59 19° 49.51 TJB004 Shoona Shhonan Diffi Diffi/Granary=topo2-1/8-171 30° 17.51 19° 49.88 TJB005 Kisseenfarki Fortified site 30° 17.49 19° 50.22 TJB006 Kisseenfarki Village/Church? 30° 17.45 19° 50.22 TJB007 Kisseenfarki Cemetery 30° 17.45 19° 50.3 TJB008 Kisseenfarki klaatin occupation 30° 17.29 19° 50.39 TJB009 Fogo Occupation 30° 17.5 19° 51 TJB012 Fogo siiwa Cemetery 30° 17.87 19° 51.24 TJB011 Fogo Cemetery 30° 17.8 19° 51.2 TJB010 Fogo Enclosures 30° 18.5 19° 51.2 TJB013 Fogo Village site 30° 18 19° 51.5 TJB014 Fogo N Graves 30° 18 19° 51.5 TJB015 Toona Habitation 30° 18.22 19° 51.72 TJB016 Ortoodi Cemetery 30° 18.22 19° 52.93 TJB017 Satai Habitation-Diffi? 30° 18.18 19° 53.32 TJB018 Satai Occupation 30° 18.2 19° 53.4 TJB019 Satai Rock Drawings 30° 18.21 19° 53.47 TJB020 Satai Occupation 30° 18 19° 54 TJB024 Fagirinfenti Habitation 30° 17.75 19° 56.68 TJB023 Fagirinfenti Habitation 30° 17.75 19° 56.43

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TJB022 Fagirinfenti Saqia pit 30° 17.5 19° 55.6 TJB021 Fagirinfenti Cemetery 30° 17.25 19° 55.5 TJB025 Fagirinfenti Enclosure 30° 18.02 19° 56.61 TJB026 Kisseenfarki shrine/mosque 30° 17.47 19° 50.22 Jawgul JWG001 Kassi (Marakol) Fortified site 30° 20.28 19° 57.73 JWG008 Jawgul Saqia 30° 21.32 19° 57.42 JWG009 Jawgul Occupation? 30° 21.65 19° 57.97 JWG002 Jawgul Village 30° 21.75 19° 57.25 JWG003 Jawgul Church 30° 21.75 19° 57.25 JWG004 Jawgul Cemetery 30° 21.5 19° 57.25 JWG005 Jawgul Cemetery 30° 21.2 19° 57.35 JWG007 Sharabeen Diffi 30° 25 19° 57.25 JWG006 Dewrirki Occupation 30° 23.25 19° 57.25 JWG010 Kasakona Cemetery 30° 24.7 19° 56.85 JWG011 Kasakona Occupation (kilns) 30° 24.69 19° 56.75 JWG012 Kasakona Occupation 30° 25.12 19° 56.7 JWG013 Kasakona (ex-

Shofein) Occupation (kilns) 30° 25.37 19° 56.83

Defoi DFF001 Shofein Fortified Site 30° 25.9 19° 56.65 DFF002 Shofein Diffi Haj Abbas 30° 26.13 19° 56.6 DFF003 Shofein Church 30° 26.36 19° 56.68 DFF004 Debieb Occ & Cemetery 30° 27.72 19° 56.93 DFF005 Barae Diffi 30° 28.62 19° 56.87 DFF006 Barae Diffi 30° 28.77 19° 56.92 DFF007 Barae E Occupation? 30° 28.88 19° 56.96 DFF008 Tinutti (Teanirki) Village 30° 30.14 19° 56.93 DFF009 Haleeba Habitation 30° 30.48 19° 56.49 DFF010 Haleeba Cemetery 30° 30.56 19° 56.43 DFF011 Haleeba Occupation 30° 30.44 19° 56.57 DFF012 Haleeba Rock-cut tomb 30° 30.62 19° 56.58 DFF013 Shofein RockDrawings+Occ 30° 26.37 19° 56.7 Kajbar KJB001 Kajbar Habitations 30° 32.4 19° 56.8 KJB002 Siti Nafiisa Tomb? 30° 32.5 19° 57.4 KJB003 J. Noh Occupation 30° 32.55 19° 57.84 KJB004 J. Noh Quarry 30° 32.55 19° 57.84 KJB005 J.Noh Rock Drawings 30° 32.88 19° 57.6 KJB006 J.Noh structure 30° 32.55 19° 57.84 KJB007 Siti Nafiisa occupation 30° 32.45 19° 57.64 KJB008 Majariki Diffi 30° 32.44 19° 56.92 KJB009 J. Noh S Graves 30° 31.61 19° 57.27 KJB010 Kajbar W Occupation 30° 31.04 19° 56.85 Kokka KKA001 Koka Diffi 30° 34.95 20° 1.5 KKA002 Koka Qubba Cemetery 30° 34.94 20° 1.55 KKA003 Koka Karaam Medieval site 30° 34.75 20° 0.59 KKA004 Koka hajmarintoondiffi 30° 34.56 20° 0.54 KKA005 Koka Hamidtoondiffi 30° 34.97 20° 0.84 KKA006 Koka Eshlaag diffi 30° 35.01 20° 1.714 KKA007 Koka turkish mosque 30° 35.02 20° 1.714

