the little book of learning.pdf

8/14/2019 The Little Book of Learning.pdf

1/12

A,,.D\[ANICEDLEARNER,SDictionarvOver 100 English words to improvethe mind - taken from the world'smost trusted learner's dictionary.


2/12

alti iclal antellig nce lffiA little introductionThis Little Book includes lots of wordsand phrases that you will find usefirl andfun to learn.On some page you will see referencesto other entries in the Oxford AduancedLeArrler's Dictionary which we have notbeen able to include here.[f you would like to know more, why nottake a look at the complete dictionary?

aca.demia,u,eke'di:mia/ (also&rmal ot humorow aca.dem/'akad :.m/) noun|U} e world of learning, teaching, research,etc. at miversities, and the people involved in itGa.dem.ic /,aka' demIk/ ad,j,, noun.odj. lusual]y before noun] comected Wi education,especially studying in schools and universities: The studentsreturn in october or thp start o the neu atadmic ,er high / lou mdemit standards o an acadmit carur 2 [usuallybefore nom] involving a lot of reading and studyingrather than pmctical or technicat skills: tradpmic subjects/qmliftcations 3 good at subjects involving a lot of readingand studying: sh2 u6n't uer rcad,emb and hated schnl. 4 notconnected to a real or practica] situation and erorenot importmt: It is a purelJ) aca,dzmic qupstion. The wholething's academic rcrue mn't uin anluar. > aca.dem.ic.a1.1y/-kli/ adv.: You haue ta do WlI academbally to get into med,iralschnol,r noun a person who teaches and,/or does research at a univertyor collegeacu.men ,/'pkjamon; a'lu:man/ noun lJl the ability tounderstmd and judge things quickly and cleaily: busiws/commerc ia l / inant b l acurun,all-'nighter noz n (AnxE, in onnal) a time when you stay awakeall night studyingalumnl /a'lffiaI/ rcun h|.l (6puiauy AnD the former maleand female students of a schml, college or university: , loruardAlumni Aociationana.lt/t.ic.al (/,ena'Ltlkl/) (also ana.lyt,lc /,ana'lnsk/) adj.1 using a logical method of thinking bout sth in order tounderstand it, especially by looking at a the parts separately:she h6 a clear d,nalytbal mind. an amlytic approath to theproblem 2 using scienti ic malysis in order to find out aboutsth: drulytiml methads o r6%rch analr)ti,cal chmistry> ana.lt/t.lc,a1.1y /-k7 / adD.an.swer /'o:nsa(r),, An E' t/ cunEE haw/knd^, all th 'an$weE (in onnal, often digpprou-ing) to be con ident that you know s, especially when youactually do not . lthink h2 knows all the areus,,artificlal in'telligenc noun vl @bbr Al)


3/12

assa nIlate co legas.simi.late /a'smalelt/ u?r 'l [VN] to fully utlerstand anidea or some information so that you ile able to use it yourself:The committ@ uill nd time tn 6simil,a 2 this report. 2 - Gb)(into/to sth) to become, or allow sb to become, a part of a coun-try or co rmunity raer than remaining in a separate group:|vl Neu arriDals ind t hard tn assimil rte, and ma not uish to. vN} Inmigrants haue bun sumssJully ^milated into theconrnunit . 3 [VN] loften passive] - sth into/to sth to makem idea, a person's attitude, etc. fit into sth or be acceptable:These chaqes ue graduall, xsimilated, into eDerydaJ, li e.> asmi.la.tion /a,smro'le{n/ roiln ul: the rapid assimilationof reu ideas a hb sinibtian into thp politbal conmunit,bac.ca.laur.eate /,beko'lc:riat/ noun 1 the last secondaryschool exam in Frmce and other comtries, and in some inter-national schools: to sit/t he/pass/ ail your batcalaumle 2(in e Us) a religious service or talk for students who havecompleted high schoo] or collegebe.hav.iour.ism (BrE) (AmE be.hav.lo .ism) /bl'he$janzam/noun IIli @srchology) the t}eory at a]l human behaviour islearnt by adapting to outside conditions and at letrning isnot in luencedby thoughts and feelings > be.hav.lour.ist (Br8)(mE be.hav.lori gl) / -jarusv nounblack.board /'bleekba:d; nJ -bJ:rdl (also chalk board espe-cia\\y |n AmE) nouu a large board with a smoo black or darkgreen surface at teacheIs write on wi a piece of chalk: rourite on the blackboord-compare WHnEBoARDblInd /blalnd/ adi., uerb, noun, adu.lIEt the blind loading the 'blind a situation in which peoplewith ahnost no experience or knowledge give advice to otherswho a]so have no ex rerience or knowledge'boarding school noun a school where children can liveduring the TEW,/sEMEsTER{omprc DAY scHool,book.ish rbyJ:/ ad,j. (oftendisapproing> interested in read.ing and studying, raer thm in more active or practical thingsbul.sary /'b3:sori Ang'b3:rs-/ mun (pr, _ies) (BrE) il amountof money at is given to sb so that ey can study usually at acollege or university m scHoLAxsHrP, cMMGertafi.cate rcun, Uerb. mun /sa'ffiIkati AnE sar'tJ (abbr c rt.) an of icialdocumentt}at may be used to prove that e facts it states are true:a birth/marriage/duth urtfuate 2 an o Iicial document

