The League of Nations

When: 1919 after WW1 in the Treaty of Versailles

Who:

Why: Org to help nations settle disputes peacefully

Failed:1) No armed forces2) Needed unanimous votes3) Major countries (US) were not members

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* = Write notes on ISN p.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Yalta ConferenceGood relationship.

1. Common enemy= Nazi Germany

2. Stalin needed American loans

3. Roosevelt needed USSR to defeat Japan

4. Roosevelt trusted Stalin

Yalta Conference con’d

Oral agreement. Is that a good idea?

1. Agreed (E) Europe would have free elections2. Germany divided into 4 parts: USA, Britain, France, & USSR3. Nazis would be punished4. USSR would join against Japan when Hitler defeated5. Set up United Nations

United Nations (U.N.) establishedWhen: Oct. 1945

Who: 15 countries (now 192)US, UK, USSR, China, & France have permanent seats/votes*This became a problem when USSR expanded

Why: Replaced the League of Nations 1) help each other maintain peace2) negotiate disputes b/2 nations3) will use force if necessary to stop aggressive nations

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Stalin wanted Eastern Europe because…..

USSR was devastated (human loss & the land) by 3yrs of war. He wanted & needed a protective barrier (these countries) so any future conflicts would be faught in countries other than the USSR.

(His country was attacked from the west in both WWI & WWII)

WWII Ends

Germany surrenders August 1945.

Europe is divided up among the Allies.

Stalin’s Eastern Europe

PolandHungaryRomaniaBulgariaCzechoslovakiaE. Germany

Called satellite countries because they “clung closely to the Soviet Union like satellites around a planet.”

What about Yugoslavia & Greece you ask?

YugoslaviaPeople didn’t want to replace Nazis with Stalin. Their leader, Josip Tito a wartime guerrilla leader, won 96% vote. Stalin left them alone.

GreeceAttempted to takeover Greece, but it failed. This lead to the “Truman Doctrine.”

Controlled by the Soviet Union

Mikhail Gorbachev

So, what happened to cause tension?

Stalin did have free elections………but they were rigged. He used his troops who were already in the countries from the war to help the communist win.

Ex. Poland 1947 election = 400 of 450 seats were hand-picked communist

There were free elections…………….as long as the communist won. Therefore, he did keep his word, through his eyes at least.

“From Stettin in the north to Trieste in the south, an iron curtain has descended over Europe. -Winston Churchill’s speech in Fulton

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=iron+curtain+speech+youtube&FORM=VIRE13#view=detail&mid=67E6FE291918706C0F9F67E6FE291918706C0F9F

How could he do this?

The Western Allies just got out of a terrible war. The U.S. and Britain were not prepared to fight him. Stalin’s Red Army was the most powerful land army in the world with far more troops if necessary.

Many of the Eastern Europeans countries were grateful to be free from the Nazis. The USSR helped them in …………………the beginning.

The Red Army helped control Eastern Europeans under Stalin’s “Sphere of Influence.”

-territories that Red Army controlled

Eastern Europeans learned quickly not to oppose Stalin because the Secret Police harmed or even killed them if they did. -Stalin’s men who searched for those who

opposed communism. Those who did ended up hurt or dead

He controlled the press, & didn’t allow people speak freely about the government.

Lets review…………..

1. Identify the conference that an oral agreement was made among FDR, Stalin, & Churchill.

2. Identify the 6 countries that were under Stalin’s control.3. Identify the 2 countries that he did not control.4. Who gave the famous “Iron Curtain” speech?5. Identify 3 ways Stalin maintained control of the Eastern countries.6. What were the Red Army, Sphere of Influence, & Secret Police?