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KKA008 Koka mitaarat cemetery 30° 34.03 20° 1.76 KKA009 Koka cemetery 30° 34.01 20° 1.81 KKA010 Koka Shafaarikindiffi 30° 35.04 20° 2.03 KKA011 Koka Mosque 30° 34.95 20° 1.5 Tur’a TUR001 Tura Qubba 30° 34.73 20° 2.115 TUR002 Tura Khalwa 30° 35.02 20° 2.101 TUR003 Tura Shambodiffi 30° 34.21 20° 2.51 Shadda SHD001 Shadda Occupation 30° 33.69 20° 3 SHD002 Shadda Diffi 30° 34.19 20° 3.65 SHD003 Shadda Diffi 30° 33.65 20° 4.45 SHD004 Shadda Qubba Cemetery 30° 33.6 20° 4.23 Artimiri ARM001 Artimiri Diffi 30° 33.95 20° 4.63 ARM002 Artimiri Diffi 30° 34.27 20° 4.304 ARM003 Artimiri Mosque 30° 34.37 20° 4.19 ARM004 Artimiri Diffi 30° 34.23 20° 3.999 Sudla SDL001 Sudla-Saab Diffi 30° 33.22 20° 5.55 SDL002 Sudla-Saab Cemetery 30° 33.24 20° 5.306 SDL003 Sudla-Gaameeg Diffi 30° 32.75 20° 6.066 SDL004 Sudla-Gaameeg Qubba Cemetery 30° 32.72 20° 6.121 SDL005 Sudla Cemetery 30° 32.66 20° 6.26 Sesi SES004 Sesibi SW Cemetery (Cem C) 30° 32.49 20° 6.457 SES001 Sesibi Town 30° 32.56 20° 6.61 SES003 Sesibi W Cemetery (Cem B) 30° 32.43 20° 6.63 SES005 Sesi Kasanta Cemetery 30° 32.7 20° 7.12 SES002 Jebel Sesi Townsite 30° 32.97 20° 7.18 Handikka HDK001 Handikka Qubba Cemetery 30° 32.89 20° 7.56 HDK002 Handikka Diffi 30° 32.94 20° 7.67 HDK003 Handikka Qubba Cemetery 30° 32.87 20° 7.91 HDK004 Handikka Diffi 30° 32.95 20° 8.04 HDK005 Handikka Graves 30° 32.72 20° 7.2 Gorgod GGD001 Jebel Gorgod Rock Drawings 30° 29 20° 12 GGD002 Gorgod W Rock Drawings 30° 30 20° 9 GGD003 Gorgod E Rock Drawings 30° 32.75 20° 10.5 GGD004 Gorgod-Kony Konyindiffi 30° 32.93 20° 9.62 GGD005 Gorgod Osmandiffi 30° 32.98 20° 9.547 GGD006 Gorgod Wayeendiffi 30° 20° GGD007 Gorgod

AbArmaan AbArmaan medieval building 30° 33.03 20° 10.21

GGD008 Gorgod AbArmaan

AbArmaan medieval building 30° 33.03 20° 10.12

GGD009 Gorgod Esiinarti medieval settlement 30° 33.07 20° 9.74 AbuFatima ABF001 Abu Fatima Qubba & Settlement 30° 24.05 19° 41.38 ABF002 Abu Fatima Cemetery 30° 24.1 19° 41.3 ABF003 Kafrinradiim Habitation 30° 24.65 19° 41.5