proving at you have comilleted a cowse oi study or passed mexm; a quali ication obtained after a course of studv or anxm; a quali ication obtained after a course of study or anexa]i: a Postgrddwte CertiJirute in Educalion (= a British ouali_xa]i: a Postgrddwte CertiJirute in Education (= 2 quali-fication for teachers) note at DEGREE 'rDer /sa'tflke AmE sar't-/ [VN, VNto n] (BrE) to give sban o ficfa] docment proving that they have successfully com-pleted a training course, especially for a pmticular professionclass.mate /'k]o:smelt; mE'kl@s-/ noun a person who is orwas in the Same class as you at school or collegecog,nition /kDg'nl n; AnE ka:.g-/ noun III} (psrchotagy) tbeprocess by which knowledge and understanding is developed inthe mind: chia sfudbs mtring on theorias o cognitionco.gnos.centi ,/,kDnjJ'Jenti; AmE ,kl:n-/ noun h].'| (thecognoscenti) (from ltalian, ormal) wople With a lot ofknowledge about a particu]ar subject

co1.1e9e /'lrDhd3; AmE'ka:.L./ tnun [c, u] (often in nmes) (inBritain) a place where students go to study or to receive train-ing after they have left school: a college o urther edwtian1= providing education and training for people over 16) o

ln both BrE and mE a college is a place Where you can.go to study after you leave secondary school. ln Britainyou can 90 to a college to study or to receive training ina particular skill. ln the USA you can study for your firstdegree at a college. A university offers more advanceddegrees in addition to irstd grees.ln AmE cllBge is ofien ued to mean a university, especiallyWhen talking about people who are studying for their firstdegree. The is not used When you are talking aboutsomeone studying there: My n has gone auag to collele- 'Whm did, you go to college7 'ohio State I]ni\sity.'ln Br8 you can saY,. My d,aughter is qt colkge Myddughter is at uniDsitr, ln An E you cannot useuniversity in this way You use it With a of the to mean aparticular universit}a M9 dawhter is at @llege. I didntuant to go to a brge uniDersity,

@q:e3:aIi;iDcat faeI ten bird about t s* mey gol J:^ouusaw cup put actual too aaeloomy now ay go go eohaircIboy neil @jwpue yes wet


4/12

common sens cur icuIuma technhal/secretarial mlleEe the Roral college o Art acoll2ge ury/librar /stu.dmt sh?'s at @lrege.-see a]soCoMMUNITY coLEGE(1), sIxTH-FoRM coLDGE 2 [c,U] (often innmes) (in the Us) a miversity where students can study for adegree a.fter they have left school: Carleton Cnllege c a collegecarnpus / student a priuate ullege o He got intested in politi,csuhen he uu in mllege. She's auay at college in California.-see also coI\, I UNrrY coillcE (2) 3 [c. U] one of e separateinstitutions that some British universitieg such as oxford andCambridge, are divided into: Kiugb collage, cambridge a tourof oxford colleges Most studants liue in college. 4 (in the US)one of e main divisions of some large miversities: ?/r3histor d,epartment is part o the collage o Arts and sciences-5 [c+sing./pl. U.] the teachers anor students of a college6 [C] (especially in names, in Britain and some other countries)a secondary school, especially one where you must pay: EtonCollege 7 Cl (formaD (usually in names) an organized groupof profesional people with special interests, duties or powers:the Rowl Colkge o Physfuiare the Amican Qoilege ocardinlugyaee also ELEcToru coLEGE,common 'sens noun [Ul the abity to think about things ina practical way and make sensible decisions: For goodw' ffike,just use lour cornrnon ynse o a @mnlon-sefe approrch tod probl2mGom'munaty coal ge mun 1 (also com'munity school) (irtrBritain) a secondary school that is open to adu]ts from elocal community as well as to its oM students 2 (in the uS) acollege that is mainly for students from the loca] co]mmityand tiat offers programmes at tre two years long, indudingprogranrmes in practical ski]ls. some students go to a univer-sity or college offering fo-year progrmmes a ter they have inished studying at a colmmity college.com.pre.hen.slon /,kDmprl'henjn:, AmE,kdm-/ noun |J, Cl [U] (especia[y uritten) the ability to derstand: speech andcomprehereion o The tuk rquires a gud mmprehension ofumplex iretructiorc. o r isbehaDiour uas mnxpl2lal, belondcomprehension (= impossible to understand). o She had nocomprehension o uhat uas inuolued. 2 m exercie that trainsstudents to understand a ]mguage: listening compreh2reion a reading comprehensinnGom.pre.hen.3ive /,kDmprihens v; AnE,kd:.m-/ adj., nounr adj. l including aJI, or alnost all, the items, detils, facts,