21

ABF004 Kafrinradiim NE Occupation 30° 24.75 19° 41.8 Tombos TMB002 Tombos Doromar Cemetery 30° 24.5 19° 42.2 TMB001 Tombos

Ogjinondi Quarry 30° 23.67 19° 42.71

TMB003 Tombos Inscriptions 30° 23.63 19° 42.65 TMB004 Tombos N Occupation 30° 23.5 19° 42.8 TMB005 Tombos NE Cemetery 30° 23.94 19° 42.78 TMB006 Tombos NE Cemetery 30° 24.07 19° 42.78 TMB007 Tombos NE Occupation 30° 24.5 19° 42.75 TMB008 Diffi Fortified Settlement 30° 23.44 19° 42.2 TMB009 Tombolintod Tomb 30° 23.44 19° 42.2 TMB010 Gezira Tombos

NE Inscription 30° 23.2 19° 42.43

TMB011 Gezira Tombos Rock Drawings 30° 23.47 19° 42.42 TMB012 Barshambo Inscription 30° 23.51 19° 42.46 TMB013 Sheikh

Barshambo Tomb 30° 23.52 19° 42.44

TMB014 Gezira Tombos Occupation 30° 23.4 19° 42.3 TMB015 Gezira Dabaki Quarries 30° 23 19° 42.75 TMB016 Gezira Dabaki Fort & Church 30° 22.72 19° 42.94 TMB017 Gezira Dabaki N Cemetery 30° 22.68 19° 43.02 TMB018 Gezira Dabaki N Matmura silos 30° 22.71 19° 42.99 Kabodi KBD002 Gezira Kabodi Diffi 30° 23.2 19° 42.85 KBD001 Kabodi E Cemetery 30° 23.3 19° 43.77 KBD003 Kabodi NE Occupation 30° 23.4 19° 43.85 KBD004 Sh.Mohammed

SE Occupation 30° 23.08 19° 44.31

KBD005 Sh.Mohammed Fadol

Rock Drawings 30° 23.18 19° 44.42

KBD006 Sh.Mohammed NE

Tomb 30° 23.31 19° 44.4

KBD007 Hillat al Arab S Occupation 30° 22.82 19° 44.89 KBD008 Hillat al Arab Fortification 30° 22.83 19° 45.06 KBD009 Oshiindiffi Fortification 30° 22.62 19° 45.27 Simit E SME001 Simit S Occupation 30° 22.24 19° 45.87 SME002 Simit E Cemetery 30° 22.07 19° 46.74 SME003 Simit E Habitation 30° 22 19° 47.5 SME004 Salamaniki E Habitation 30° 21.5 19° 47.35 SME005 Salamaniki Rock Drawings 30° 21.5 19° 47.35 SME006 Simit E Cemetery 30° 20.96 19° 47.39 SME007 Simit E Occupation 30° 20.4 19° 47.5 SME008 Simit E Cemetery 30° 20.5 19° 47.5 Sadeik SDK001 Maygooma S Graves 30° 19.41 19° 48.38 SDK002 Maygooma SE Occupation 30° 19.5 19° 48.38 SDK003 Sadeik E Graves? 30° 19.88 19° 49.49 SDK004 Sadeik Madrasa Occupation 30° 19 19° 49.1 SDK005 Sadeik N Necropolis 30° 18.83 19° 49.37 SDK006 Sadeik N Cemetery 30° 18.44 19° 50.2

22

Habarab HBB 001 Habarab S Graves 30° 18.5 19° 50.75 HBB 002 Iraw W Occupation 30° 18.7 19° 51.5 HBB 003 Iraw E Occupation 30° 18.86 19° 51.54 HBB 004 Serreig Settlement 30° 19 19° 52 HBB 005 Habarab SE Occupation 30° 19 19° 52.25 HBB 006 Habarab E Habitation 30° 19.1 19° 52.35 HBB 007 Habarab madrasa Occupation 30° 19 19° 52.35 HBB 008 Awai Fagiriki Village 30° 19.1 19° 53.62 HBB 009 Qubba Fagir