informatigl, etc., that may be concerned: a amprehensiuelist o addrsa o a comprehereiu report / stud / suruq, comprehensiue ireurane (= covering all risks) 2 (BrEl @feducation) designed for students of atl abilities in the smeschool } com.pre.hensive.n ss noun [U]lnoun,(also compre'hensive school) (in Britain) a secondaryschool for yog people of all levels of abilitycom,puteF'IiteJate adj. able to use conputers we1l> com, puter 'lit acvrcun [v]con,ser.va.toire /kan's3:vatwo:(I)i AnE :$:rv-/ (BrE) (AmEcon.ser,va.tory) noun a sc}lool or college at which peop]e iletrained in music md eatrecon,tinuous as'sosment noun |ul (Brr) a system ofgiving a student a inalmtrk/grade based on work done duringa comse of study rather than on one examcon.vo,ca.tion ,/,kDnvo'ke { mE ,kl:nl rnun (formal) 1 |Cla large formal meeting, especially of Churctr officials -oimembers of a university 2 tU] e act of calling together aconvocation 3 lcl GmE) a ceremony held in a universitv orcoege When students receive eir degreescor]e]spondence course noun a course of study that youdo at home, using books and exercises sent to you by post/mailcoure.work /'kc:sw3:k; mE'kJ:rswe:.rk/ noun N]work tiatstudents do during a cowse of stud}a not in exams, that isiryhdgq in their final milk,/grade: Qourseuork accounts or40q" o the inal marks,c am /kfF.m/ Der Gmm) - (sth) into/onto 9th | - (sth) in topush or force sb,/sth into a small space; to move into a sma]lspace With e result at it is ful]: [VNl He cramilEd eight pmpkinto his car. o I coua neer cram in all thnt shl does in-a day,'o tmanaged to cram doun a eu mouth uh offood- o supportersamnvd, the str@ts. Iv] We all mmged, to cram into his mr.lalso VN-ADJ] 2 [V] - (for sth) (rather old- nhiorctolearn a iotof things in a short time, in preptrationfor an exarn: He's beenCamminq or his mrns all ueek.cul.tured /'k^ltjad; AnE -t atd/ adj. 1 (of pple) Well edu-cated md able to understand and enjoy art, literature, etc. 2 (of@lls or bacteria) grown for medical or scientific stucly 3 (ofpearls) grown artificiatlycur.ricu.lum /ka'ntdalam/ noun Q)l. curric.ula ,/-lal orcur.ricu.lum3) the subjects that are included in a cowse ofbdfbad alid fall hkhat catsset lmnleg man now prpen red t&e ea vzvu zm 0thin this silgJ3tJd58hoe vion chain Jm


5/12

day schooltudy or taught in a school, college, etc: the schaol cufticulum (BrE) spanish b on the cutrbulum. (AmE Spanish is in thecur r bu lum. ---compare syLLABus'day school noun 1 (old-fashinre@ a private school withstudents who live at home and only go to school duringth day{ompare BoARDING scrroor, 2 (BrE; a couse o:feducation lasting one day at which a palticular topic isdlscussed: a day sch@l at Leeds Uniursity on wom invictorian tirEs

de.ten.tion /dr'tensi/ rcun 1 [Jl e stte of being kept ina place, especially a prison, and prwented from leavirig: asenterce o 12 mnths' datmtian in a roung o end,er iwtitutin police powrs o atrest and, d,etention d,llagations o tortureand. d,etention withaut trial o a detentinn camp 2 |v,c1 thepunishment of being kept at schoo] for a time a ter herstudents have gone home: Thq can't giue me @\ dctmtion or'ftis..-see also DETAINdip.lorna /d 'plaumo; n-g :plou-/ noun 1 (BrE1 a course ofstudy at a college or v l] ercity: tuo-lear diploma courre o \heb taking a diplnma in managemnt studies. 2 a document show-ing that you have completed a coure of study or part of youreducation: a Eiah school diplo,zr note at DEGREE