Arabi Tombs 30° 19.08 19° 53.49

HBB 010 Fagiriki Diffi 30° 19.23 19° 53.57 HBB 011 Habarab - Irau Inscriptions 30° 18.17 19° 50.9 HBB 012 Habarab - Irau Occupation 30° 18.19 19° 50.96 HBB 013 Habarab - Irau Diffi (site of) 30° 18.19 19° 50.96 HBB 014 Habarab-

Tomandiffi Diffi 30° 18.8 19° 52.92

Masida MAS 001 Gumaara-Diffi Gornyandi Diffi 30° 21.8 19° 53.59 MAS 002 Gumaara Settlement 30° 21.99 19° 53.6 MAS 003 Gumaara Rock Drawings 30° 21.73 19° 53.71 MAS 004 Gumaara Rock Drawings 30° 22.04 19° 53.49 MAS 005 Gumaara-Sheikh

Afatna Graves 30° 22.26 19° 53.64

MAS 006 Gumaara east Occupation 30° 22.72 19° 53.57 MAS 007 Gumaara Graves 30° 22.69 19° 53.63 MAS 008 Gumaara Graves 30° 22.2 19° 53.98 MAS 009 occupation 30° 19.96 19° 54.08 MAS 010 Hambukol Deimi Diffi 30° 19.59 19° 54.03 MAS 011 Gezira Masida Shigil Rock Drawings 30° 22.97 19° 53.57 MAS 012 Gezira Masida Occupation 30° 23.11 19° 53.59 MAS 013 Gumaara 30° 22.34 19° 53.69 MAS 014 Gumaara 30° 22.44 19° 53.67 MAS 015 Hambukol Rock Drawings 30° 22.3 19° 53.42 MAS 016 Hambukol Rock Drawings 30° 22.02 19° 53.48 MAS 017 Gumaara occupation + rock drawings 30° 21.21 19° 53.86 MAS 018 Gumaara occupation+Rock Drawings 30° 21.16 19° 53.76 MAS 019? Hambukol Diffi

Hukaak Diffi 30° 20.15 19° 53.76

MAS 020 Aliiki Fortified village 30° 23.53 19° 53.62 MAS 021 Farjar-Masida Church + rock drawings 30° 23.58 19° 53.01 MAS 022 Hambukol Rock Drawings 30° 20.44 19° 53.7 MAS 023 Hambukol Madrasa- Diffi Duuni Diffi 30° 20.78 19° 53.75 MAS 024 Hambukol E Occupation 30° 20.9 19° 53.7 MAS 025 Masida W Habitation 30° 22.8 19° 53.4 MAS 026 Hambukol Fogo

W Occupation 30° 19.7 19° 53.8

MAS 027 Hambukol Fogo Rock Drawings 30° 19.75 19° 53.72 MAS 028 Hambukol Fogo Graves 30° 19.8 19° 53.9 MAS 029 Masida Rock Drawings 30° 23.55 19° 53.1 MAS 030 Masida Occupation 30° 23.7 19° 53.1 Barja BRJ 001 Barja occupation 30° 23.99 19° 54.36 BRJ 002 Barja settlement 30° 23.84 19° 53.97

23

BRJ 003 Barja enclosure 30° 23.85 19° 54.22 BRJ 004 Barja Mooga Settlement 30° 23.66 19° 53.92 BRJ 005 Barja W-Diffinog Kisseen settlement 30° 23.49 19° 53.83 BRJ 006 Barja Cemetery? 30° 23.48 19° 53.77 W. Farjar FAR 001 Wadi Farjar structure 30° 23.51 19° 52.28 FAR 002 Wadi Farjar occupation 30° 23.47 19° 52.56 FAR 003 Wadi Farjar structures 30° 23.5 19° 52.92 FAR 004 Wadi Farjar occupation 30° 23.66 19° 52.69 FAR 005 Wadi Farjar Rock Drawings 30° 23.45 19° 52.37 FAR 006 Wadi Farjar W wadi walls, occupation 30° 23.53 19° 51.6 FAR 007 Wadi Farjar E wadi walls 30° 23.99 19° 50.75 FAR 008 Wadi Farjar structures 30° 23.93 19° 50.29 FAR 009 Wadi Farjar occupation 30° 24.05 19° 50.26 FAR 010 Wadi Farjar occupation 30° 23.61 19° 49.68 FAR 011 Wadi Farjar wadi walls 30° 23.15 19° 49.42 FAR 012 Wadi Farjar graves 30° 22.81 19° 49.14 FAR 013 Wadi Farjar grave-structures? 30° 22.49 19° 48.4 FAR 014 Wadi Farjar Rock Drawings 30° 23.49 19° 52.52 FAR 015 W.Farjar Habitation 30° 23 19° 50.5 FAR 016 W.Farjar Habitation 30° 23 19° 51 FAR 017 19.49.15/30.24 Occupation 30° 24 19° 49.15 FAR 018 19.47.40/30.24 Occupation 30° 24 19° 47.4 Fad FAD 001 Fad E Graves 30° 24.72 19° 54.6 FAD 002 Fad E Occupation 30° 24.71 19° 54.64 FAD 003 Fad East Rock Gong 30° 24.44 19° 54.44 FAD 004 Fad Diffi Jaffoor Diffi 30° 24.96 19° 54.5 FAD 005 Fad E Diffi 30° 25.16 19° 55.29 FAD 006 Fad E Occupation 30° 24.57 19° 54.62 FAD 007 Fad East Occupation 30° 24.45 19° 54.48 FAD 008 Fad east Occupation 30° 24.44 19° 54.39 FAD 009 Fad west Rock Drawings 30° 25.13 19° 55.64 FAD 010 structure 30° 25.08 19° 55.19 FAD 011 Fad east occupation 30° 25.26 19° 55.44 FAD 012 Fad east occupation 30° 25.42 19° 55.44 FAD 013 Fad east occupation 30° 25.47 19° 55.44 FAD 014 Fad east wall lines 30° 25.66 19° 55.44 FAD 015 Fad east Tumulus 30° 25.73 19° 55.52 FAD 016 Fad east enclosures 30° 25.7 19° 55.69 FAD 017 Fad West? occupation 30° 25.04 19° 55.59 FAD 018 Fad east Rock Drawings 30° 25.33 19° 55.37 FAD 019 Fad East -

Gandiliki Structures 30° 25.17 19° 55.38

FAD 020 Fad East - Gandiliki

Structures 30° 25.48 19° 55.39

FAD 021 Fad East - Gandiliki

Structures 30° 25.53 19° 55.51

FAD 022 Fad island occupation 30° 25.4 19° 56 Nauri NAR 001 J.Nauri W village 30° 26 19° 56.2 NAR 002 J.Nauri E inscriptions 30° 26.3 19° 56.27 NAR 003 J.Nauri Occupation 30° 26.13 19° 56.21

24

NAR 004 Nauri cemetery Occupation 30° 26.37 19° 56.06 NAR 005 Q. Fagir Hussein Qubbas 30° 26.41 19° 56.03 NAR 006 Diffi Mak al Naas Diffi (site of) 30° 26.67 19° 56.29 Mashakeila MSK 001 Mashakeila W. Occupation 30° 26.8 19° 56 MSK 002 Fijjinikki