das.sem.in.ate /disemelt/ Dqb|vN] (rfon@r) to sDread infor_llation, knowledge, etc. so that it iea es ";_; fi;;Jmcrmgs _ haue been widely dissernindted. > dis.iem.in.ation,/dl,seml'ne n,/ noiln [U'|drill /drll/ Db|I |il 'drill sth into sb to make sb remember or learn s bvrepeating it often: It was dritled into ^ at o, ""iiy-ii'i ir'rop litter.d]op,out /'almpaot: u.E'dTa:p-/ noun 1 a person who leavesscnool or college before they have finished iir studies: collesearopouts a uniDersity uith a high dropout rate 2 (disannru-,ng) a perso_n_ who rejects the ideas and ways of behavinf atare ac@pted by the rest of societyedu.cated /'ed3ukeltld,/ adi. Goducated) havins had eKrno ot education mentioned: having been to i school-college or miversity mentioned: priuoty iriiniii|id British-educated lqwer o He's a ninn-eai-ii. nlvm_c nad _a high standard of education; showins a hishsTiloard ol education: an educatad and, artitulate rmn-otfu educated elite o He spokg in an "a iiiiir.' '"aieduc_at d 'guess a gueis at is based on some-de-m"limowleoge, and is therefore lely to be correctedu,taan.ment /,edju'temmanv naun Nl products such aSDoot{s,_ television programmes and especially computer soFT-WARE that both educate and entertainegg.head /'eghed,/ noun (in ormal, diilpproDinP or hufrcro8\a. p9rion who is Very intelligent and is only interested instudyrng,ele'me ary school (also in ormal 'g ade school) noun(rn_the Us) a schoo| for children between e ages of bout 6and 12en-c,yc.lo.pe.dia 1BrE also -pae.dia) /m,sa*l3'pi:d ie/ noun aDooR.or set of_books giving information aboui all areas ofKnowledge or about different areas of one particu]ar subiect-usually arranged in atphabetica] oraer; a siiiiiti coti";ti;;;:irfiormatlon on a cD-RoMe u.dite /'erudalt i adj. (formal) having or showins sreat know-iedge that is gained from academic studyessay noun, Derb.noun /.'esq/ - (on sth) a hort piece of writing by a stutlentas part of a course of study: an essay on the cae;"oithe i;;;;

A degree is uually the qualification that you get by com-pleting a course of study at a college or university:a buhelnr's degu Igot my d,egree in 1987. ln BrE il canalso mean the cou se ilself: she's doing a physbs de{ree-Diploma and c rti icateare both Words for official docu-ments that show you have done or achieved something.Diploma is used for degrees and other courses of stuaybut certiflcate can be more genelal: a Hiah schooldiploma o a dzgree cti icate a cerfirtufu o attpndalne a suimming wtiJimtaln Br8 the qualmcation or course of study can also be calleda diploma or a certi icat: a tuo-rear diplnma @W I'n studlinq or the Fi st CertirDafu in English-

@o:cet fther e3:6ten bird about Isit i:iDcl^Uu :see mey got saw cup put actua.l tm aaelauomy now say go 8o eooajwhai pe ye welJI loboy nee


6/12

expertlse graduateWorawdr 2 + (on ath) a short piece of riting on a particularsubject, written in order to be published: The book untaire anmb o intil*tw esffiys on uomu in Wi2tr. 3 - (in sth)(forml) M attempt to do sth: lirsl say in politbs uas acomplete d,is6ter.) Derb / e'sel/ [VN] (lirary) to try to do sth

ex.pert.ise /,ekspe:'ti:z; AmE -p3r't-/ noun al - (in sth/indoing sth) expert knowledge or ski]l in a particular subject,activity or iob: pro essional / scientiJic / tuhniul upertise oThq haue considerable expertis in daaling u)ith oil spills. WehnDe the expertise to hPlp you run your breiress.fac.ultyl /' akJti/ rcun (pl -ies) 1 [c,usuaily pl.] any of thephysical or mental abilities that a person is born with: lre aculty o suht o She retained fur mental uulti (_ the abilityto ink and understand) until the day she died. a to be in ullposessiou o lour aculties (= be able to speak, hem, see,mderstmd, etc,) 2 [sing.] - of/for (doing) slh (formI) aparticular ability for doing sth: the acult o understand,ingcomplex issux a a mlty orwing his o nmistakgs 3 c'la departnent or group of related departments in a college orunile s7ty: the Frculty o Inu the Arts Faulty 4 [c+sing. / pI.u.] al] the teachers in a faculw of a college or university:the Iau school rcult, o a aculty n eeting a :ulty rembers5 [c, u] (often the faculty) (AmD) au the teachers of a pilticu-1r university or college: acult rumbers in.ger.tip /'fuganp; AmE -gatt"/ lnu.n lusuaily pt.l the end ofthe finger that is furthest from e hand: Appl, the crum gently

usinq y_our, ingtips. lIM hrre sth at your 'fingertips tohave tlre information, knowledge, etc. t6at is ne ded'in particular situation md be able to find it easily md useit qliclrly to your ' ing rtiqs BrE) in every wy: Slref per utionist to hil ingertips,flunk tfl]lrkl urb