Kisbatta Diffi 30° 26.97 19° 56.05

MSK 003 Hajiniki Foog Graves 30° 27.17 19° 55.65 MSK 009 Kuushaniki Diffi (site of) 30° 27.16 19° 56.24 MSK 004 Udulikki Qubba 30° 27.23 19° 56.06 MSK 010 Udulikki Diffi 30° 27.17 19° 56.17 MSK 005 Fagir Hiseenin Diffi - Armed? Diffi 30° 27.63 19° 56.1 MSK 006 Korfa Diffi 30° 27.6 19° 56.22 MSK 007 D.Abdelhamiid Diffi 30° 28.5 19° 55.97 MSK 008 D.Abdalirki Diffi 30° 27.95 19° 56.05 Fareig FRG 001 Amankinya Occupation 30° 29 19° 56.2 FRG 002 Sheriifirki Diffi 30° 29 19° 56 FRG 003 Halasaabirki Occupation 30° 30.18 19° 55.67 Fareig SBU 001 Sabu I Rock Drawings 30° 32.01 19° 55.84 Sabu II Rock Drawings 30° 32.05 19° 55.81 Sabu III Rock Drawings 30° 32.24 19° 55.73 SBU 002 J.Wahaba Rock Drawings 30° 33.57 19° 57.36 SBU 003 J.Wahaba Fortified Village 30° 33.5 19° 57.5 SBU 004 J.Wahaba S. Graves 30° 34 19° 57.4 SBU 005 J.Wahaba NE Cemetery 30° 34 19° 58 Kadein KDN 001 Kadein Urumbura Tumuli 30° 34.4 19° 58.87 KDN 002 Kidnutti Habitation 30° 34.3 19° 58.7 Kedurma KDRM 001 Kedurma S Settlement 30° 35.19 20° 0.026 KDRM 002 Kedurma Settlement 30° 35.71 20° 1.916 KDRM 003 Kedurma Occ & Cemetery 30° 35.9 20° 1.98 KDRM 004 Kedurma N Occupation 30° 35.89 20° 2.278 KDRM 005 Kedurma south Graves 30° 35.29 20° 0.218 Kada KDA 001 J.Kadamusa Cemetery 30° 35.32 20° 3.686 KDA 002 J.Kadamusa Settlement 30° 35.25 20° 3.8 KDA 003 Mishirfa graves 30° 35 20° 4 Aggeteri AGT 001 Aggeteri Fortified settlement 30° 34.31 20° 5.734 AGT 002 J.Aggeteri graves 30° 35 20° 5 Delgo DLG 001 Delgo hospital Habitation 30° 34 20° 6 DLG 002 J. Delgo graves 30° 34 20° 7 Simit SMT001 Simit saabindiffi Fortification 30° 19.07 19° 47.46 SMT002 Simit saab Qubba cemetery 30° 19.24 19° 47.29 SMT003 Simit osmanikki Diffi 30° 19.94 19° 46.18 SMT004 Simit shigilindiffi Diffi 30° 21.82 19° 45.62 SMT005 Simit diyaabikki Diffi 30° 20.13 19° 47.26

25

SMT006 Simit Saab Cemetery 30° 19.11 19° 47.34 SMT007 Simit Tabdikki occupation 30° 19.96 19° 47.28 SMT008 Simit Diyaabikki graves 30° 20.1 19° 47.25 SMT009 Simit Amankinya Diffi 30° 21.38 19° 46.67 SMT010 Simit Amankinya Graves 30° 20.97 19° 46.45 SMT011 Simit Fiil Occ + cemetery 30° 21.16 19° 45.84 SMT012 Simit Abjaara Daawi graves 30° 19.15 19° 46.89 SMT013 Simit Diyaabikki Palaeolithic 30° 20.43 19° 47.04 SMT014 Simit Diyaabikki graves 30° 20.34 19° 47.02 SMT015 Simit cemetery 30° 19.88 19° 47.08 SMT016 Simit cemetery 30° 19.65 19° 47.05 SMT017 Simit mosque 30° 19.2 19° 47.3 SMT018 Simit shrine fagiir haj 30° 19.45 19° 47.17 Musul MSL 001 Musul saab Church? 30° 18.42 19° 48.61 MSL 002 Musul jebel saab structure 30° 18.38 19° 48.5 MSL 003 Musul Diffi 30° 18.31 19° 48.33 MSL 004 Musul Hambuujikki Diffi 30° 18.66 19° 48.11 MSL 005 Musul Rock Drawings 30° 18.62 19° 48.23 Nab NAB 001 Nab Saab Qubba cemetery 30° 19.13 19° 48 NAB 002 Nab Saab Diffi 30° 19.22 19° 48.048 NAB 003 Nab Saab Diffi 30° 19.22 19° 48.025 NAB 004 Nab konj occupation 30° 19.48 19° 47.710 NAB 005 Nab konj occupation 30° 19.54 19° 47.640 NAB 006 Nab Saab graves? 30° 19.11 19° 48.110 ARDUAN Amla AML 001 Amla cemetery 30° 18.45 19° 54.04 AML 002 Amla Diffi - settlement 30° 18.38 19° 53.79 AML 003 Amla - Fagir