7/12

aytnangradurtg . d grduate studcnt / curse 2 (mE) a person whohas completed t}rea school,studies: a high-rchool gradwte note at STUDENTluerb /'gradlaeltJ tV1 - (in sth)| - (from.., ) to get a degree,especially your first degree, from a university or colJege: nlythirty studffits g|adrutcd in Chiw last year. o She grWtafrom Earurd this ywr. o He grad,uated rom York uith a daErein Pvchology. 2 [V] - (from --- ) (AmE) to complete a cours inedumtion, especially at mGH scHool: Martha gradult2d romhigh shml two yws o i,o.3 [VN] - sb (from sth) ( mE) ta give adegree, DPLoMA, etc, to sbl Thg collgge grad,mted arl stud,ents lastW. 4 |v1- (from th) to sth to start doing s more difficutt orimportant thm what you were doing before: she recentl| grad,u-ated ron being a dnn&r tn haDing a full role in a muie.ham.mer,/'hama(r)/ Der bElllil ,hammer sth-'home 1 to emphasize a point, m idea,etc. so that people fully understand it 2 to kick a balt hardand score a goa],hammer sth 'lnto sb to make sb letrn orremember sth by repeating it many timeshang /h T'/rcun|IrE get the 'hang o slh


8/12

learn modular

bbad

member of the cIRGY-see also uYiloMANlean /b:il AmElsTn/ Uerb (leafnl,.learnt ,/b:nt: AmE 13:rnt/\or (lea_rn_ed learned) - (sth) (from sb/sth) to gain knowle.lpp9r :r(ll, 9y studying, from experience, frcm being tawht. eL,VNJ rc_ Earn _a language / a mrebal iretrurunt / a skilt a Ilmnlal a lot rom m, athar. You can learn a erat deal iusjJrom uatchlng other players. o Lvl she's Dery k2il-n barn a outJapanese culture. a The book is about hou childrm leun. o[v t9 inf, v wh-] He's learnin+ tn darcr. " U"s ili-i"",to darce, o Iv wh-l Toda, ue learnt how n use the neu soiii-O note at orscolun 2 - (of/about) sth to become awa6iitiiDy neilrng about it from sb else: Lvl I learnt o her arriualfroia.close ri2nd., o [v (that)] We Wre Dery surpr:xea to uam inol|sne nad got nutriad again, o [V wh-] We only lcarrud uti nneu teach2r _uas a eud,ays dgo. a [vNl Hou did th2, rea.ct uhenT?.uan]2d the lvus? a|so VN that] 3 [VNl to study and rereatsTn m order to be able to remember it ffi wuoruza: We haie nlelrn oru o Haml2fs spuches for rch6 n^ou. i--'iir"srn) to gradually change your attitudes about s so at vouDenave ln a di l rentway: |vl ]'m sure sh?'ll learn from-hprmlstahes, [V(that)] f ell just haDe m learn (thaa'he cailaluars nave hrs own war. a Iv lo infl I soon lparrud rnt Dask?9 m,an guestlan .lm ,l.arn (sth) the ,naro way to nna utnow to benave by leaTning from your mista}es or fn rrno]eas-ant experlences, rather an from being told leam t6ur'lesson to learn what to do or not to ao irr-ttr trttrre'Lciiyou,have had a bad experience in ttre past-milatioiili]LftTr, RoPE n.

learn.ed /'biildi AmE'ls:rm adj. [usually befo e noun]1 CormaI)baving a lot of knolilledge because you have studied

mistakes you make

mzr) connected with or for leilned people; showing andexpressing deep knowledge ffi] scrror.a.nr.v: a l2arred journal3 j z:nd; Amalernd/ devetoped by training or experiencei notexisting at bi : a lcarncd skill We cll haw d,ifferent learfndr6pore6 to anger'learning cu ve raun the rate at which you learn a newsubject r a new skiu; t}le prmess of lerning from the l

fgfall get hkhat cat lmlec tm Dsingt5tJd3hoe vision chain jmprEow IEn red

lec.ture /'lektja(r)/ noun, Uerbl 1pyn - (t9 sb) (on bout sth) 'l a talk that is given to a groupof people to teach theri about a particular subject, often as partof a miversity or coege cours: ,o deliuer / giue d lecture to rst-ledr tudents o to attend a Wias o kctur* on Jane Austen a ktture roon / hdll 2 a long angry talk at sb gives to oneperson or a group of people because ey have done s Mong:I knou I should stop smking--4an't giue ru a lecture about it.I Uerb 1 - (in/on sth) [V] to give a ta]k or a series of ta]ks to agroup of people on a subject, especia]ly as a way of teaching in university or college: She lectures in Rnsian liwature. 2 vvl- sb (about/on sth)| - sb (about doing sth) to criticize sb ortelt them how you think ey sholrld behave, especia]ly when itis done in an mnoying way: Don't art lecturing nE He'sdlucrys lacluring ru dbout the ua I d,ress.lit.e].ate /'Ltorat/ odj. able to read md write @ ,LrIERATE-see also NIJMERAm, CoMPIITER-LrrERATE'mastey's d gaee (also master's) noun a further miversity _{iJ"degree that you study for after a irst degTeema.tric.ulate /mo'tnkjulelt/ t)erb vl ( ormal) to o frcially '--become a student at a university: she matriculated, in 196B, :> ma.tricu.la.tion /ma,trju'le n/ noun [U] |ma,ture 'student noun (BrE) an adult student who goes tocollege or university some years a ter eaving schoolmem.oi,Ize (8rEalso -ise),z'memarz/ erb|vN] to learn scareflrly so at you can remember it exactly: to nlemorize apoemmodu,lar /'mDdjala(r); AmE'ma:d3+/ ad,j. 1 (of a course ofstudy especially at a British Wiversity or college) consistingof separate its from which students may choose several:0thi ist9z&e tea vil @

learn Ee's learning spanbh / to suim / hou to driue-sludy She sttldied chemistry for three gears.cram I cdn't go out tonight - I'm mmming or the qamrilis (BrE (AnE e\ iew) In this cl6s ue'll reDise/mbuuhat u d,i,d lasl ueek.placals.e_(BrE) (AmE practiee) I ,ou practise speakilgEnglish, you'll on improue.fehearse We onl| had uoueek to rehaarse th? plaJl


9/12

-

mo iav,board la_modular course 2 @f machines.. buildings, etc.) consisting Nurses in training should, fu giDen d guarantu o mplorwnt .l sePtrate pilts or units that can be;oineaiogi i-"--*'" following qmli|rc-ation, A Dbtory in this game uill earn thzm :mortar board noun ablack hat,wi a stiff . o*" top, ,o, qualirtcaon or the Wortd, clr\l.y some university teachers and students at speiat cei"e'mn] Je* a?ch noun. Derb -.-:...u,mer,acy /'nju:morasi: em1 'nw,t..mun'M;;-o.#il;; :-,;;;i;r T:i #; e-g-sz:rtlt n,] (also r .s arch s pl.]nowledge of mathematics: th ability t" 'a""'.iiia"i' especially in BrE) - (into/on sth/sb) a (reful stutty of a sub.ork with numbers: standards or tiieracy'i";r;";;; l ject, especially in order to discover new facts or informationnu'merate /'nju:marat: Amt'nu:i adj.::iia;b';;itri abdnt t:mecai/ economb / historbal/ sciiltirtr r*urch d toum2rate and literaE wlun thn 2aD2 lghool ei -rl; i do / condrct / indtrtake rMrch Ee has carriud, out utensiDe, Pass-'fail adj. (AmE| .orr"it"d wittr a gri-ains ;;;;^;". research into reneuabl2 efErEJ) soures. a Recent research on d2achool classes, etc, in which a stuaeni_paes oiririi"r:uiii children has produced some interestinE findings about theirhan receiving a grade as " t"ttJ" -ri" -Jirii; ;l speech. o What hdue their researches shoun? a a rMrch,Pass''falladu: totakeachLsspass-fail --''' '- "' "' ircjicttgrani/stiudent-see also venxnt msEARcH, opER_Pedag0gac /,peda'gD:/4,Ergo:d3_/ (als ]ra.omic.rl /_rLll\ ATloN[ REsENcH 4u DLaNl ruAi,?; ,TI r2lierning teaching meuoas:'peaao pi|u7j .uerb /n'$it]"i AmE :$| t / - (into/in/on sth) to study sthPr lr:Qks a Peoa'go9lc,a1,1Y /,pede'gDd5lk]i: lmt :goids-t adu. carefully and try to discover new facts about it |v| |Ihey,rePo_st'9radu,ate r,paust'giad5uat; ene ,poustt 1esirraiil researciing int ua9s o mpiouii pe -t-i-it. o vul torE) noun a person who already holds a frsi'decree m ;h;i's research a problem / topic / market -H spnt 20 years ramrch-::59__19uT"Jd_.tudY or research; a cnmuart stuttent pJ ing Nazi Germany. She's in Neu York raurching her neu,:r:?Ytestud:nts o a p657g7o6ro'effiury noteatit"-' Doolr 1= 1in6;n, facts and information to put in i"9. 1al"o vp lla_rv school nozn_ (BrE) a school for chilen b-eti,leen wh-] > re,s arch. nouu:T^i9*_9] 5 and 11 2 @ld- ashioned, enol = e l1a r .vi.si9n /rlvnn/ noun [C] a change or set of changesUHooHompile sEcoNDAiY scHool, to stb: He made ffime Ininor re\isions to thP rebort be ore pr nt-Pro'sPec,tus /prspektas/ noun 1 a book or printed docu, ing it out. 2 [U, Cl the act of changing sth, or exaining sthment that giv infor ation about a scho"l;u"d;; ffi' with the intention o_f changing itla iystm in nud of reu sibnto advertise it 2 (busiress) a document t "tu&'iri"rir"a]ti* a reDision o trading standards 3-tv] (BrE) the process ofabout a company's sruros efore they ,.";nid; "Ti;""'"" learning work for an exam: Haue you iuiied yur rtston yetlquali,fi,ca.tion /,kwDldikelju AmE ,kwuL-/ mun 1 n o l aTt AmE ol/ noun [U] (often usetl aan atljective) theusuallY Pl.] an exam that you have passe or, "o". "r .n,ii; Process of learning sth by repeating it until you remember itJnalyo.u hlv_e successftrlly completed: ""o*nitaitii}j", 'ather than by understanding the meaning of it| to learn bproiesnml/Duational qualirlcatians o a nuo ij7iff; ." role a rote learning?r:l| :i"t:_ ,: , : Ie t ffhoot uith no ormat q'tiiii;';"i?, 3ab.bat.ic.._al ,/sa'betlkl,/ noun c,u) a period of time when:u :'.ot?" o .He le t ffhool_uith noformal qwliJici;;';'ii sab.bat.ic.al /sa'bEtlkl,/ noun C,lJ) a period of time When #;,:i:l:?^ ,2D:,eIrrierce counts or mre than paper-awttfitatioii. Sb. especially a teacher at a university. is allowed to stop 3; l"^l'_:|}'1.o"tJPeofexperienceatyouneearoiap-artiurii theirnormalworkinordertostudyortravel:totakeayear's -."'Joo or actlvltY: f7eDious t"uhinp experietm x a necesiary qi sabbatical d sabbatical ter n / year He's on sabbtical.lication or thisjob, 3 tC. U] infrmanon that you add to a statF sarrrry/ /'savi/ noun, adj.ment .to.Iin)it the eJTect that it has * the ;rlii" ifr; i . n9u{ IU] {in ormal)-practical knowledge or understanding oface?t his thmrics, but not uithout certain qwii baiio:-;- h; , sth: nsiiis ) pi|iat sauuyO,jT^ "^r__1 ?r9y:O ui,thout quali imtim. +' lr" i r n" l . aaj;