Shaarti Qubba 30° 18.74 19° 53.73

Sugden SUG 001 Onda Diffi Diffi 30° 18.68 19° 56.36 SUG 002 Sugdan Onda Settlement 30° 18.36 19° 56.23 SUG 003 Sugdan occupation 30° 18.07 19° 55.9 SUG 004 Sugdan kisseenbaab Settlement 30° 18.14 19° 56.01 SUG 005 Sugdan Occupation - cemetery? 30° 18.41 19° 55.91 Arduan ARD 001 Arduan Settlement 30° 19.9 19° 56.14 ARD 002 Arduan Occupation 30° 20.45 19° 56.48 ARD 003 Arduan shaqiiq Rock Drawings 30° 20.36 19° 56.56 ARD 004 Arduan shaqiiq Rock Gong 30° 20.36 19° 56.57 ARD 005 Arduan Occupation 30° 20.45 19° 56.46 ARD 006 Arduan Rock Drawings 30° 20.42 19° 56.64 ARD 007 Arduan Structures 30° 19.51 19° 56.05 ARD 008 Arduan Lithic scatters 30° 19.41 19° 56.08 ARD 009 Arduan Cemetery 30° 19.34 19° 56.09 ARD 010 Arduan occupation 30° 19.14 19° 56.09 ARD 011 Arduan Diffi 30° 18.71 19° 55.89 ARD 012 Arduan-Sadeig saadeeg Occupation 30° 20.17 19° 56.66

26

ARD 013 Arduan Cemetery 30° 19.61 19° 56.11 ARD 014 Arduan Diffi 30° 19.86 19° 56.64 ARD 015 Arduan-Konj kony Qubba 30° 18.29 19° 55.65 ARD 016 Arduan 30° 19.88 19° 55.8 ARD 017 Arduan Occupation 30° 18.51 19° 55.67 ARD 018 Arduan 30° 19.82 19° 55.73 ARD 019 Arduan 30° 19.87 19° 55.63 ARD 020 Arduan 30° 19.87 19° 55.63 ARD 021 Arduan 30° 20 19° 56.05 ARD 022 Arduan 30° 20.12 19° 55.61 ARD 023 Arduan 30° 20.17 19° 55.56 ARD 024 Arduan 30° 20.37 19° 56.45 ARD 025 Arduan 30° 20.37 19° 56.33 ARD 026 Arduan Konj kony Findspot 30° 18 19° 55.6 Mugur MUG 001 Mugur enclosure 30° 20.74 19° 57.05 MUG 002 Mugur Occupation - cemetery 30° 20.6 19° 57.01 MUG 003 Mugur Diffi 30° 20.52 19° 56.95 MUG 004 Mugur -

Artindiffi uruunaarti Fortifed site 30° 20.31 19° 57.02

Melejab MLG 001 Melejab-

Shyinirki Fortifed site 30° 22.66 19° 57.18

MLG 002 Melejab House 30° 22.62 19° 57.13 MLG 003 Melejab Structures 30° 22.33 19° 57.2 MLG 004 Melejab Structures 30° 22.33 19° 57.2 MLG 005 Melejab Structures 30° 22.14 19° 57.17 MLG 006 Melejab Structures 30° 22.07 19° 57.24 MLG 007 Melejab House 30° 22.62 19° 57.2 MLG 008 Melejab church? 30° 22.62 19° 57.16 MLG 009 Melejab cemetery? 30° 22.66 19° 57.14 MLG 010 Melejab Rock Drawings 30° 22.17 19° 56.81 MLG 011 Melejab-Idriinirki Diffi 30° 23.12 19° 57.04 MLG 012 Melejab Diffi Diffi 30° 22.26 19° 56.95 MLG 013 Melajab Khalwa Khalwa 30° 22.16 19° 56.93 MLG 014 Diffi Jurun Diffi 30° 24 19° 56.88 MLG 015 Melejab occupation 30° 25 19° 56.92 MLG 016 Melejab Structure 30° 23.63 19° 56.87 MLG 017 Melejab occupation 30° 24.5 19° 56.8 MLG 018 Melejab occupation 30° 24.7 19° 56.1 Others WWA001 Wawa Cemetery 30° 20° WWA002 Wawa Cemetery 30° 20° Komer Diffi 30° 34.5 20° 16 Tinari Diffi Agula Cemetery 30° 21 20° 25 Agula Settlement 30° 31 20° 25 Soleb Temple Soleb Cemetery Jebel Dosha Rock Shrines

27

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