10/12

scholadJr s condary schools9hol.af.ly /'skDlali; r2d'skoiarli/ adj. (of a person) spend-ing a lo1 of time studying md having a lot of kriowtedg e boutan academic subject: He u6 a Der scholarly 9oung mi,. 2 con-nected wi academic study: a scholarly jo rial o Thge ure anaQlosion o yholarl, interct in her poetrr.schol.ar.ship /'sknlajrp; An& 'sko:larJry,/ noun 1 |C] anamot of money given to sb by il organiztion to help pay fortheir edumtion: she Don a scholarsiip to stuay at stilo .a. oEe uent tn drona sQhool on a scholahip. 2'[ the eriousstudy of an academic subject and the knowledg ntl meorlsinvolved: a mdgnitrrcmt work o scholdrship

STUDENTS AND TEAcHERsl 4 (th school) [sing.] alt the childrenor students and e teachers in a school: I had to stanl, up in ront o he uhole rchool-FOR PART|oULAR sKltll 5 [c] (often in compomds) a place wherepeople go to learn a prticula subject or ski: a dram/langmge/ riding school thg Inndan Bwirc khmloOLLEGE/UN|VERS|TY | 6 p,IJ] 6mE, Wonnal) a college or mi-versiwi e time at you spend there: amnus schnob likl yaled,lld, Harwrd I'De knoun h2r sbne lau hool. a Wh2re da yougo ta vhaol?+e also GmUffi scHool, 7 [cl a deparfuent of acouege or university tJnt teaches a particu]fr slbiect: thg uniuer-sity n edical / lau vhool the school o Dentistry / Languaqes0t WR|TERS/ARTlsTs l 8 [C] a group of Writers, trtists, etc. whosestyle of work or opinions have been ii luenced by the sameperson or ideas: the Dutch school o painting0t FlsHl 9 [c] a large nmber of frsh or other sea animals,swimming together: a school o dolphins/shdrks/uhdleycompre sHoAL llElE There ee mmy compods ending inschool. You wi]l find them at their place in e alphabet.lElE school(s) of 'thought a way of inking that a nmber ofpeople share: There are two schools of thought about hou thisillns shoua be ffeared.-more at oLD

l uerbYOURSELF/ANIMALI 1 - sb/yourself (in sth) (/ornal) to kainsb/yourself/m animal to do sth: [VN] to school a horse o She hadsch@Iad, hers l n pati2re, o [VN to infj I haDe schaoled myylto remdin cdlm under prusure.cHlLDl 2 tVN] cornnl) to ed\lcate a child: Sfte sould, be vhooleduith fur purs.'secondary school noun a schoo] for young people betweenthe ages of 11 and 16 or l8-compare PRIMRY scHool,, HIGHscHooL

school ,/sku:l/ noun, Dba nounWiERE ci{llqREN LEARN| [c] a place where children go to be9_qu9lted: Mt brother and, I uEnt to the ffiftu schml. o Gornal)Wh_ich school da they attend? o I'm going to thL rchool bday talk to Kim's teachar o We nced. more mney for roads, hospalsand, schools. o rchml build,ings / rules / buses 2 [{l] (useat with_out 're or a) the process of lemning in a school; e time duringyour le when you go to a school (BrE) to start/ teue school (AmE) to start / quit hool Where did ,ou go to sclml? a (BriitAlI my hi,ds are slill at yhool. o mE AlI mj kids are still inschool. a (AmE) to tedch school (= teach irr a school) o ?lrtraBition from school to uork can be di Jicult, 3 n (usedwithout ,h? or a) e time dins the dav when chiien areworking in a school: 9hat I met you d|ter rchnl tod,ar? oSchool begire at 9. o The kid,s are at / in sc nol until 3-30. a ft-school actiuities / clubsbdfbad did fall klmncat leg man now tvsee tea vhget hat prpen red zl3tjd3z@ ahoe vision chain iam 0thin tis osirg

When a school is being referred to as an institution, youdo not need to use he: When do th2 childmrtnishsclrool?When you are talking about a particular building, heis used: I'lI m@t ,ou outsidp the hool. Prison, jaiicou t, and church Work in the same Way: Her hubanaspen three yurs in prison. note at ooLLEGE, HosPlTALln Br.8 someone Who is attending school is at school: u6 at school uith her sister. ln AnxE in school is used: 1hale a ten-year-oa in sch0ol ln school in m' can alsomean'attending a university'.


11/12

scfiGGG.3 te m.time,sel .'eGa3s rcUn [U] a method of tetrning in which stud,entschoos tlreir materials md use them to study on their own: avl -afientre/ librarse.me3.t9r /sllnesta(r),/ nouu (especially in the US) one of thetwo periods that the school or college year is divided into: '/rpring / allsernestefaompare TRMESIERsem.inar ,/'semmu(r)/ noun 1 a class at a university oT collegewhen a smal] group of students and a teacher discuss or studya particular topic: Tuching is by lectur and seminars. o aEraduate seminar a winar' rmm / group 2 a meeting fotdisdssion or trainilg: a oreday mnaqen ent yminar'sixth-form colt ge noun (in Britain) a school for studentsover the age of 16sopho.more /'sDfamc(r);.ArL 'scuf-/ noun(Amu) 1 a stutlent in second year of a course of study at a college or university 2a high chml student in the 1fth GnDE


12/12

textbook wo ksheet. noul,and at is

noun, adj well 'read odj. having read mmy books and therefore havinggained a lot of knowledgewhite.boa]d /'wa'l.bci ' AmE -baird./ noun altge board witha smoo white surface that teacher, etc. write on with specia]pensjcomprc BLAoKBoARDwase /waa/ adj.,Derbra.dj. (wiser, wis.Gst) 1 (of people) able to make sensib]e deci,sions md give good advice because of the experience and know-ledge that you have: a uise oa m,on o I'm older and wiser a tertm,ears in thp busilBss. 2 (ot actions md behaviour) sensible:b6ed on good judgement: a ui dnisian / precaution o It uasDery wi'se to leaue qhm you did. The uisest mury oJ rction isjlLst t fl , nothw. o I wre grateful for her wise counsel-> wie.ly adD.: she rcddBd, uiselr. o He wisely duided to teu thetrutlL E ' be none the 'wier I not be any the 'wiser 'l tonot understand s, even after it has been explained to you: I'uerud thg iretrrctinre, but I1n still none the uier 2 to not knowor fmd out about sth bad at sb has done| I you put the moreybuk, no one uill be any the uier b ,wise aft the e'v nt(often disapproing) to mderstand sth, or realize what youshould have done, only a tersth has happened be/get 'wise tosb/slh (in ormal) to become aware that sb is being dishonest:He thought h2 could, lru but I gat uise to him. put 3b 'wise(lo glh) (in ormaD to inform sb about sthluerb Wll,wise 'up

the little book of learning.pdf

Documents